The Self-Actualization of Catherine——An Analysis of Catherine in Washington Square from the Perspective of the Motivation Theory

This thesis analyzes the protagonist Catherine in Washington Square from the perspective of the theory of motivation.This theory belongs to humanistic psychology,a branch of psychology mainly developed by Abraham.H.Maslow.

基于马斯洛需求层次理论的灾后心理危机干预模式的构建与应用

介绍基于马斯洛需求层次理论的灾后心理危机干预模式(psychological crisis intervention model based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs,PCIMM)的概念、结构、常见危机问题与干预措施,以及应用效果。应用研究表明,PCIMM是灾后心理危机干预的一种新理念,能够有效改善危机个体的心理状态、应对能力、生理症状,帮助其摆脱危机状态,提高社会适应能力。

An Analysis of Personal Factors that Determine Carrie's Self ——Actualization in Sister Carrie

In Dreiser's novel Sister Carrie, the heroine Carrie's self-actualizing natures are reflected in her self-actualization effort. Those natures include the acceptance of reality and potential to be actress, etc., which play the crucial role of her star journey and self-actualizing effort. Therefore, every woman should have the spiritual spirit; and, at the same time, pursue nobler spiritual life.

Conductive photo-thermal responsive bifunctional hydrogel system with self-actuating and self-monitoring abilities

Despite enormous efforts in actuators,most researches are only limited to various actuation behaviors and demonstrations of soft materials.It has not yet been reported to capture and monitor its movement status in an invisible environment.Therefore,it is of great significance to develop a self-sensing and self-actuating dual-function hydrogel actuator system to realize real-time monitoring.Here,we report a bifunctional hydrogel system with self-actuating and self-monitoring abilities,which combines the functions of photothermal actuation and electrical resistance sensing into a single material.The bilayer tough conductive hydrogel synthesized by unconventional complementary concentration recombination and cryogenic freezing technique presents a dense conductive network and high-porosity structure,achieving high toughness at 190.3 kPa of tensile strength,high stretchability(164.3%strain),and the toughness dramatically(1,471.4 kJ·m^(−3)).The working mechanism of the monitoring and self-sensing system is accomplished through the integrated monitoring device of surface temperature–bending angle–electron current,to solve the problem of not apperceiving actuator motion state when encountering obstacles in an invisible environment.We demonstrated for the first time a photothermal actuator’s motion of a football player and goalkeeper to finish the penalty and a soft actuator hand,which can achieve the action of sticking to grab and release under photo-thermal actuation.When connected to the control closed circuit,the actuator realized closed-loop monitoring and sensing feedback.The development of bifunctional hydrogel systems may bring new opportunities and ideas in the fields of material science,circuit technology,sensors,and mechanical engineering.

On Measuring the Moral Value of Action

Deontology and consequentialism are two prominent, disparate tenets of normative ethics concerned with prescribing norms for ethical action in order to advance human flourishing. While consequentialism in its purest form is practical and realistic, its precepts do not intrinsically consider justice and human rights, which are salient canons of deontology. Contrariwise, though plenary deontology categorically focuses on duty or rule-based ethics, its prescripts overlook the consequences of moral action, which results in indeterminate and conceivably dramatic implications for societal eudemonia and human flourishing Traditionally, consequentialists have sought to quantify the moral value of action by formulating creative expressions. Attempts have also been made to combine ideologies in order to resolve moral conflicts that arise in both normative ethical positions. This article fuses these approaches, creating a single formulation to measure the moral value of action. Used as a guideline in the moral decision-making process, this formulation enjoins individuals to consider the consequences of action beyond the self, to ruminate beyond the immediacy of an act under consideration, and to regard unqualified societal and global norms for justice and human rights as a baseline for all moral action.

Surface tension of liquid metal： role, mechanism and application

Surface tension plays a core role in dominating various surface and interface phenomena. For liquid metals with high melting temperature, a profound understanding of the behaviors of surface tension is crucial in industrial processes such as casting, welding, and solidification, etc. Recently, the room temperature liquid metal （RTLM） mainly composed of gallium-based alloys has caused widespread concerns due to its increasingly realized unique virtues. The surface properties of such materials are rather vital in nearly all applications involved from chip cooling, thermal energy harvesting, hydrogen generation, shape changeable soft machines, printed electronics to 3D fabrication, etc. owing to its pretty large surface tension of approximately 700 mN/m. In order to promote the research of surface tension of RTLM, this paper is dedicated to present an overview on the roles and mechanisms of surface tension of liquid metal and summarize the latest progresses on the understanding of the basic knowledge, theories, influencing factors and experimental measure- ment methods clarified so far. As a practical technique to regulate the surface tension of RTLM, the fimdamental principles and applications of electrowetting are also interpreted. Moreover, the unique phenomena of RTLM surface tension issues such as surface tension driven self- actuation, modified wettability on various substrates and the functions of oxides are discussed to give an insight into the acting mechanism of surface tension. Furthermore, future directions worthy of pursuing are pointed out.

Unconventional hydrodynamics of hybrid fluid made of liquid metals and aqueous solution under applied fields

The hydrodynamic characteristics of hybrid fluid made of liquid metal/aqueous solution are elementary in the design and operation of conductive flow in a variety of newly emerging areas such as chip cooling, soft robot, and biomedical practices. chemical properties, such as In terms of physical and density, thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity, their huge differences between the two fluidic phases remain a big challenge for analyzing the hybrid flow behaviors. Besides, the liquid metal immersed in the solution can move and deform when administrated with non-contact electromagnetic force, or even induced by redox reaction, which is entirely different from the cases of conventional contact force. Owing to its remarkable capability in flow and deformation, liquid metal immersed in the solution is apt to deform on an extremely large scale, resulting in marked changes on its boundary and interface. However, the working mechanisms of the movement and deformation of liquid metal lack appropriate models to describe such scientific issues via a set of well-established unified equations. To promote investigations in this important area, the present paper is dedicated to summarizing this unconventional hydrodynamics from experiment, theory, and simulation. Typical experimental phenomena and basic working mechanisms are illustrated, followed by the movement and deformation theories to explain these phenomena. Several representative simulation methods are then proposed to tackle the governing functions of the electrohydrodynamics. Finally, prospects and challenges are raised, offering an insight into the new physics of the hybrid fluid under applied fields.

Atomic Force Microscope with an Adjustable Probe Direction and Integrated Sensing and Actuation

This article presents the application and evaluation of a cantilever with integrated sensing and actuation as part of an atomic force microscope(AFM)with an adjustable probe direction,which is integrated into a nano measuring machine(NMM-1).The AFM,which is operated in closed-loop intermittent contact mode,is based on two rotational axes that enable the adjustment of the probe direction to cover a complete hemisphere.The axes greatly enlarge the metrology frame of the measuring system by materials with a comparatively high coefficient of thermal expansion,which ultimately limits the achievable measurement uncertainty of the measuring system.Thus,to reduce the thermal sensitivity of the system,the redesign of the rotational kinematics is mandatory.However,in this article,some preliminary investigations on the application of a self-sensing cantilever with an integrated micro heater for its stimulation will be presented.In previous investigations,a piezoelectric actuator has been applied to stimulate the cantilever.However,the removal of the piezoelectric actuator,which is enabled by the application of a cantilever with an integrated micro heater,promises an essential simplification of the sensor holder.Thus,in the future it might be possible to use materials with a low coefficient of thermal expansion,which are often difficult to machine and therefore only allow for rather simple geometries.Furthermore,because of the creepage of piezoelectric actuators,their removal from the metrology frame might lead to improved metrological characteristics.As will be shown,there are no significant differences between the two modes of actuation.Therefore,the redesigned rotational system will be based on the cantilever with integrated sensing and actuation.