Effects of Floating Ring Bearing Manufacturing Tolerance Clearances on the Dynamic Characteristics for Turbocharger

The inner and outer oil film dynamic characteristic coefficients of floating ring bearings（FRBs） change due to the manufacturing tolerance of the floating ring, journal and intermediate, which leads to high-speed turbocharger＇s vibration too large and even causes nonlinear vibration accident. However, the investigation of floating ring bearing manufacturing tolerance clearance on the rotordynamic characteristics is less at present. In order to study the influence law of inner and outer clearance on turbocharger vibration, the rotor dynamic motion equations of turbocharger supported in FRBs are derived by analyzing the size relations between floating ring, journal and intermediate for the inner and outer oil film clearances, the time transient response analysis for combination of FRBs clearance are developed. A realistic turbocharger is taken as a research object, the FE model of the turbocharger with FRBs is modeled. Under the conditions of four kinds of limit state bearing clearances for inner and outer oil film, the nonlinear transient analyses are performed based on the established FE dynamic models of the nonlinear rotor-FRBs system applied incentive combinations of gravity and unbalance force, respectively. From the waterfall, the simulation results show that the speed for the appearance of fractional frequency is not identical and the amplitude magnitude is different under the four kinds of bearing manufacturing tolerance limit clearances, and fractional frequency does not appear in the turbocharger and the amplitude is minimum under the ODMin/IDMax bearing manufacturing tolerance clearances. The turbocharger vibration is reduced by controlling the manufacturing tolerance clearance combinations of FRBs, which is helpful for the dynamic design and production-manufacturing of high-speed turbocharger.

Influence of Structural Parameters of Turbocharger Floating Bearing on Its Dynamic Characteristic Coefficients

The structure parameters in an actual industrial production have a great influence on the coefficient of supercharger floating bearing dynamic characteristics,but there has been little systematic study so far.In this paper,the influence of structural parameters of the turbocharger floating bearing on its dynamic characteristic coefficientsis systematically investigated based on the theories of hydrodynamic lubrication and tribology.The influence of clearance ratio on eccentricity and the influence of internal to external radius ratios,and Sommerfeld number were analyzed.A new formula of responding characteristics of the oil film force caused by the displacement or velocity disturbance was deduced near an equilibrium in the steady state.Applying the newly developed formula,the dynamic characteristic was studied for floating bearings.Regularity for change of oil film stiffness and damping was analyzed with the structural parameters of floating bearing such as radius ratios and eccentricity.It has been found that the clearance ratio increases with eccentricity when the radius ratio is unchanged.The eccentricity decreases with the internal to external radius ratio of floating rings when the clearance ratio is constant.The absolute value of total principal stiffness and total main damping decrease with the clearance ratio and radius ratio of floating rings when the total cross damping is stable.The results and findings in this paper can contribute to nonlinear dynamics designs of turbocharger rotor-bearing systems.

Effects of Semi-floating Ring Bearing Outer Clearance on the Subsynchronous Oscillation of Turbocharger Rotor

Semi-floating ring bearing（SFRB） is developed to control the vibration of turbocharger rotor. The outer clearance of SFRB affects the magnitude and frequency of nonlinear whirl motion, which is significant for the design of turbocharger. In order to explore the effects of outer clearance, a transient finite element analysis program for rotor and oil film bearing is built and validated by a published experimental case. The nonlinear dynamic behaviors ofrotor-SFRB system are simulated. According to the simulation results, two representative subsynchronous oscillations excited by the two hearings respectively are discovered. As the outer clearance of SFRB increases from 24 ~tm to 60 pro, the low-frequency subsynchronous oscillation experiences three steps, including a strong start, a gradual recession and a combination with the other one. At the same time, the high-frequency subsynchronous oscillation starts to appear gradually, then strengthens, and finally combines. If gravity and unbalance are neglected, the combination will start starts from high rotor speed and extents to low rotor speed, just like a ＂zipper＂. It is found from the quantitative analysis that when the outer clearance increases, the vibration amplitude experiences large value firstly, then reduction, and suddenly increasing after combination. A useful design principle of SFRB outer clearance for minimum vibration amplitude is proposed： the outer clearance value should be chosen to keep the frequency of two subsynchronous oscillations clearly separated and their amplitudes close.

Rotor dynamic analysis of small vehicle gasoline turbocharger in semi-floating bearings

The critical speed and unbalance response of a small vehicle gasoline turbocharger in semi-floating bearing are analyzed.The dynamical characters of semi-floating bush bearing used in small vehicle gasoline turbocharger were summarized by comparing the structure and shaft rigid mode of semi-floating bush bearings with those of floating bush bearings.The rotor model was built.The first,second and third mode of critical speeds of rotor system were computed,and the changes in the compressor or turbine bushing bearing clearances were analyzed.Compared with the experiment data,the accuracy and the rationality of computation model were verified.The unbalance response and time transient rotor response were also computed.

One-Step-Installation of Offshore Wind Turbine on Large-Scale Bucket-Top-Bearing Bucket Foundation

In 2010,the first offshore wind turbine with integrated installation was established in Qidong sea area of Jiangsu Province,China,which led to the implementation phase of one-step-installation technique based on the design and construction of large-scale bucket-top-bearing (LSBTB) bucket foundation.The critical technique of LSBTB bucket foundation included self-floating towing,penetration with adjustment of horizontal levelness,removability and one-step-installation.The process of one-step-installation included the prefabrication of LSBTB bucket foundation in onshore construction base,installation and debugging of wind power,overall water transportation of foundation and wind power system,and installation of foundation and offshore wind turbine on the appointed sea area.The cost of one-step-installation technique was about 5 000 Yuan/kW,which was 30%-50% lower than that of the existing technique.The prefabrication of LSBTB bucket foundation took about two months.During the one-step-installation process,the installation and debugging of wind power and overall water transportation need about one to two days in sea area within 35 m depth.After the proposed technique is industrialized,the cost will be further reduced,and the installation capacity is expected to be up to 500 wind turbines per year.

井底压力下牙轮钻头浮动套轴承性能分析

为了探究井底压力下215.9 mm牙轮钻头浮动套轴承的平衡转速比、摩擦学性能、油膜压力分布随内外间隙比的变化规律,修正了考虑浮动套轴承实际井下环境压力和牙轮钻头密封压差的Reynolds边界条件,利用MATLAB中的PDE Toolbox对浮动套轴承Reynolds方程进行数值求解,分析内外间隙比对浮动套轴承平衡转速比、油膜压力及摩擦因数的影响规律,结果表明:当环境压力为60 MPa、密封压差为20 MPa时,随内外间隙比增加,浮动套平衡转速比呈现先增大后减小的趋势;以轴承的摩擦因数和油膜压力作为综合评价指标,钻头浮动套轴承内外间隙比为2.0时,轴承的摩擦因数较小,油膜压力较高,其轴承综合性能较优;而当浮动套轴承内外间隙比为2.0时,随着环境压力的升高,浮动套轴承的摩擦扭矩和摩擦因数增加,从而加剧轴承的磨损。该研究为牙轮钻头浮动套轴承的结构参数优化及性能提升提供了基础理论支撑。

某上浮地下车库结构检测及加固处理方案

某在建地下车库发生上浮事故,结构上拱现象严重,结构构件出现不同程度的损伤。事故发生后对该工程及时采取了临时应急措施。通过详尽的结构检测,精准定位了地下车库的上浮影响范围,全面掌握了受影响构件的损伤情况。根据检测结果,结合原始设计资料和现场实际施工状况,分析了地下车库上浮的主要因素及构件损伤的机理。对上浮影响区域的结构采取了注浆、补桩、构件置换等针对性的加固措施。本工程处理后取得了良好的效果,可为其他类似工程提供参考。

浮环弹性变形对浮环动静压轴承润滑特性的影响

浮环轴承在高速工况下运行时,浮环表面在油膜压力作用下会发生弹性变形,影响轴承润滑性能。针对带有深浅腔的浮环动静压轴承,采用有限元法和有限差分法耦合求解油膜Reynolds方程、能量方程和温黏关系式,采用变形矩阵法求解弹性变形方程,计算浮环弹性变形分布;在浮环平衡的基础上,分析浮环变形对环速比、油膜承载力、端泄流量等润滑特性参数的影响。结果表明:浮环弹性变形分布与油膜压力分布呈现一致性,转速越高,偏心越大,变形越明显;考虑浮环弹性变形,浮环达到平衡状态时,内膜偏心率增加,环速比减小,轴承承载力与摩擦力矩均有所增加;由于浮环变形对内、外膜间隙及流动液阻的不同影响,使得内膜端泄流量增加,外膜端泄流量减少。

抗浮锚杆极限荷载现场试验及抗拔承载力预测

基于青岛某工程抗浮锚杆的极限承载力现场拉拔试验,对抗浮锚杆荷载-位移规律进行分析,明确“一锚多筋”型抗浮锚杆破坏形式、破坏机理,同时,采用三次多项式函数预测极限上拔位移下抗浮锚杆的抗拔承载力。研究表明:锚杆的荷载-位移曲线呈“缓变-陡升”型;锚-岩界面黏结强度较小,抗浮锚杆主要产生锚固体拔出破坏;规范公式预测值存在较大偏差。通过三次多项式函数的回归分析,杆体位移的误差控制在10%以内,且锚杆杆体位移小于20 mm时,预测精度最高可达97.4%。研究结果对该地层抗浮锚杆的设计与工程应用具有一定的参考价值。

小车式起落架地面载荷与漂浮性分析

飞机起落架与道面的相容性对飞机的地面运动能力具有重要影响。针对某大型飞机计算不同工况下其起落架载荷及轮胎载荷分配,采用基于韦斯特加德层板理论的波特兰水泥协会法和基于加利福尼亚承载比的美国陆军工程兵团方法,计算不同着陆工况、地面机动工况、轮胎数量、轮胎泄气工况、轮胎间距对飞机等级数的影响,分析刚性道面和柔性道面下的飞机漂浮性。结果表明:垂直过载和机轮泄气带来的轮胎载荷增大与载荷分配不均,都会在不同程度上减弱飞机的漂浮性,尤其是转弯和机尾下沉着陆工况需要予以限制;轮胎数量和轮胎间距的增加可以改善漂浮性,需同时考虑结构设计、强度裕度等来优化设计小车式起落架构造。

临江滨海强透水环境建筑工程载水减浮关键技术研究

结构抗浮设计是确保临江滨海强透水环境建筑工程安全的关键。依托广州某临江建筑工程,提出“载水减浮”概念。载水减浮新技术借助疏水、泄水等手段自主控制水位自溢泄流、均匀泄压,消除部分水浮力,充分利用有利荷载抵抗超出部分水浮力。搭建集地下水疏导、排泄、观测等多功能于一体的载水减浮系统。详细介绍载水减浮技术的施工步骤、要点、需妥善处理的问题及运维要求等。结果表明,载水减浮新技术具有成本低、工期短、环境影响小、施工便利等显著优势;解决了传统抗浮技术运用于临江滨海强透水环境建筑工程造价高、工期长、耐久性差的难题,最大程度实现依靠结构自身抵抗地下水浮力的目标,达到经济和安全的平衡。该抗浮新技术经验证后可推广至后续类似临江滨海强透水环境建筑工程的设计中。

基于PSB钢筋的高强度锚杆精细分区抗浮及受力分析

随着建筑物地下室的埋深增加、地下水位升高以及极端恶劣天气的影响,对抗浮锚杆的性能提出了更高的要求,传统抗浮锚杆的局限性日益明显。为了解决建筑物因不同区域结构自重和地下室底板埋深差异带来的抗浮难题,本文通过精细分区抗浮设计,采用精轧螺纹钢筋代替普通钢筋的高强度扩大头抗浮锚杆解决了抗浮问题,其单根抗浮锚杆的抗拔承载力为560 kN,在最大试验荷载840 kN作用下锚头最大位移仅为5.25~9.97 mm,平均值为7.91 mm,卸荷后回弹率为18.09%~46.26%,未出现破坏,展现了优越的性能。高强度扩大头抗浮锚杆存在3种类型的应力-应变模式,(压密)-预应力抵消-扩大头端压是抗浮锚杆的理想应力-应变模式,其在1120 kN荷载作用下仍能保持正常维持收敛,且抗拔承载力为560 kN时仅处于预应力抵消阶段,仍具有很大的承载潜力。

抗浮锚杆技术介绍及工程特性研究

近年来工程抗浮事故频发,抗浮锚杆在结构设计中常被用作抵抗地下水浮力的处理手段之一。然而,目前对抗浮锚杆的抗拔承载性能的研究仍存在不足,缺乏对锚杆的杆体受力理论、荷载传递机理和长期承载特性的研究。本文详细介绍了不同类型的抗浮锚杆以及抗浮锚杆的施工过程,并基于某实际工程项目开展了抗浮锚杆的现场静载试验。通过现场试验对抗浮锚杆的抗拔承载特性、抗拔承载力理论计算公式和长期承载特性进行了分析和研究,并将抗浮锚杆的抗拔性能和传统静压桩基的抗拔性能进行了对比分析。研究结果表明:双折线模型理论计算公式可以较好地模拟实测的抗浮锚杆抗拔荷载-位移曲线,能够为后续抗浮锚杆工程的设计提供理论参考;抗浮锚杆相比于传统静压桩基具有较好的抗拔承载性能,抗浮锚杆是一种安全可靠的地下工程抗浮设计的选择;采用抗浮锚杆的地下室长期监测数据显示,地下室最大累计上浮位移基本在1.1 mm以下,说明抗浮锚杆的长期承载特性较好。

Boundary element method of hydrodynamic characteristics of lubricant in three-leaf dislocated floating-ring bearing

The problem of hydrodynamics of the three-leaf dislocated floating-ring bearing was studied by means of boundary element method.The law including the distribution of pressure on boundary surface(axial,bearing and floating-ring)and its friction loss in different eccentricities was obtained.The results show that the inner friction of three-leaf dislocated bearing increases from 390.875to 1 091.65,and the inner friction of three-leaf dislocated floating-ring bearing increases from 94.2523to 114.5069with eccentricity varying from 0to 0.075in nondimensional.So changing the pressure and flow field of bearing by adding floating-ring is more stability and less wasted work of friction than three-leaf dislocated bearing.

抗浮锚杆受力特性试验研究进展

随着基础埋深不断加大,建(构)筑物的抗浮问题愈加严重,抗浮锚杆在城市建设中得到了广泛应用。充分掌握抗浮锚杆的受力特性并厘清抗浮锚杆在长期荷载作用下力学性能的动态演化规律是保证抗浮结构安全、可靠的前提。为此,围绕抗浮锚杆的工作原理、应力传递机制、承载特性以及蠕变性能等方面分析和评述国内外的相关研究现状。首先从抗浮锚杆的工作原理、破坏形式出发,分别对纤维增强复合材料(fiber reinforced polymer, FRP)抗浮锚杆和钢筋抗浮锚杆应力传递机制进行讨论和对比分析;从理论计算、试验研究与数值模拟三个方面对抗浮锚杆的承载特性进行阐述;进而对抗浮锚杆处于长期荷载、循环荷载作用下的蠕变性能进行归纳总结。最后梳理了抗浮锚杆在工程应用中存在的不足,同时为非金属抗浮锚杆在侵蚀环境中的服役性能提出了研究与发展方向。

微孔节流气体静压止推轴承跨缝过程时变特性研究

目前,大型气浮平台均采用花岗岩平台拼接而成,平台拼缝会对实验效果产生一定影响。针对上述问题,以微孔节流气体静压轴承运动中经过平台拼缝时的时变特性为研究对象,建立微孔节流止推轴承物理模型,并使用CFD软件与UDF相结合的动网格技术实现轴承跨越平台拼缝的动态过程仿真,研究不同气膜厚度、进气口压力、平台拼缝位置对轴承承载力和压力分布的影响。结果表明:当平台拼缝到达微孔分布圆附近时承载力急速下降,且平台拼缝到达轴承中心时承载力下降到最小值;随着气膜厚度的增加,轴承承载力的最大损失比例随之增加,并最终稳定到0.6;平台拼缝位于供气孔分布圆之外时,轴承边缘与平台拼缝之间的承载面将失效;通过增加进气口压力,轴承承载力整体有明显提升,但承载力损失速度也明显加快。

油孔数目对浮环轴承润滑静特性的影响

以浮环轴承为研究对象,基于多相流理论建立其润滑有限元模型,推导摩擦功耗、内外油膜与所接触的固体元件的温升的解析表达式;利用FLUENT求解器与其自定义函数接口(UDF)对模型进行仿真计算;综合考虑试验条件的局限性,拓展在仿真计算中的轴颈角速度范围,进一步分析宽域润滑工况下浮动环均布的油孔数目对摩擦功耗、温升、浮动环转速、端泄流量等润滑静特性参数的影响。结果表明:浮动环油孔数目的增加会在一定程度上增大轴承内间隙润滑油的注入量;浮动环油孔数目越多,端泄温升越小,内外间隙变形越小,浮动环转速越快;浮动环油孔数目对内外油膜的摩擦功耗和油膜变化率的影响较小,对浮动环转速和内外油膜的端泄流量的影响较大。该研究为浮环轴承的设计和静特性分析提供了可靠的实验依据。

拖曳锚在浮式风机中的设计计算方法

海上浮式风电具有广阔的发展前景,而高昂的建造成本是阻碍其发展的关键因素。拖曳锚因其制造和安装成本低廉,成为浮式风电锚固基础的一种选择。以黏土场地为背景,通过采用经验图表法、理论计算方法以及有限元方法对黏土场地拖曳锚的贯入深度以及承载力进行了计算。结果表明,厂家提供的经验方法的计算精度较低,适用于拖曳锚的初始选型;理论计算方法对土体的抗剪强度较为敏感;有限元分析显示,拖曳锚的埋深是控制拖曳锚承载力的关键因素;根据上述计算结果提出了浮式风机拖曳锚设计计算的流程。计算结果显示,在进行拖曳锚设计计算时,需要根据流程并谨慎选择土体的抗剪强度,以保证工程的安全可靠。

基于CFD浮环轴承润滑性能仿真分析及优化设计

浮环轴承具有双层油膜、体积小、稳定性好等特点。为了得到船用柴油机浮环轴承润滑性能的变化规律,基于计算流体力学(CFD)对油膜进行数值计算模拟,并在此基础上对浮环结构进行优化设计。计算结果表明,浮环稳定运转时,滚轮转速越高,油膜表面压力越大,油膜承载力越大;不同进口油压对油膜表面压力分布并没有太大影响。

Interference torque of a three-floated gyroscope with gas-lubricated bearings subject to a sudden change of the specific force

A numerical study is carried out to investigate the influence of a sudden change of the specific force on a three-floated gyroscope with a rotor supported on gas-lubricated bearings.The interference torque is calculated to evaluate the influence by modeling the transient behavior of the rotor-bearing system. In combination with dynamic equations of the rotor displacement,the Reynolds equation is solved on the surface of spiral-grooved conical bearings. It is assumed that a steady state has been obtained with a constant specific force, and then the specific force is suddenly changed and maintained constant after that. Responses of the sudden change are obtained by solving the equations. Numerical results show that the direction of the sudden change of the specific force is the main factor which influences the interference torque curve. With a sudden change along the input direction, the interference torque fluctuation has a constant frequency and a decreasing amplitude. With a sudden change along the output direction, the interference torque fluctuates in a small range. With a sudden change along the spin direction, the change of the interference torque combines a fluctuation and a gradually-changing quasi-equilibrium value. This study provides a supplement to the steady-state error model of the three-floated gyroscope.