The Paraffin Crystallization in Emulsified Waxy Crude Oil by Dissipative Particle Dynamics

With the advancement of oilfield extraction technology,since oil-water emulsions in waxy crude oil are prone to be deposited on the pipe wall,increasing the difficulty of crude oil extraction.In this paper,the mesoscopic dissipative particle dynamics method is used to study themechanism of the crystallization and deposition adsorbed on thewall.The results show that in the absence of water molecules,the paraffin molecules near the substrate are deposited on themetallic surface with a horizontalmorphology,while the paraffin molecules close to the fluid side are arranged in a vertical column morphology.In the emulsified system,more water molecules will be absorbed on the metallic substrate than paraffin molecules,which obstructed the direct interaction between paraffin molecules and solid surface.Therefore,the addition of watermolecules hinders the crystallization of wax near the substrate.Perversely,on the fluid side,water molecules promote the formation of paraffin crystallization.The research in this paper reveals the crystallization mechanism of paraffin wax in oil-water emulsions in the pipeline from the microscopic scale,which provides theoretical support for improving the recovery of wax-containing crude oil and enhancing the transport efficiency.

Rapid evolution of T2/S-RNase genes in Fragaria linked to multiple transitions from self-incompatibility to self-compatibility

The T2/RNase gene family is widespread in eukaryotes,and particular members of this family play critical roles in the gametophytic self-incompatibility(GSI) system in plants.Wild diploid strawberry(Fragaria)species have diversified their sexual systems via self-incompatible and self-compatible traits,yet how these traits evolved in Fragaria remains elusive.By integrating the published and de novo assembled genomes and the newly generated RNA-seq data,members of the RNase T2 gene family were systematically identified in six Fragaria species,including three self-incompatible species(Fragaria nipponica,Fragaria nubicola,and Fragaria viridis) and three self-compatible species(Fragaria nilgerrensis,Fragaria vesca,and Fragaria iinumae).In total,115 RNase T2 genes were identified in the six Fragaria genomes and can be classified into three classes(Ⅰ-Ⅲ) according to phylogenetic analysis.The identified RNase T2 genes could be divided into 22 homologous gene sets according to amino acid sequence similarity and phylogenetic and syntenic relationships.We found that extensive gene loss and pseudogenization coupled with small-scale duplications mainly accounted for variations in the RNase T2 gene numbers in Fragaria.Multiple copies of homologous genes were mainly generated from tandem and segmental duplication events.Furthermore,we newly identified five S-RNase genes in three self-incompatible Fragaria genomes,including two in F.nipponica,two in F.viridis,and one in F.nubicola,which fit for typical features of a pistil determinant,including highly pistil-specific expression,highly polymorphic proteins and alkaline isoelectric point(pI),while no S-RNase genes were found in all three selfcompatible Fragaria species.Surprisingly,these T2/S-RNase genes contain at least one large intron(>10 kb).This study revealed that the rapid evolution of T2/S-RNase genes within the Fragaria genus could be associated with its sexual mode,and repeated evolution of the self-compatible traits in Fragaria was convergent via losses of S-RNase.

Physical and emulsifying properties of pea protein:influence of combined physical modification by flaxseed gum and ultrasonic treatment

This study characterized and compared the physical and emulsifying properties of pea protein(PP)and its modified proteins(ultrasound treated-PP(PPU),flaxseed gum(FG)treated PP(PPFG)and ultrasound treated-PPFG(PPFGU)).The results showed FG triggered the formation of loosely attached complex with PP via physical modification under gentle magnetic stirring at pH 7.0,while ultrasound played an important role in reducing protein size,increasing surface hydrophobicity and molecular fluidity onto oil-water interface.So ultrasound further enhanced the interaction of PP with FG,and produced the PPFGU complex with smaller droplet size,higherζ-potential and lower turbidity.Further,combination of FG and ultrasound improved the physical properties of PP with higher viscosity,stiffer gels(defined as higher elastic modulus),stronger hydrophobic properties,better thermal stability,and fast protein absorption rate.Therefore,the PPFGU coarse emulsion performed highest emulsifying activity index(EAI)and emulsion stability index(ESI)that the stabilized nanoemulsion obtained smallest droplet size,higherζ-potential,and longest storage stability.The combination of FG and ultrasonic treatment will be an effective approach to improving the emulsifying property and thermal stability of PP,which can be considered as a potential plant-based emulsifier applied in the food industry.

Region coverage control for multiple stratospheric airships with combined self-/event-triggered mechanism

The region coverage control problem of multiple stratospheric airships system is firstly addressed in this paper.Towards it,we propose a two-layer control framework with the artificial potential field(APF)-based region coverage control law and the adaptive tracking control law.The APF-based region coverage control law ensures the coverage task is achieved until every single stratospheric airship ends up performing station keeping where near the respective global minimum point,in which an innovative solution to the local minimum problem is put forward.The adaptive tracking control law is designed to realize motion control using tracking the desired velocity and angular velocity given by coverage control law,with the consideration of several practical control problems as unknown individual differences and external disturbances.To save resources,the combined self-/event-triggered mechanism designed therein significantly reduces the times of state information transmission and control law calculation.The effectiveness of the proposed control framework is verified through simulations.

Review of emulsified asphalt modification mechanisms and performance influencing factors

In recent years,with the improvement of the requirements of road performance,modified emulsified asphalts with better performance has gradually replaced the emulsified asphalt and become the primary material for road maintenance.This paper introduces the modified emulsified asphalt materials commonly used in pavement maintenance projects,definitions and modified mechanisms of polymerized styrene butadiene rubber(SBR)modified emulsified asphalt,styrene butadiene styrene block polymer(SBS)modified emulsified asphalt and waterborne epoxy resin(WER)modified emulsified asphalt are summarized.The analysis focused on comparing the effects of modifiers,preparation process,auxiliary additives,and other factors on the performance of modified emulsified asphalt.In this paper,it is considered that the greatest impact on the performance of emulsified asphalt is the modifier,emulsifier mainly affects the speed of breaking the emulsion,stabilizers on the basic performance of emulsified asphalt evaporative residue is small;and when the modifier is distributed in the asphalt in a network,the dosage at this time is the recommended optimum dosage.Finally,this study recommends that in the future,the polymer-asphalt compatibility can be improved through composite modification,chemical grafting and other methods to continue to develop broader applicability and better performance of modified emulsified asphalt.

Common Emulsifier Combination Skin Feeling Research and Recommendation

Emulsifier is an important component of emulsified skin care BASE(matrix),and the common influencing factors affecting the skin feel of BASE are:emollient,thickeners,and emulsifier.The choice of emulsifier is crucial to the skin feel of cosmetics.In this paper,12 classical emulsifiers were selected and 13 combinations of them were made.Thirteen creams were designed using the same formulation structure,their physicochemical indexes were determined,and their skin feel was tested and evaluated using five expert panel scores,with the test site being the hand.Physicochemical parameters included pH and viscosity.Skin feel indicators include:stickiness,silkiness,whiteheads,greasiness at the end of application,absorption,softness after use,etc.The BASE formulations of the creams were tested and evaluated by five experts.Recommendations were also made for the selection of emulsifier combinations in the design of cream BASE formulations.

稠油乳化黏度测量曲线与乳液特性的关系

稠油化学驱过程中降黏剂浓度对稠油乳化影响明显,通过测量不同浓度降黏剂的稠油乳状液黏度-时间曲线,以黏度、降黏率为指标分析了黏度曲线与乳液特性的关系。结果表明,当降黏剂的浓度远大于临界乳化浓度时,形成稳定O/W乳状液,黏度低、降黏率大于95%。当降黏剂的浓度大于临界乳化浓度时,形成O/W乳状液,而后随着表面活性剂向油相的迁移,油滴聚并、分层。当降黏剂的浓度与临界乳化浓度相当时,乳状液油O/W转化为W/O,黏度大幅度提高。当降黏剂的浓度小于临界乳化浓度时,只能形成W/O乳状液。

表面活性剂对水驱普通稠油油藏的乳化驱油机理

为了研究乳化降黏驱油剂对不同渗透率的水驱普通稠油油藏的驱油效率和孔隙尺度增效机理,选取了烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚(J1)、α-烯基磺酸盐类表面活性剂(J2)、十二烷基羟磺基甜菜碱(J3)、J3与烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚羧酸盐复配表面活性剂(J4)作为驱油剂,开展了4种驱油剂一维驱油和微观驱油模拟实验,明确了乳化降黏驱油剂在孔隙尺度的致效机理。结果表明,降低界面张力对提高驱油效率的作用大于提高乳化降黏率。在油藏条件下,乳化降黏驱油剂需要依靠乳化降黏和降低界面张力的协同增效作用,才能大幅提高驱油效率。乳化降黏驱油剂的乳化能力越强、油水界面张力越低,驱油效率增幅越大。当化学剂乳化降黏率达到95%时,油水界面张力从10^(-1)mN/m每降低1个数量级,化学剂在高渗透和低渗透岩心中的驱油效率依次提高约10.0%和7.8%。乳化降黏驱油剂注入初期通过降低界面张力,使得高渗透岩心和低渗透岩心中的驱替压力分别为水驱注入压力的1/2和1/3,从而提高注入能力。注入后期大块的原油被乳化形成大量不同尺寸的油滴,增强原油流动性,提高驱油效率。乳化形成的界面相对稳定的稠油油滴,能暂堵岩石的喉道和大块稠油与岩石颗粒形成的通道。油滴的暂堵叠加效应,使高渗透和低渗透岩心的驱替压差分别为水驱压差的5.2倍和32.3倍,大幅提高了注入压力,从而扩大平面波及面积。降黏驱油剂驱油实现了提高驱油效率的同时扩大波及范围。研究结果为水驱稠油开发用驱油剂的研发提供参考,为大幅提高水驱普通稠油采收率奠定基础。

乳化脂对牛肉乳化肠品质的影响

为探究使用乳化脂制作低脂乳化牛肉香肠的可行性,以乳化脂替代牛肉香肠中的脂肪,探究不同乳化脂替代比例对牛肉香肠的影响。结果表明:随着乳化脂替代量的增加(0%、25%、50%、75%、100%),牛肉乳化肠的蒸煮损失率略有上升,水分含量显著增加(P<0.05);蛋白质含量呈降低趋势,脂肪含量显著降低(P<0.05),灰分含量无较大差异;色泽方面,亮度值逐渐增加;质构方面,硬度和咀嚼性均显著降低(P<0.05);肉糜流变特性测定结果显示,肉糜初始黏度呈降低趋势;扫描电子显微镜结果显示,随着乳化脂替代量的增加,内部孔隙逐渐减小;感官评价结果显示,各乳化脂替代量组各项感官评价指标评分均不存在显著差异。综合分析可知,乳化脂添加入牛肉乳化肠可显著降低乳化肠的脂肪含量,提高乳化肠嫩度,保持牛肉乳化肠整体可接受度。

复合乳化剂替代部分米糠油对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、器官指数和血清生化指标的影响

为研究复合乳化剂替代部分米糠油对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、器官指数和血清生化指标的影响,试验选用108只1日龄AA肉鸡,随机分成3组,每组3个重复,每个重复12只肉鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验A组饲喂降能饲粮(基础饲粮代谢能降低0.23 MJ/kg)+复合乳化剂150 g/t,试验B组饲喂降能饲粮(基础饲粮代谢能降低0.43 MJ/kg)+复合乳化剂150 g/t。试验周期为42 d。结果表明:(1)与对照组相比,试验B组肉鸡1~21 d平均日增重显著提高(P<0.05),提高比例为14.00%。在饲粮代谢能降低的情况下,添加复合乳化剂后肉鸡其他各阶段生长性能、肉鸡屠宰率、腹脂率、肝脏指数、脾脏指数和血清生化指标与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05);(2)在饲粮代谢能降低0.23 MJ/kg和0.43 MJ/kg的情况下,试验A组和试验B组每只肉鸡净利润分别提高0.89元和0.11元,投入产出比分别为1:14.83和1:1.57。综上所述,在肉鸡饲粮代谢能降低的情况下,添加复合乳化剂能够弥补饲粮代谢能的降低,改善肉鸡前期生长性能,提高肉鸡经济效益。

CO_(2)驱硅酸凝胶封窜体系的制备与性能

开发易注入、可形成有效封堵的裂缝封窜技术,对于二氧化碳驱提高采收率技术具有重要意义。本文对硅酸乙酯进行改性提高其耐温性和不溶性,再乳化形成易注入的O/W乳液。考察了乳化剂类型和乳化剂用量对胶凝过程的影响。明确了pH值、温度和矿化度等因素对凝胶性能的影响,并通过人造岩心评价了该硅酸凝胶体系的封堵性能。结果表明,20%Span-80+80%Tween-80组成的复合乳化剂乳化效果最好,当乳化用量为1%时,乳化稳定性最好,粒径均一,易注入。当环境pH小于7时,可诱导乳液形成凝胶;随着温度的升高,成胶强度增强,但在150℃高温下,成胶强度下降。升高矿化度可加速凝胶的生成,但对凝胶强度影响较小。动力学分析表明,H+浓度是影响凝胶产生的关键因素,因此可在CO_(2)驱替酸性环境中,实现地层封堵。岩心实验结果显示,该凝胶颗粒可显著降低地层渗透率,封堵效果大于80%,可满足二氧化碳驱防气窜要求。

离子乳化剂对乳化沥青稳定性影响的分子模拟

为探究不同离子乳化剂对乳化沥青稳定性产生的不同影响,基于分子动力学模拟,利用Materials Studio软件构建“沥青-乳化剂-水-乳化剂-沥青”双层模型结构,模拟含不同离子乳化剂分子的乳化沥青体系,对比研究阴(SDS)/阳(CTAC)离子乳化剂对乳化沥青稳定性的影响.对比加入不同乳化剂分子后,沥青乳液的相对浓度分布、界面膜厚度、界面形成能以及静电势(ESP)的变化,分析乳化沥青的稳定性.结果表明,相较于加入CTAC乳化剂的沥青乳液,SDS乳化剂更能增大沥青与水之间界面层的厚度,减小两相的界面张力,提高乳化沥青的稳定性;从静电势角度分析,相较于CTAC乳化剂,SDS乳化剂分子烷烃链的静电势极大值更大,更易与静电势为负值的原子相结合.因此,加入SDS乳化剂的乳化沥青,其整体稳定性能要优于加入CTAC乳化剂的乳化沥青.

限制性酶解结合糖基化改性对大豆分离蛋白乳化性质的影响

目的:开发基于大豆分离蛋白(soybean protein isolate,SPI)的新型乳化剂。方法:采用限制性酶解结合糖基化处理对SPI进行结构修饰,研究协同改性对SPI乳化特性的影响。结果:SPI水解物(soybean protein isolate hydrolysate,SPIH)中的相对分子质量较大组分(F30)的乳化性最佳,且糖基化反应4 h的F30-葡聚糖轭合物乳化稳定性相对最好。相较于SPI,SPIH与F30,F30-葡聚糖轭合物稳定的乳液表现出最低的初始平均粒径,并且具有最佳的贮藏稳定性。当pH接近SPI等电点或体系处于高盐浓度时,所有乳液均出现不稳定聚集现象。与SPI相比,SPIH和F30稳定乳液的聚集程度更高,而F30-葡聚糖轭合物由于共价结合的葡聚糖提供了额外的空间位阻和亲水性,使得轭合物稳定的乳液能够耐受离子强度和温度的变化,在不利环境条件下表现出更高的抵抗力。结论:限制性酶解结合糖基化改性是开发SPI基乳化配料的潜在可靠途径。

现场混装乳化基质自动加料系统的研究开发

为解决传统工艺中给现场混装车加注乳化基质效率低、现场人员多等问题,研究开发了自动加料系统。采用二维码视频识别和图像处理技术进行混装车的准确定位,并对基质储罐下料口和混装车加料口的对准情况进行自动提示;自动加料控制模块实现了自动、定量加料和现场/远程操作与控制,并且能够防止飞溅和溢出,乳化基质的加注量等信息,由系统自动记录和管理,达到了混装车乳化基质加料过程的智能化和少人化目标。该系统在炸药厂运行了近3年时间,共加注现场混装乳化基质近12 000 t,通过加料数据的实时反馈,还实现了生产任务制定、车辆调度等的精细化管理。应用结果表明,开发的自动加料系统不仅实现了乳化基质加料过程的智能化,还对提升我国现场混装乳化炸药全工序智能化水平有促进作用。

乳化沥青提高原油采收率研究进展

乳化沥青具有注入性能好、封堵强度高等优点,作为一种选择性堵剂在油田提高采收率领域比其他化学剂体系更具应用潜力。本文总结了国内乳化沥青堵水体系的开发历程及现场选择性堵水的应用效果。通过调研近年来国内外文献,概述了乳化沥青堵水的作用机理,一种是作为乳液的作用机理,主要是乳液颗粒被变形捕获产生贾敏效应和乳液液滴的机械滞留使水的流动阻力增大;另一种是其分散相也就是乳液破乳后沥青的作用机理,主要是沥青黏附在岩壁上起到的堵水作用。同时,总结了乳化沥青稳定的主要影响因素,包括温度、水相中的电解质浓度和pH值以及分散相中的沥青质,并且论述了各因素影响乳化沥青稳定性的作用机理。最后,详细叙述了乳化沥青应用于油田调剖堵水领域的最新研究进展,研究表明乳化沥青不仅具有优异的封堵效果,还具有独特的封堵选择性。此外,乳化沥青还能与CO_(2)吞吐、泡沫调驱组成复合增产技术进行现场应用,并且指出了乳化沥青应用于调剖堵水领域存在的问题与未来展望。

乳化植物甾醇对福建白兔生长性能、肠道形态及盲肠菌群与代谢物的影响

本试验旨在研究乳化植物甾醇对福建白兔生长性能、肠道形态及盲肠菌群与代谢物的影响。选取健康、体重相近的40日龄福建白兔150只,随机分为5组,每组30只(公母各占/1/2),单笼饲养。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组A在基础饲粮中添加20 mg/kg的普通植物甾醇,试验组B、C、D在基础饲粮中分别添加10、20和40 mg/kg的乳化植物甾醇,试验期为60 d。饲养试验结束后采样,测定各组的生长性能和肠道形态、盲肠菌群组成与代谢物组成及相对含量。结果显示:1)与对照组和试验组A相比,试验组B、C、D福建白兔的腹泻率和死亡率明显下降,平均日采食量、平均日增重、料重比等各项生长性能指标均有一定程度的改善,其中试验组C的平均日增重、料重比与其他各组的差异达到显著水平(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,试验组C的十二指肠绒毛长度与试验组B、C的空肠绒毛长度显著提高(P<0.05),试验组A、B、C、D十二指肠的隐窝深度与试验组B、C、D空肠的隐窝深度显著降低(P<0.05),试验组A、B、C、D十二指肠和空肠的绒毛长度与隐窝深度比值(V/C值)与试验组B、C、D回肠的V/C值显著增加(P<0.05);试验组A空肠、回肠的V/C值显著低于试验组B、C、D(P<0.05);试验组C十二指肠的绒毛长度、试验组C、D十二指肠的V/C值显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。3)试验组B、C、D盲肠菌群组成与对照组和试验组A相差较大,试验组B、C、D在门水平上以厚壁菌门(Firmi-cutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)为主,厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门随着乳化植物甾醇添加剂量的增加呈现先增加后略微下降的趋势;在属水平上,Muribaculaceae、瘤胃球菌科NK4A214组(Ruminococ-caceae_NK4A214_group)、阿克曼氏菌属(Akkermansia)、梭菌纲UCG014(Clostridia_UCG-014)、梭菌纲vadinBB60组(Clostridia_vadinBB60_group)为各组优势菌属。4)添加植物甾醇的各试验组盲肠中糖和醇、有机酸、氨基酸等代谢物的相对含量比对照组增加,部分脂类和类脂类的相对含量下降,类激素物质的相对含量增加。Spearman相关性分析表明,这些代谢物与产粪甾醇真杆菌属(Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes)和瘤胃球菌科V9D2013组(Ruminococcaceae_V9D2013_group)密切相关。综上所述,饲粮中添加乳化植物甾醇可降低福建白兔的腹泻率和死亡率,提高平均日采食量和平均日增重,降低料重比,有利于改善肠道形态和盲肠菌群组成,增加盲肠中代谢物的相对含量,特别是短链脂肪酸;乳化植物甾醇添加剂量为20 mg/kg时对福建白兔生长性能和肠道黏膜形态完整性的改善效果最好,此剂量为福建白兔饲粮中的乳化植物甾醇的最佳添加剂量。

复配乳化剂加工耐受性研究及在奶茶中的应用

文章研究了单双甘油酯、琥珀酸单甘油酯和酪蛋白酸钠复配乳化剂方案和瓶装奶茶常用乳化剂方案在饮料加工过程中耐受离子、剪切、温度等不利因素的能力及在奶茶中的应用。通过粒度分析仪评估不同方案乳化剂在加工不利因素下的乳化稳定性;以Turbiscan、Lumisizer稳定性扫描结果结合离心脂肪上浮和货架期放置观察情况,评估不同乳化剂方案稳定奶茶中油脂的效果。结果表明:单双甘油酯、琥珀酸单甘油酯和酪蛋白酸钠以3∶4∶10比例复配,对椰子油有很好的乳化效果,可以将椰子油平均粒径降到0.21μm左右,且对离子、剪切、温度等条件的耐受性强;该复配方案应用到奶茶,仅需添加油脂总量的0.40%,就能将奶茶平均粒径降至0.3μm左右,且加工前后粒径无差异。由此可知:该研究结果不仅能够大幅度降低乳化剂用量、节约生产成本,而且可以提高乳化剂的加工耐受性,对最大限度发挥乳化剂的作用、提升产品品质、提高产品质量稳定性具有重要的意义,为高效、科学、规范使用食品乳化剂也具有一定的指导作用。

2%甲维盐乳油对松材线虫病的防效测定

[目的]为测试2%甲维盐乳油(商品名:松高飞)对松材线虫病的防治效果。[方法]首先通过室内浸渍法比较了2%甲维盐乳油和2%甲维盐微乳剂(商品名:林源松韵)的杀线活性,然后在温室和林间通过树干注射测试了2%甲维盐乳油对松材线虫病的防治效果,最后通过高效液相色谱法测定了不同时间、不同松树体内甲维盐的含量变化。[结果]室内浸渍法结果显示,2%甲维盐乳油具有更强的杀线活性,LC_(50)为41.808 mg·L^(-1),显著低于2%甲维盐微乳剂的75.959 mg·L^(-1)(p<0.05)。温室预防组结果显示,2%甲维盐乳油的预防效果显著,2 a后松树无死亡。温室治疗组结果显示,2%甲维盐乳油治疗时间越早,治疗效果越好;2 a后,接种线虫后7 d注药治疗组,松树无死亡;而30 d后注药治疗组,白皮松、无死亡,油松死亡率为20%,华山松死亡率为40%。林间的试验显示2%甲维盐乳油在两块林地的防治效果显著,其试验组马尾松林2 a累计死亡率分别为2%和5%,远低于对照组马尾松死亡率20%和25%。随着时间变化,不同松树体内甲维盐变化有所差异,华山松体内平均甲维盐含量最高(36.59 mg·kg^(-1)),油松最低(27.11 mg·kg^(-1))。注射后15 d内,所有松树体内甲维盐含量均上升;15 d后,华山松树干中部甲维盐含量逐渐升高,60 d的含量最高;而油松、白皮松树干内甲维盐含量逐渐降低并趋平。[结论]2%甲维盐乳油对松材线虫具有显著的杀线活性,温室和林间防治效果显著,在不同松树体内传输和存留效果良好,无明显药害,可以进一步推广使用。

微表处用水性树脂基改性乳化沥青流变性能

机场道面微表处技术养护品质依赖于其胶结材料性能,为明确水性树脂聚合物掺量对微表处用改性乳化沥青流变特性的影响,制备了微表处用WER/WPU改性乳化沥青与WER/WPU/EVA改性乳化沥青,借助动态剪切流变试验、线性振幅扫描试验和弯曲梁流变试验,探明了不同水性树脂聚合物掺量下改性乳化沥青高温抗变形能力、中温疲劳性能与低温蠕变特性,对比分析了WER/WPU改性乳化沥青与WER/WPU/EVA改性乳化沥青的流变性能,并与现有研究中改性乳化沥青的抗变形、抗开裂能力进行了对比评价。结果表明:掺加树脂聚合物后乳化沥青材料的高温抗变形能力、中温疲劳寿命以及低温柔韧性得到有效提升,提升幅度随水性树脂聚合物掺量增加而提高;WER/WPU/EVA-15改性乳化沥青高温抗变形性能略优于WER/WPU-15改性乳化沥青,但其疲劳特性与低温抗裂性较WER/WPU-15改性乳化沥青略低。文中所研制的树脂基改性乳化沥青具有显著的先进性。

乳化剂对氯乙烯微悬浮聚合胶乳粒径大小和粒度分布的影响

介绍了以十六醇(CAL)和十二烷基硫酸钠(SLS)为乳化剂,通过微悬浮聚合合成聚氯乙烯胶乳的方法。使用Box-Behnken设计软件设计了相关试验,研究了CAL和SLS的配比对聚氯乙烯胶乳的平均粒径(APS)和粒度分布(PSD)的影响,显示乳化剂比例(CAL/SLS)是影响APS和PSD的最主要因素。