Type D personality negatively associated with self-care in Chinese heart failure patients

Background Little is known about the association between type D personality and self-care behaviors in heart failure （HF） patients. We examined the effect of type D personality on self-care behaviors and self-efficacy among Chinese HF patients. Methods A cross-sectional study with a convenience sample was conducted. All participants completed the questionnaires of the self-care of HF index （V6） and type D personality scale. Demographic and clinical variables were obtained from medical records and patient interviews. The me- thods used for data analysis included descriptive analysis, independent-sample t-test, Z2 test, and multiple linear regression. Results A total of 127 HF patients were included and 61.4% of them were male. The average age for this study sample was 64.9± 12.34 years. The majority of the participants were in a New York Heart Association class III or IV （87%）, and the average length of living with HF was 38.24 ± 41.1 months. A total of 33.1% of the participants were identified as having type D personality. No significant differences were determined in the demographic and clinical variables between type D and non-type D patients, except for the mean age and the length of living with HF. Type D patients were younger and had a shorter time of living with HF than their non-type D counterparts. Multiple regression demonstrated significant associations between type D personality and self-care maintenance and self-efficacy after adjusting the demographic and clinical factors. However, type D personality was not significantly associated with self-care management behaviors. Conclusions Type D personality was negatively related to self-care maintenance and self-efficacy in Chinese HF patients. Future study is warranted to develop a tailored intervention to improve engagement in self-care behaviors in HF patients with type D personality.

Personality Traits and Self Regulation: A Comparative Study among Current, Relapse and Remitted Drug Abuse Patients

Objective: The current study aimed to investigate the relationship among personality traits and self regulation among different drug abuse cases. The three categories of drug abuse were based on phases of addiction namely current, relapse and remitted cases. Method: The sample consisted of 108 drug abusers taken from different rehabilitation centers of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. The selected drug abusers were at current (n = 40), relapsed (n = 42) and remission phase (n =2 7) of drug addiction;with an age range of 20 to 70 years. The data were collected from private rehabilitation centers of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. In this study, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised EPQR-Short (Eysenck, Eysenck & Barrett, 1985) was used to measure personality traits of the drug abuse cases. Self Regulation Questionnaire (SRQ) developed by Miller and Brown (1991) was used to measure the self regulatory skills. The data were collected from rehabilitation centers. Before collection of data, formal permission was taken from the administration of these centers. Research protocol included an Ethical Proforma explaining rationale of study, ensuring confidentiality of the information to be used for research purpose only and also had personal consent form. In the first phase, pilot study was conducted to check the reliability of translated scale and availability of sample. A sample of 15 drug abusers was selected for pilot study. In the next step (main study);protocol was administered on current, relapsed and remitted cases through individual administration. For remitted cases, the researcher consulted authorities (administration head, and medical doctors) of centers and administered protocol on the days when these participants came for follow-up session. Results: The results of the study indicate strong correlation between self regulation and personality traits (r = 0.27**). Furthermore, most of the participants scored higher on Psychoticism (100%), Introversion (75%) while Neuroticism (58%) trait was found less among drug abuse cases. The study also indicates strong correlation between self regulation and Extraversion-Introversion personality trait (r = 0.20**) while other traits did not have significant correlations with self regulation. Furthermore, the descriptive frequencies reveal that most of the participants scored higher on Psychoticism (100%), Introversion (75%) while Neuroticism (58%) trait was found less among drug abuse cases. Conclusion: From the above mentioned findings, it is concluded that self regulation is associated with personality traits among drug abusers. The comparisons of personality traits and self regulatory skills among the different phases of addiction provide an insight into how these traits interact with self control to regulate impulsive and addictive behaviors.

Personality factors and self-perceived health in Chi-lean elderly population

Empirical evidence suggests that the stability of personality itself contributes to successful ageing and is associated with longer life. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between personality traits and the self-perceived health status, stratified by medical conditions in a representative sample of non-institutionalized elderly people in Chile. The data used for this study come from the fourth waves (2009) of the Chilean Social Protection Survey (SPS-2009). Included were a total of 2655 subjects aged 65 and over. The results showed that higher scores of all five personality factors were associated with good health. Those with the perception of poor health were more likely to be female, with lower education level and older than those with good health. With the exception of agreeableness, strong and significant associations with self-perceived health were demonstrated for extraversion, conscientiousness, emotional stability and openness, among elderly with medical conditions. Among elderly without medical problems, significant associations with self-perceived health were demonstrated only for extraversion, agreeableness and emotional stability. This study has shown that there is a consistent association between personality factors and self-perceived health throughout the older population. Our results suggest that extraversion and openness traits could be acting as “protector” factors and agreeableness and conscientiousness traits as “resilient” factors, facing to the health problems among elderly people.

An Inquiry Into the Concept of the African Personality (Person) as a Social-Self

It is a fact of history that the African continent had experienced enslavement and colonialism which,unfortunately,led to the uprootedness of the being of the African.Consequently,one of the great tasks which faced the post-independent African was to come to terms with his selfhood,to construct the truth of his world.This largely helped in forming both the personal identity and the narrative identity of the African personality.This paper critically inquires into how this narrative identity that issued forth from the quest for the establishment of his being or selfhood(or individuality)helps in defining the collective identity of the African as a social being or self.One crucial question before this paper is whether the self loses his selfhood as an African in the collectivity or communalism of the African culture(way of life)together with his freedom and autonomy(of the individual),which are the essential and transcendental qualities of man.Through critical analytic and hermeneutic methods,this paper found out that the African metaphysics of reality or worldview almost sacrifices the freedom and autonomy of the self(as an individual)at the altar of the community,which constitutes its greatest pitfall.Thus,it is a considered conclusion of this paper that the concept of African personality(person or identity)as a social-self appears to ignore certain values that are clearly cherished by individuals practically in all cultures.

The effects of self-value on personality

Absractive:This article try to illustrate the re lationship of self-value and person ality by paraphrasing these two concepts,and deduce the effects of self-value to personalit y from this.This article also point out the questions how to direct and help university students to set proper s elf-value and then modle healthy personality.It bring forward supposition of the r esolvement of the questions.On the b ase of the demonstrative research we carry out a validative research.

An Analysis of Personal Factors that Determine Carrie's Self ——Actualization in Sister Carrie

In Dreiser's novel Sister Carrie, the heroine Carrie's self-actualizing natures are reflected in her self-actualization effort. Those natures include the acceptance of reality and potential to be actress, etc., which play the crucial role of her star journey and self-actualizing effort. Therefore, every woman should have the spiritual spirit; and, at the same time, pursue nobler spiritual life.

基于BiLSTM+Self-Attention的多性格微博情感分类

微博作为最受欢迎的社交网络平台之一,是人们表达观点和情感的重要途径。性格影响人的情感表达方式。针对现有微博情感分析很少考虑性格因素这一问题,文章提出一种基于BiLSTM+Self-Attention并结合性格因素的微博情感分类模型(P-BiLSTM-SA)。该模型首先根据“大五”人格理论,基于用户性格将微博文本进行性格分组,然后结合BiLSTM模型和自注意力机制训练出各性格分组的基本分类器,最后采用集成学习方法融合基本分类器预测结果,输出最终的情感标签。为了验证自注意力和性格对情感分类的有效性,文章进行了2组对比实验。第1组实验结果表明,在准确率、精确率、召回率和F1这4个评价指标的综合平均表现上,P-BiLSTM-SA与P-LSTM、P-BiLSTM以及BiLSTM-SA相比,分别提高了0.036、0.017、0.025,说明自注意力机制能有效学习到文本关键信息;第2组实验结果表明,在准确率、精确率、召回率和F1这4个评价指标的综合平均表现上,P-BiLSTM-SA与未结合性格因素的BiLSTM-SA相比,提高了0.012,说明性格因素对情感分类具有一定的帮助。

Using self-determination theory to identify organizational interventions to support coal mineworkers’ dust-reducing practices

Advancing the application of safety and health(S&H)technologies is likely to remain a value in the mining industry.However,any information that technologies generate must be translated from the organization to the workforce in a targeted way to result in sustainable change.Using a case study approach with continuous personal dust monitors(CPDMs),this paper argues for an organizational focus on technology integration.Although CPDMs provide mineworkers with near real-time feedback about their respirable coal dust exposure,they do not ensure that workers or the organization will continuously use the information to learn about and reduce exposure sources.This study used self-determination theory(SDT)to help three mines manage and communicate about information learned from the CPDM technology.Specifically,35 mineworkers participated in two mixed-method data collection efforts to discuss why they do or do not use CPDMs to engage in dust-reducing practices.Subsequently,the data was analyzed to better understand how organizations can improve the integration of technology through their management systems.Results indicate that using the CPDM to reduce sources of dust exposure is consistent with mineworkers’self-values to protect their health and not necessarily because of compliance to a manager or mine.

基于元学习个性化推荐研究综述

推荐系统作为缓解“信息过载”的工具,为用户过滤冗余信息并提供个性化服务,近年来得到了广泛应用。然而,实际推荐场景中,通常存在冷启动与不同推荐算法难以根据实际环境自适应选择等问题。元学习因其具有基于少量训练样本快速学会新知识和技能的优点,被越来越多地应用于推荐系统相关研究中。对现有基于元学习技术缓解推荐系统冷启动问题以及自适应推荐问题的主要研究进行探讨。首先,分析了基于元学习推荐在上述2个方面已取得的相关研究进展;然后,指出了现有元学习推荐研究存在难以适应复杂任务分布、计算代价高和容易陷入局部最优等问题;最后,对元学习在推荐系统领域的一些最新研究方向进行了展望。

个人信息的内生安全机制及其实现

个人信息处理的技术性、隐蔽性,使自上而下的“命令式”监管范式失效。数字时代,个人信息治理的重点是防止个人信息处理者滥用数据权力威胁国家安全、盘剥和操控个体。为有效控制数据权力这一风险源,国家应当督促个人信息处理者建立健全涵盖制度保障、组织程序保障的个人信息内生安全机制。通过监管激活个人信息处理者内部的自我规制机制,增强其内部的组织控制和行为规范化程度,消减个人信息处理的负外部性,实现个人信息处理的正和博弈。通过监管督促个人信息处理者强化内部治理机制,严格落实个人信息保护影响评估制度,遵从“三同步”要求将个人信息保护法规定的各项义务嵌入产品“代码”中,防控个人信息处理过程中妨害个人自主性、减损人格尊严的风险。

The Self-Actualization of Catherine——An Analysis of Catherine in Washington Square from the Perspective of the Motivation Theory

This thesis analyzes the protagonist Catherine in Washington Square from the perspective of the theory of motivation.This theory belongs to humanistic psychology,a branch of psychology mainly developed by Abraham.H.Maslow.

Health, Wellbeing and Self-Esteem: Web-Based Support in Children with Urogenital or Bowel Malformation

Children with urogenital malformation or bowel disturbances are a vulnerable group and are at risk of experiencing ill health. At school they have to face and cope with situations they are unused to and often feel excluded. There is a lack of studies investigating prevention of ill health in this group of children. Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the health/well-being and self-esteem, before and after a one-year intervention comprising person-centred, web-based learning support, in preschool children born with malformations in the urethra, bladder, genitals and/or bowel. Study design: Nine boys and one girl participated, aged 3 - 7 years (study group) with diagnoses of epispadia, bladder exstrophy, urethra valves and Hirschprung’s disease. Two questionnaires were used, developed to measure index of health/wellbeing and self-esteem in younger children. In the study group, the interviews were repeated after one year. The group was compared with a control group of 20 healthy, age-matched children. Results: Before the intervention, there were no differences in wellbeing (Children condition index) between the study group and the control group. One year after the start of the web-based preschool, wellbeing in the study group had slightly improved, but not significantly compared to before the intervention. No significant difference was found compared to the control group. When measured self-esteem (I think I am) before the intervention, the study group had significantly better self-esteem compared to the control group. One year later, there was a slight improvement in self-esteem, but two children scored worse in the domain Psychological wellbeing. In comparison with the group of healthy children, the self-esteem in the study group was better for total sum (p = 0.0002). Discussion: Wellbeing and self-esteem seem to be good in children aged 3 - 7 years with uro-genital and bowel malformations, according to the findings of this study. This is better than reports concerning older children. Despite high initial values compared to healthy children, continued, but not significant, improvement in wellbeing and self-esteem was shown one year after intervention. Conclusions: The results of the intervention aimed at promoting health, wellbeing and self-esteem are promising but a longer-term follow-up in a larger group of children is needed.

青少年抑郁症患者人格特征与非自杀性自伤行为的相关性分析

目的探讨青少年抑郁症患者的人格特征与非自杀性自伤行为之间的相关性,以增进对抑郁症患者心理健康风险的理解。方法研究于2021年9月至2023年9月在武汉市精神卫生中心进行,共纳入138例首发中重度青少年抑郁症患者,将患者分为无自伤自杀行为组(n=25)、非自杀性自伤(NSSI)组(n=78)和自杀未遂(SA)组(n=35)。通过汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)-24以及其他心理评估工具,收集一般资料和神经质人格得分、负性生活事件、情绪状态、社会心理因素等数据。采用统计学方法进行相关性和回归分析研究人格特征与非自杀性自伤行为之间的关系。结果无自伤自杀行为组、非自杀性自伤行为组和自杀行为组在内外倾向、精神质、神经质和掩饰性等人格特征方面存在显著差异,且非自杀性自伤行为组和自杀行为组的评分普遍高于无自伤自杀行为组(P<0.05);自伤行为评分在这三组中也有显著差异,尤其是自杀行为组评分最高,但在生活事件评分方面则无显著差异;焦虑、抑郁、童年期创伤、应激生活事件和自尊方面的评分在三组间均有显著差异,其中自杀行为组在焦虑、抑郁、童年期创伤和应激生活事件评分上最高,但在自尊评分上最低(P<0.05);内外倾向、精神质、神经质和掩饰性与非自杀性自伤行为显著相关,且多元回归分析结果显示这些因素以及焦虑、抑郁、童年期创伤、应激生活事件和自尊是非自杀性自伤行为的独立影响因素,且内外倾向的最佳预测阈值为-10.5%。结论研究揭示了青少年抑郁症患者人格特征与非自杀性自伤行为之间的相关性。对于临床实践和干预策略,了解这些关系有助于更好地识别高风险群体并提供个性化的心理健康支持。

结合自我特征和对比学习的推荐模型

针对图神经网络推荐中图卷积在消息传递过程的嵌入表示过平滑和噪声问题,提出一种结合自我特征和对比学习的推荐模型(SfCLRec)。采用预训练-正式训练架构训练模型,首先预训练用户和项目的嵌入表示,通过融合节点自我特征维持节点本身的特征唯一性,并引入层级对比学习任务减少来自高阶邻居节点中的噪声;其次,在正式训练阶段根据评分机制重新构建协同图邻接矩阵;最后,根据最终嵌入得到预测评分。实验结果表明,相较于LightGCN、SimGCL(Simple Graph Contrastive Learning)等现有图神经网络推荐模型,SfCLRec在3个公开数据集ML-latest-small、Last.FM和Yelp中均取得了较好的召回率和归一化折损累计增益(NDCG),验证了SfCLRec的有效性。

赋能或去能:人工智能对创造性人格的影响

创造性人格常被视为人类稳定且独特的禀赋。但当人工智能(artificial intelligence,以下简称AI)技术侵入创造性工作领域,AI具备的“数字权威”导致人类对AI的自动化偏差,人类由创造力主导角色滑向依附角色只在一线之间,并通过影响个体的创新自我效能感和创新角色认同,最终威胁到个体的创造性人格。本研究拟基于“我能创新”和“我应创新”两条作用路径,厘清在创造性任务中使用AI及产生自动化偏差对个体创造性人格的影响,并探讨个体如何通过自我领导守住创新主体地位,以期深化对AI背景下创造性人格的研究。

课堂环境如何影响学生创新能力发展--作用机制与异质性探索

基于北京市小学生创新能力调查数据,构建回归模型和有调节的中介模型,探究课堂环境对学生创新能力发展的影响效应、作用机制及异质性特征。研究结果如下:六类课堂环境均可显著影响学生创新思维和创新人格发展;创新自我效能感在课堂参与和合作行为两类课堂环境与创新思维间起部分中介作用,而在这两类课堂环境与创新人格间起完全中介作用;同伴关系、课堂参与和合作行为三类课堂环境与创新思维的关系在不同家庭社会经济地位之间存在异质性;创新自我效能感在合作行为这一课堂环境与学生创新思维间的中介作用受到家庭社会经济地位的调节。研究对学生创新能力培养和低家庭社会经济地位学生发展具有重要的理论意义和实践启示,建议分别以教师和学生为主体构建积极的课堂环境,关注学生的创新心态,对低家庭社会经济地位学生进行有针对性的学业和心理帮扶。

个人信息数据财产化及其确权授权模式构建

个人信息数据确权授权若适用传统人格标识财产化模式,要么导致基础权益错配,要么造成流转效用受阻。通过对财产价值溯源可以发现,个人信息存在原始数据、数据集合、衍生数据三种形态。原始数据非对人“有用的财物”,不构成财产权客体,但因其是个人信息的比特化表达,所以在数字空间中,个人信息权需以其为行权媒介;而数据集合与衍生数据则是数据财产权客体。数据三形态厘清了个人信息权、个人信息数据使用权及数据财产权的差序格局。个人信息数据的商业利用以个人信息权为基础,基于人格自决形成以信息主体同意为路径的许可机制。同意为准法律行为,许可生成低自由度的个人信息数据使用权,该权区别于处理者的数据财产权,需引入告知允诺之债和法定信义义务,以保护信息主体在同意许可中的信赖。

失能人员长期护理现状及照护方式的研究

目的探讨失能人员长期护理现状及照护方式。方法采用随机抽样方式选取2022年3月—2023年3月进行失能等级评估后入住酒泉市人民医院康复科治疗的64例失能人员作为观察组,选取同期进行失能等级评估后入住养老院由护理员以生活照护为主的63例作为对照组。使用健康状况问卷(short form 36 health survey questionnaire,SF-36)及社会支持评定量表(social support rating scale,SSRS)进行评估对比,分析生活质量和社会支持的相关性。结果观察组生理职能(rolephysical,RP)、情感职能(role-emotional,RE)、躯体疼痛(bodily pain,BP)、一般健康状况(general health,GH)、精神健康(mental health,MH)得分分别为(11.48±3.08)分、(14.21±3.36)分、(68.03±2.89)分、(37.54±1.87)分、(57.90±2.04)分,均高于对照组的(2.05±0.83)分、(1.09±0.60)分、(50.59±2.72)分、(28.31±1.60)分、(47.21±1.85)分(P<0.05);观察组失能人员社会支持总分、客观支持、主观支持、支持利用度得分分别为(39.26±6.13)分、(8.31±1.40)分、(24.18±4.94)分、(6.77±1.56)分,均高于对照组的(22.52±5.07)分、(3.92±1.40)分、(12.90±2.76)分、(5.70±2.06)分(P<0.05);社会支持总分与BP、GH、MH呈正相关(P<0.05);客观支持与MH呈正相关(P<0.05);主观支持与BP、VT、GH、MH呈正相关(P<0.05);支持利用度与SF呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论高质量的社会支持能提高失能人员生活质量。建立失能人员健康目标和个性化管理方案,由被动照护向功能支持恢复型照护转变。失能自立护理专业化发展助失能人员生活质量不断提高。此文的研究结果为我国失能老人照护标准的制定和实施提供了可借鉴的内容。

大学生开放性人格与智慧的关系:自我反思和个人成长的中介作用

为探讨大学生开放性人格与智慧的关系以及自我反思和个人成长在其中的中介作用,采用开放性人格量表、自我反思量表、个人成长量表和智慧发展量表对1313名大学生进行调查。结果表明:(1)开放性人格、自我反思、个人成长与智慧两两之间均呈显著正相关;(2)开放性人格能够显著正向预测大学生的智慧;(3)开放性人格不仅通过自我反思和个人成长的单独中介作用对智慧产生影响,并且还会通过自我反思和个人成长的链式中介作用对智慧产生影响。研究结果揭示了开放性人格与智慧的关系及其作用机制,为开展大学生智慧教育与干预提供了实证依据。

自由自适:论孟浩然的交游诗

孟浩然是盛唐著名的山水田园诗人,一生来去城市与山水之间,虽未显达,但声名大振。他受到同时代人追捧的部分原因在于他自由的个性,而这种独特的个性又在他的诗歌书写中展露无遗。“交游诗”是孟浩然诗集中重要的题材内容,可以从他“交游诗”呈现的“自由之惑”、“自由之问”与“自由之适”,来探求他这种个性的显现。要之,孟浩然的诗歌书写时刻关注自身当下的感受,不假矫饰,更不在意奔走京城和隐居襄阳前后期的行为与意图是否一致。实际上,他的交游书写一直有着“自由之惑”和“自由之问”,但最终在心理上臻于“自由之适”的境界。同时,他的这种个性与诗风影响深远。