Analysis of the Application of Static Load Test in Bridge Bearing Capacity Testing

This article uses real engineering projects as examples to analyze how static load test technology is applied in testing the bridge-bearing capacity.The analysis covers aspects such as testing section layout,test load and efficiency coefficient,loading plan,evaluation optimization,test result modification,and result evaluation.The aim is to support the accurate detection and evaluation of bridge-bearing capacity.

Technical Analysis of Highway Bridge Static Load Test

Highway bridges are an important part of the transportation industry and can promote social economic construction and development.In actual operation,highway bridges are often damaged due to overload and natural factors,which tend to affect the safety and shorten the service life of these bridges.Assessing the overall state and performance of highway bridges is therefore a key element.Static load test,which is a type of sustainable detection experiment,has many advantages,including low cost,high efficiency,and high accuracy.In this paper,the bridge structure is analyzed through the application of theoretical calculations and relevant comparisons,so as to judge the operating state of the bridge.

Static Load Test Detection of Continuous Rigid- Frame Railway Bridge

The quality of the continuous rigid-frame railway bridge is related to the safety of train operation,so it is necessary to test its stiffness,strength,and other indicators.Static load test is a common technique for bridge inspection.This article summarizes the purpose of the static load test for a continuous rigid-frame railway bridge,including the required equipment,operation methods,etc.,and lists examples to analyze the operation process and precautions of static load test,hoping to provide reference information for relevant personnel.

Application of bi-directional static loading test to deep foundations

Bi-directional static loading test adopting load cells is widely used around the world at present, with increase in diameter and length of deep foundations. In this paper, a new simple conversion method to predict the equivalent pile head load-settlement curve considering elastic shortening of deep foundation was put forward according to the load transfer mechanism. The proposed conversion method was applied to root caisson foundation in a bridge and to large diameter pipe piles in a sea wind power plant. Some new load cells, test procedure, and construction technology were adopted based on the applications to different deep foundations, which could enlarge the application scopes of bi-directional loading test. A new type of bi-directional loading test for pipe pile was conducted, in which the load cell was installed and loaded after the pipe pile with special connector has been set up. Unlike the conventional bi-directional loading test, the load cell can be reused and shows an evident economic benefit.

Static load test and load transfer mechanism study of squeezed branch and plate pile in collapsible loess foundation

As a special geological phenomenon, the character of collapsible loess foundation is collapsible when penetrated by water. This character leads to the soil losing load bearing capacity largely and may lead to foundation failure. Pile is a popular foundation used in collapsible loess. The squeezed branch and plate pile is a new type of pile developed in recent years and has not be used in a project before. In this paper three squeezed branch and plate piles are tested in collapsible loess after immersion processing. The results may be used for reference in similar construction project, and to provide theoretical references for de- signing of the squeezed branch and plate piles in engineering practice.

Effects of Microstructure on Quasi⁃Static Transverse Loading Behavior of 3D Circular Braided Composite Tubes

The effects of microstructure on quasi-static transverse loading behavior of 3D circular braided composite tubes were studied. Transverse loading tests were conducted. Transverse load-deflection curves were obtained to analyze the effects of braiding parameters including the braiding angle, the wall thickness, and the diameter on the transverse loading of 3D circular braided composite tubes. Breaking loads, moduli and strengths had also been used to describe the transverse loading behaviors. The failure morphologies were shown to reveal damage mechanisms. From the results, the increase in braiding angle, wall thickness and diameter increases the ability of anti-deformation and breaking load of braided tubes. The breaking load of specimen with a braiding angle of 45° is about 1.68 times that of specimen with a braiding angle of 15°. The breaking load of specimen with 4 layers of yarns is about 2.15 times that of specimen with 2 layers of yarns. The breaking load of the tube with a diameter of 25.5 mm is about 2.39 times that of the tube with a diameter of 20.5 mm.

NMR-based damage characterisation of backfill material in host rock under dynamic loading

It is not uncommon that backfill material used in underground mining being exposed to repetitive dynamic stresses induced by blasting operations or rockburst events. Understanding the strength and fracture evolution of backfilled stopes is critical to maintain the long-term stope stability and ensure safe mining activities. This paper aims to study the damage evolution of the backfill material and its host rock behaviour under three-dimensional(3D) dynamic loading. Using a true-triaxial testing machine, multiple samples of backfill material enclosed by country rock were fabricated and tested under various dynamic loadings with different true-triaxial confining stress conditions. In addition, the nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) measurement was conducted on the samples before and after exerting static and dynamic loading to obtain their porosity distribution changes. The experiment results suggested that with the increase of the dynamic loading, the porosity of the backfill sample goes through a two-stage process,which shows a slightly linear decrease and then followed by an exponential increase. The research findings can help understand the damage mechanism and fracture development of backfilled stopes and its host rock in deep underground mines, which are constantly subject to the combination of 3D static confining stress and dynamic loading.

ESTIMATION OF FATIGUE LIFE UNDER RANDOM LOADING WITH PLASTIC HYSTERESIS ENERGY THEOREM

Fatigue damage of materials includes static damage and cyclic damage.Static damage is a ratio of the plastic energy in first static loading to the statictoughness, while cyclic damage is the ratio of the cyclic plastic hysteresis energy to thefatigue toughness. In the calculation, cyclic hardening (or softening) of a material istaken into account, which results in the increase (or decrease) of the yield stress. Forsimplification, it is assumed that stress and strain in cyclic loading vary in accordancewith the hysteresis loop. Fatigue toughness of a material can be detennined bysymmetric cyclic stress controlled fatigue test. A method, rational and convenient forengineering, is proposed to estimate the fatigue life under random loading based onplastic hysteresis energy theorem. Preliminary verification by test is satisfactory.

Mechanical properties of rock under coupled static-dynamic loads

Rock drilling machine,INSTRON testing system,and SHPB device are updated to investigate the characteristics of rocks at great depth,with high loads from overburden,tectonic stresses and dynamic impacts due to blasting and boring.It is verified that these testing systems can be used to study the mechanical properties of rock material under coupled static and dynamic loading condition and give useful guidance for the deep mining and underground cavern excavation.Various tests to determine the rock strength,fragmentation behavior,and energy absorption were conducted using the updated testing systems.It is shown that under coupled static-dynamic loads,if the axial prestress is lower than its elastic limit,the rock strength is higher than the individual static or dynamic strength.At the same axial prestress,rock strength under coupled loads rises with the increasing strain rates.Under coupled static and dynamic loads,rock is observed to fail with tensile mode.While shear failure may exist if axial prestress is high enough.In addition,it is shown that the percentage of small particles increases with the increasing axial prestress and impact load based on the analysis of the particle-size distribution of fragments.It is also suggested that the energy absorption ratio of a specimen varies with coupled loads,and the maximum energy absorption ratio for a rock can be obtained with an appropriate combination of static and dynamic loads.

Experimental study on DX pile performance in frozen soils under lateral loading

Experiments about working mechanism and mechanical characteristics of the DX model pile foundation under lateral dynamic and static loading were conducted by using a model system of the dynamic frozen soil-pile interaction. The horizontal displacement-force relationship of the pile head and bending moment distribution along the body in frozen soils of different temperatures were discussed. According to test results, both the horizontal disp!acement-force relationship of the DX pile head and bending moment distribution of the DX pile body are smaller than that of equal-diameter piles under same lateral loads. The piles with different plate positions show different displacements and bending moments. This phenomenon is mainly related to the soil temperature and bearing plates locations. Thus, dynamic response analysis of the pile foundation should be taken into account.

Lever-Loading System Analysis and Application

In order to prove the rationality of structural design and carrying capacity, reasonable design of lever-loading system to apply loadings to some loading-points was needed in spacecraft structural mechanics static test. Lever-loading system design affects the carrying capacity of test piece. This paper describes the application of different section loading beams. Optimizing and analysis the different models of loading beams, and verification the feasibility of combination beams.

新型钢管混凝土梁柱节点力学性能试验研究

为研究内加强环式圆钢管混凝土柱与矩形钢管混凝土梁这种新型连接节点的力学性能,设计了缩尺钢管混凝土梁柱节点试件,开展了相同梁柱节点试件的静力加载试验和低周往复加载试验。通过研究该节点试件的破坏模式、荷载-位移曲线以及拟静力加载试验的骨架曲线、核心区剪切变形等,分析了节点试件的承载能力、延性和耗能能力,全面考察了同一梁柱节点在静力加载和低周往复加载两种工况下的受力性能和破坏模式。结果表明:钢管混凝土梁柱节点试件核心区强度较强,破坏模式主要为梁端破坏,低周往复加载试验时试件梁柱连接处附近的梁端钢板发生拉裂破坏和钢板鼓曲,静力加载试验时试件梁端焊缝发生拉裂破坏;试件延性较好,加载过程中经历了弹性、弹塑性和塑性发展阶段。最后提出了该类钢管混凝土梁柱节点核心区的抗剪强度计算公式。

非对称集中荷载下无腹筋RC梁受剪性能试验研究

非对称集中荷载作用下钢筋混凝土无腹筋简支梁具有两个不同的剪跨比,而两剪跨段受剪承载力与剪力作用之间的相对大小存在不确定性.通过开展6根非对称和4根对称集中荷载作用下钢筋混凝土无腹筋简支梁受剪性能试验研究,获取了破坏形态、荷载-跨中位移曲线和纵向受拉钢筋应变,并分析了《混凝土结构设计规范》(GB 50010—2010)公式、修正压力场理论、基于截面应变分析的抗剪模型和Zsutty统计公式的适用性.结果表明,对于小剪跨比恒为1.0的无腹筋简支梁,大剪跨比为2.0~4.0的梁均在大剪跨段发生剪切破坏;当大剪跨比由3.0增大至3.5时,梁的极限承载力出现由大剪跨段控制转变为小剪跨段控制的现象《.混凝土结构设计规范》(GB50010—2010)预测非对称集中荷载作用下钢筋混凝土无腹筋简支梁发生剪切破坏的位置与试验结果相反,而Zsutty统计公式的预测效果最好.

部分充填式窄幅钢箱-UHPC组合梁抗剪试验研究

目的为研究部分充填式窄幅钢箱-UHPC组合梁的抗剪性能,方法对4根倒置组合梁试件通过三点加载方式进行了静载试验,通过研究其负弯矩作用下的破坏形态及变形特征,得到了组合梁的荷载-挠度曲线、应变分布、荷载-滑移曲线、最终破坏形态等。结果试验研究结果表明:UHPC翼板显著提升了组合梁的变形能力和极限承载力;相较于试件SUCB-3(NC翼板),试件SUCB-1(1/2UHPC翼板和SUCB-4(全UHPC翼板))的承载力分别提高了18.2%和27.3%,变形能力则分别增强了38.02%和41.2%;钢纤维的添加能有效地抑制翼板裂缝的开展,钢纤维掺量从0提高到2%,试件的最大裂缝宽度从1.06 mm降低到0.92 mm,变形能力增强了23.61%,承载力则提高了4%。结论提出了考虑钢箱、UHPC翼板和充填混凝土贡献的组合梁抗剪承载力计算公式。

不同螺栓等级下共享铁塔挂载连接件承载性能研究

为研究螺栓等级对挂载连接件承载性能的影响,选取了4.8级普通螺栓(KL-4.8)与8.8级摩擦型高强螺栓(KL-8.8)连接的挂载连接件进行静力试验研究。采用ABAQUS有限元分析软件对其受力性能进行模拟,使用可靠的数值模型系统分析螺栓等级和螺栓直径对连接件承载性能的影响。结果表明:在水平荷载作用下,两种不同螺栓等级连接的挂载连接件节点处均未出现滑移;两种连接件的破坏模式基本一致,左右两侧方钢管底部及右侧方钢管顶部均出现断裂;KL-8.8的整体刚度、极限承载能力以及变形能力均高于KL-4.8;当采用4.8级普通螺栓连接且承载力低于74.13 kN时,螺栓直径不宜小于18 mm,否则螺栓杆会发生剪切变形;当采用8.8级和10.9级高强螺栓连接时,双板件连接处节点偏于刚性连接,挂载连接件的整体刚度和极限荷载主要取决于方刚管、挂载铁杆等其他部件;挂载连接件在承载过程中通过双板件与主材之间的摩擦力和螺栓抗剪来抵抗外载,实际工程中应根据挂载重量合理选择螺栓参数。

双层圆钢管混凝土长柱压扭滞回性能试验

为研究双层圆钢管混凝土长柱在压、扭荷载作用下的力学性能,利用研制的Stewart六自由度加载平台,进行了两个普通圆钢管混凝土长柱和两个双层圆钢管混凝土长柱试件在纯扭、压扭作用下的低周往复试验。对比分析了各试件的承载力、扭转变形、耗能、滞回性能,进行了有限元参数分析。研究表明:普通圆钢管混凝土长柱和双层圆钢管混凝土长柱均具有较好的抗扭能力;与普通圆钢管混凝土长柱相比,双层圆钢管混凝土长柱的初始刚度和承载力略有提升,滞回曲线更饱满,耗能能力和延性大幅提升;参数分析表明含钢率一定时,内层钢管径厚比越大,对抗扭越有利;一定范围内的轴向荷载,可提高钢管混凝土柱的抗扭能力。

南水北调中线北京段岩体隧洞围岩变形模量分析研究

岩体力学参数是影响地下工程围岩稳定的重要因素,确定合理的岩体变形模量对隧洞设计至关重要。结合南水北调中线北京段西甘池试验洞工程,对岩体进行静载荷试验分析研究,详细介绍试验点岩体的加卸载变形关系曲线,获得西甘池隧洞岩体变形模量参数建议值,为工程设计提供依据,并以期为类似工程的设计和施工提供参考。研究结果表明:试验压力较小时,各试点岩体变形或弹性模量的变化曲线有的升、有的降,试验压力大于0.4 MPa以后,各试点的变形模量和弹性模量逐渐趋于稳定;隧洞围岩变形控制及支护结构设计时,应根据各段围岩的岩性(大理岩、滑石片岩)、结构完整性、节理裂隙的空间展布方式以及发育充填情况等综合考虑,结合工程类比和地质经验最终确定岩体弹性参数的基本代表值。研究的方法和结论可为类似条件下隧洞工程的设计、施工提供参考和借鉴。

超高桥塔的气弹模型风洞试验及其等效静力风荷载

为研究超高桥塔的气弹模型风洞试验方法及其等效静力风荷载,根据某实际工程中的超高桥塔建立了有限元模型,进行了动力特性计算,进而设计了相应的气弹模型,并开展了风洞试验。在此基础上,开展了超高桥塔风致振动的非线性时程计算,并基于阵风荷载因子法,对比了以位移、内力和应力为单一目标的超高桥塔的等效静力风荷载。结果表明:斜风作用下的桥塔风致振动比较显著,其影响随着风速的增大而愈加明显;当风向角为75°~90°时,超高桥塔将在风速为35~50 m·s^(-1)的区间发生顺桥向的侧弯涡振,但幅值较小;基于应力的阵风荷载因子比基于位移或内力的阵风荷载因子更加稳定,这使得基于应力的等效静力风荷载要优于基于位移或内力的等效静力风荷载,比较适合于超高桥塔。

压弯剪扭复合作用下灌浆套筒装配式RC墩的抗震性能

随着城市交通的快速发展,对其建设要求越来越高,城市桥梁主要为匝道桥、斜交桥等非规则桥梁.为得到压弯剪扭等复合地震作用下装配式墩的损伤机理和滞回特性,进行了灌浆套筒连接(Grouting Sleeve,GS)、灌浆套筒和钢管混凝土剪力键组合连接(Grouting Sleeve and Steel-tube,GSS)装配式墩和钢筋混凝土现浇(Reinforced Concrete,RC)墩等三种桥墩在压弯剪扭复合作用下的拟静力试验.结合现有混凝土结构设计规范计算剪扭相关曲线,并与试验结果进行对比,分析装配式墩复合荷载作用下的剪扭承载能力.结果表明:GS构件与RC构件以压弯扭破坏为主,而插入钢管剪力键的GSS构件则发生塑性铰上移,呈现出剪扭破坏的特征.GS构件和RC构件具有较好的弯曲耗能能力,增加钢管剪力键的GSS构件则可以提升抗弯承载力.装配式墩接头导致其整体性较弱,GS构件和GSS构件抗扭承载力小于RC构件.各构件在复合荷载作用下的剪扭相关关系接近规范中的1/4圆理论曲线,研究结果可以为灌浆套筒连接装配式墩在压弯剪扭复合作用下的抗震性能分析提供参考.

不均匀卵石持力层桩端后注浆效果试验研究

我国东南沿海尤其是温州地区广泛存在上覆深厚软土下覆不均匀卵石的地层。该区域的钻孔灌注桩常采用后注浆技术改善其承载性能。为了评价后注浆技术对这类地层中灌注桩承载力改善效果,开展了相应的模型试验,对比了不同注浆量对桩承载力的影响程度;并结合扫描电镜(scanning electron microscope,简称SEM)试验分析了浆液分布特点,探讨了浆液在卵石层中的扩散范围,研究了浆液扩散范围与桩承载力之间的关系。结果表明:浆液能够有效地填充桩端卵石层,注浆量的增加使得填充范围扩大,填充范围为3~4倍桩径时,桩的承载力改善最显著。在不均匀卵石持力层中存在一个最优注浆量,最优归一化注浆量约为2.8,若超过该最优注浆量归一化值,桩的承载力不再显著提高。单桩模型试验确定的最优注浆量与刘金砺公式[1]的预测结果接近。扫描电镜技术有助于评价桩的后注浆技术在上覆深厚软土下覆不均匀卵石的土层中的效果。