The Influence of Christian Nationalism on U.S.Foreign Policy

This paper explores the influence of Christian nationalism on U.S.foreign policy,examining its historical roots,ideological foundations,and contemporary implications.Christian nationalism,an ideology that links Christianity with national identity,has shaped U.S.foreign policy in areas such as religious freedom,Middle East diplomacy,and national security.Through its emphasis on the moral duty to defend Christianity and its promotion of conservative social values,Christian nationalism has affected U.S.relations with countries around the world,particularly in the Middle East and with religious minorities.The paper discusses the complexities and controversies surrounding Christian nationalism,its impact on the U.S.’s global image,and the challenges it poses to religious pluralism.The future of Christian nationalism’s influence on U.S.foreign policy is uncertain,as societal shifts and evolving global dynamics may prompt a reevaluation of its role in shaping America’s international actions.Overall,the paper provides a nuanced analysis of how Christian nationalism has intertwined with U.S.foreign policy and how its influence might evolve in the future.

Impact of Land Use Change on Ecosystem Services Values in Danjiangkou Reservoir Area,China in the Context of National Water Network Project Construction

Investigating the ecological impact of land use change in the context of the construction of national water network project is crucial,as it is imperative for achieving the sustainable development goals of the national water network and guaranteeing regional ecological stability.Using the Danjiangkou Reservoir Area(DRA),China as the study area,this paper first examined the spatiotemporal dynamics of natural landscape patterns and ecosystem service values(ESV)in the DRA from 2000 to 2018 and then investigated the spatial clustering characteristics of the ESV using spatial statistical analysis tools.Finally,the patch-generating land use simulation(PLUS)model was used to simulate the natural landscape and future changes in the ESV of the DRA from 2018 to 2028 under four different development scenarios:business as usual(BAU),economic development(ED),ecological protection(EP),and shoreline protection(SP).The results show that:during 2000-2018,the construction of water facilities had a significant impact on regional land use/land cover(LULC)change,with a 24830 ha increase in watershed area.ESV exhibited an increasing trend,with a significant and growing spatial clustering effect.The transformation of farmland to water bodies led to accelerated ESV growth,while the transformation of forest land to farmland led to a decrease in the ESV.Normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)had the strongest effect on the ESV.ESV exhibited a continuous increase from 2018 to 2028 under all the simulation scenarios.The EP scenario had the greatest increase in ESV,while the ED scenario had the smallest increase.The findings suggest that projected land use patterns under different scenarios have varied impacts on ecosystem services(ESs)and that the management and planning of the DRA should balance social,economic,ecological,and security benefits.nomic,ecological,and security benefits.

民族,国族和Nation:安德森Nationalism理论的误译问题

安德森写的《想象的共同体》,早已成为nationalism理论经典,受到了台湾和大陆学界的热捧。但是na-tion一词翻译大有问题,原本nation涵盖了中文"民族","国族"两重意义,单纯译为"民族"不妥。从分析这一误译出发,作者指出《想象的共同体》一书的论述逻辑有将欧洲历史经验泛化的嫌疑,nationalism论述包含语音中心主义不适于中国语言文化,nationalism中的宗教因素和殖民地流动因素在中国历史文化并不适用。

Nationalism Reflected in Barometer Rising

Hugh MacLennan is a famous Canadian novelist and essayist. In his long literary career, he wrote a great number of works and gained many literary honors. But above all, he is a writer, focusing on national issues of Canada, which is well demonstrated by his first novel-Barometer Rising, in which nationalism abounds. This paper covers three parts. Chapter one is mainly about Hugh MacLennan, his first work Barometer Rising as well as the introduction to nationalism and MacLennan's contribution in fiction in this respect. Chapter two focuses on nationalism in his first novel. The last chapter is the conclusion part in which we know that well awakened, the Canadians are striving to pursue their real independence and status on the international stage.

Abe's Nationalism and His Policy Practice

Nationalism threatens to imbue modern Japan with a rationale for increased militarism.Post-war nationalism was a reason Japan had launched war abroad,but the reinvigoration of Japanese nationalism is burgeoning under two-term Prime Minister Shinzo Abe.His sense of nationalism,which has domestic and international repercussions,has developed under the influence of his family political genes.Abe's nationalism is being carried out in internal and external policies,with increasingly negative impact on domestic and regional order.The international community should remain vigilant of his right-wing politics.

The“Strong Nationalism”Fallacy

Strong nationalism has now become a buzzword in Western press or academiccomments on China and also an important argument for the“China threat”. SomeWestern scholars assert that rising Chinese nationalism will lead to external expan-sion and hegemonism. Not a few Western scholars have challenged this

Pros and Cons of Nationalism

This paper considers the debate that has developed in studies of pros and cons of nationalism. Nationalism deals with identification of a nation, group, or country. It is believed or viewed within a multicultural state. Nationalism can be defined as national pride or patriotism. This is not a new idea, it has been for centuries, but the concept has changed, in general, nationalism is described more negative concepts as opposed to more positive ones. Nowadays nationalism is linked either directly or implicitly to racism. Nationalism plays a great role in world politics today. There is also another negative argument that can include the belief that one state is superior to all of the other states. This paper begins by defining the pros and cons of nation and nationalism. The topic of pros and cons of nationalism creates one of the most important issues in the world today, and the issue promises to continue to the next century. People should be acknowledged in order to develop and increase their awareness and understanding of nationalism. This study also examines the importance and unimportance of nationalism in a country. The paper uses quantitative method with survey questionnaire. The structured questionnaire has been used to collect data and asked teachers and students. The paper uses content analysis in this part within the framework of the qualitative method. The respondents have quite diverse backgrounds which is very important to have a wider perspective, The results of this study show that there have been diverse views regarding the term nationalism. It has been found out that the teachers and students have not been quite comfortable and positive regarding the nationalism,

A New Round of Global Technological Nationalism and Its Impacts

Technological nationalism,already being transformed into policy in some countries,could stymie the globalization of science and technology.Growing out from their development and security demands,countries are attempting to safeguard their national interests in the field of science and technology.This resurgence of technological democracy is related to the strategic value of a technology edge,and the intensification of tendencies toward pan-security and trade protectionism.To alleviate technological nationalism,engagement at multiple levels is required to reduce public concern about technical security and the monopoly of science and technology giants when incorporated into technological governance.To reduce the risk of technological advances at the global level atrophying,countries need to be more proactive about technological nationalism and,instead,seek to establish mutual trust.

Secularization in the Holy Land： Challenges for the State- Secularism and Nationalism in Israel

Israel is on the way to become a secular state. Parts of the society are separating from the religious authority. Under the international pressure of the globalization it is getting more important for Israel to integrate in the western interpretation of secularization. It seems that a secular Israel could resolve the political and social inequality between the ethnic groups. But the process of secularization causes a couple of problems in the society. Since years Israel is on the move to fred his identity in a pluralistic and globalized world. The religious affiliation is decreasing in Israel. People do not believe privately anymore. In public it is still demonstrated, that Israel is united in the religious beliefs. Nationalism regains strength in Israel and causes new conflicts. This qualitative work based on hermeneutic and media analyses will show how problematic the way of secularization is and that the society will be probably even more unequal than before. If Israel is losing his ties of religious beliefs it needs to find a new identity But the increase of secularization causes also the increase of nationalism. Nationalism and in his extreme forms of religious nationalism or ethnocentrism will jeopardize equality under the population. Thus, the question has to be answered if a secular Israel will be more open, pluralistic or equal and fmaUy better prepared to meet the challenges of the politically unstable Middle East region and the globalization.

Buddhist Nationalism as Social Movement in Political Transition:MaBaTha Movement in Myanmar

Aggressive Buddhist nationalism has emerged as a considerable societal issue in Myanmar and a threat to peaceful coexistence in this multi-religious and multi-ethnic country since the political transition.The paper argues that the integration of strong religious capacity and strong political needs is the main reason for the rapid development of Buddhist nationalism in Myanmar since 2011.To be specific,strong religious capacity provides possibilities,and strong political needs create the necessity for the rapid development of Buddhist nationalism.Taking the MaBaTha movement as an example,the paper concludes the developing trajectory and characteristics of the movement.In terms of strong religious capability of Buddhism,the authority and legitimacy of Buddhism in Myanmar lay the foundation for the emergence and expansion of MaBaTha;on the other hand,powerful social network of Buddhism and the extensive community service provided by Buddhist organizations makes MaBaTha have strong mobilization capabilities.In terms of strong domestic political needs,the economic and social realities during the period of political transition made MaBaTha’s claims be widely accepted in Myanmar,and political elites’mobilization form was the driving force for the organization’s rapid development.Finally,four suggestions are put forward on how to tackle the challenges brought by Buddhist nationalism in Myanmar.

Muslim Identity in Contemporary China Through the Lens of Chinese Nationalism

This article focuses on the concept of Chinese nationalism as a building and unifying tool of the nation.The Uyghurs are taken as a Muslim representative ethnic group in China as its forced Sinicization is the focus of global discussion,and the contention between the Uyghurs and the China state has become an international problem and a political headache for Beijing.This primarily Muslim group is one of the most numerous ethnic minorities in China,and has been affected by the assimilation policies adopted by the Chinese authorities with the purpose of strengthening the Chinese nation-state.The rise of national spirit in Chinese youth is unquestionable.Nation building has succeeded in almost all provinces.Only in a few of them does the state have to launch special educational and ideological programs,and sometimes resort to coercion to be successful.The aim of this article is to demonstrate that the Chinese nation building project is not complete despite the great efforts of the authorities.

The West and the Middle East： Liberal Nationalism, Instrumental Nationalism

This paper argues that there is no real nationalism in the Middle East and if is, then it is an instrumental. The historical process of the region which relates to nationalism has had three stages： （1） the European conquest that forced the indigenous people to battle both for freedom and confront a secular idea such as nationalism; （2） arbitrarily marked borders by the West disregarding ethnic religious and tribal lines and affinity; （3） the creation of Arab nation states with no solid infrastructure of shared national values. This perspective can help understand current political developments in light of the Arab spring upheavals, in Iraq, Syria and Libya.

Confronting Nuclear Tyranny: Role of Eco-nationalism in Development of Environmental Movement in Ukraine

In the USSR there has never been a “pure” environmental movement. Dictate of Moscow in decision-making led to the location of a disproportionately large number of the nuclear power stations and industrial enterprises on the territory of Ukraine. Chernobyl accident demonstrated the consequences of this approach and became the symbol of inequality of relations between the member nations in the Soviet Union. Therefore, environmentalism and nationalism in many Soviet Republics had convergence albeit to varying degrees. The purpose of this research is to contribute to the further understanding and interpretation of the concept of eco-nationalism, proposed by J. Dawson. The article demonstrates that the basis for its development in Ukrainian USSR was not only the Chernobyl accident, but also the expansion of the nuclear facilities in Ukraine (what can be considered nuclear tyranny) along with the existence of a large number of industrial enterprises that polluted the environment. The article also explores the role of nationalism in the originating the environmental movement in the republic.

Post-operative morbidity after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and resection for gallbladder cancer: A national surgical quality improvement program analysis

BACKGROUND Gallbladder cancer is the most common malignancy of the biliary tract.Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy(NACT)has improved overall survival by enabling R0 resection.Currently,there is no consensus of guidelines for neoadjuvant therapy in gallbladder cancer.As investigations continue to analyze the regimen and benefit of NACT for ongoing care of gallbladder cancer patients,we examined American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program(NSQIP)database to determine if there was higher morbidity among the neo-adjuvant group within the 30-day post-operative period.We hypothesized patients who underwent NACT were more likely to have higher post-operative morbidity.AIM To investigate the 30-day post-operative morbidity outcomes between patients who received NACT and underwent surgery and patients who only had surgery.METHODS A retrospective analysis of the targeted hepatectomy NSQIP data between 2015 and 2019 was performed to determine if NACT in gallbladder cancer increased the risk for post-operative morbidity(bile leak,infection rate,rate of converting to open surgery,etc.)compared to the group who only had surgery.To calculate the odds ratio for the primary and secondary outcomes,a crude logistic regression was performed.RESULTS Of the 452 patients,52 patients received NACT prior to surgery.There were no statistically significant differences in the odds of morbidity between the two groups,including bile leak[odds ratio(OR),0.69;95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.16-2.10;P=0.55],superficial wound infection(OR,0.58;95%CI:0.03-3.02;P=0.61),and organ space wound infection(OR,0.63;95%CI:0.18-1.63;P=0.61).CONCLUSION There was no significant difference in the risk of 30-day post-operative morbidity between the NACT and surgery group and the surgery only group.

The Powerful Rise of Hindu Nationalism and Its Impact

Hindu nationalism was bom during India’s struggle for national independence in the 19th century,and its core tenet is the establishment of a state ruled by Hinduism.It stands together with secularism as one of the two major sociopolitical trends in India.Since the start of its rule in 2014,the Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)has pursued a series of policies promoting the powerful rise of Hinduism as the mainstream ideology in Indian society.Although Hindu nationalism focuses on domestic affairs,it has imperceptibly shaped IndiaJ s foreign policy,and thus it has an ongoing influence on India,s relations with other major countries as well as its neighbors.As such,it has formed an important perspective and indispensible factor in observing India’s diplomacy.In the future,this momentum will continue to rise with the influence of Hindu nationalist organizations such as the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh(RSS)continuing to expand,but it will face challenges from the traditional trends of thought such as secularism and pluralism.

Uses and Abuses of Nationalism in Contemporary Croatian Football

The paper argues that in the contemporary world,politics and football,especially professional football,are closely connected.This interplay is often expressed through a strong presence of nationalism,both as ideology and political practice in the social fields where football and politics overlap.Since Croatia gained its independence,it has been among the countries where many protagonists of the most popular sport and politics are linked by a strong bond.That bond is strongly marked by various shapes of nationalism,from collective perception of the national team as an ideal symbol of the young nation and frequent overstatements of its connection with the nation made by many sympathizers and protagonists of football in Croatia,to chauvinist and politically extremist behaviour of one part of the fans.The essential research question is what the prevalent causes and patterns of use and abuse of nationalism in contemporary Croatian football are.The paper displays the results based on the triangulation of various research methods,particularly the ones that lead to relevant data on the complex and diverse(objective,subjective,and constructed)experience of nationalism among the organized fans in Croatia,to observing and participating,talking with fan club members,to exploring media production and political communication pertinent to this topic.

Kazakh Nationalism in Eurasian Context

This abstract has concerned primarily with the new look to the stages of post-Soviet Kazakh nationalism development embedded in context of Eurasian concept. Could we prove true widely held predictions about future strengthening of nationalists＇ position in post-crisis country？ As we state, opposite to above mentioned ideas, the more Kazakhstan would be involved in to Russian politics orbit which means further movement to Eurasian ＂path＂ the more undermined should be Kazakh nationalists conventional certainties. Moreover, one of the world crisis consequences could be displayed in leadership authoritarian tendencies strengthening. The latter undoubtedly ought to erode Kazakh nationalists＇ position.

Neoteric Nationalism in India: Secular or Religious?

The nationalism in India emerged with the national movement as an urge of political independence,but it is not necessarily a derivative of nationalism.In this post-independence period,the concept took a drastic change from politico-cultural nationalism to particularistic nationalism of many groups and now essentially religious nationalism.The present blend of nationalism is interpreted as Hindu nationalism.It evolved from nationhood to nationalism.In this open world,Indian nationalism has been unrolled with a Hindu dominating policy due to which religion in India got politicized.The surge of religion is too high in India has become an important political agenda.It has shuttered the participation of the religious minority from the mainstream of politics.This paper is an endeavour to present this new discourse of Indian nationalism which emerged at the backdrop ofHinduism.

The Role of Social Networks as a Public Sphere During the Rise of Chinese Cybernationalism

The nationalism is gradually expanding among the Chinese internauts,but few investigations about the Chinese nationalism’s dissemination over social networks have been done.This study focuses on the structure of social networks used by the Chinese cybernationalists,and their contribution as a public sphere to the Chinese nationalism will be examined,which leads to the understanding of the informational attribute of the Chinese cybernationalism.Also,the communication model showed by the social networks will be defined,so the role of the opinion leaders during the rise of Chinese nationalism can be evaluated.