Construction Activity Analysis of Workers Based on Human Posture Estimation Information

Identifying workers’construction activities or behaviors can enable managers to better monitor labor efficiency and construction progress.However,current activity analysis methods for construction workers rely solely on manual observations and recordings,which consumes considerable time and has high labor costs.Researchers have focused on monitoring on-site construction activities of workers.However,when multiple workers are working together,current research cannot accu rately and automatically identify the construction activity.This research proposes a deep learning framework for the automated analysis of the construction activities of multiple workers.In this framework,multiple deep neural network models are designed and used to complete worker key point extraction,worker tracking,and worker construction activity analysis.The designed framework was tested at an actual construction site,and activity recognition for multiple workers was performed,indicating the feasibility of the framework for the automated monitoring of work efficiency.

Influential Factors of House-purchasing Intention in Work construction Sites among Migrant Workers with a Case of Investigations on 203 Migrant Workers from Jiangxi Province

The research selected 13 factors from individual and family characters, construction site characters and work characters and analyzed the influences on the willingness of purchasing houses on construction sites with Logistic regression mod- el. The results showed that gender, age differences, personality, willingness on fami- ly land conversion, management of enterprises on construction sites, relatives and friends on construction lands, and Job satisfaction were approved by significant testing, but marital status, annual household income, the rate of migrant worker in a household, transportation in work city, and corporate reputation were not approved by significant testing.

Automatic Recognition of Construction Worker Activities Using Deep Learning Approaches and Wearable Inertial Sensors

The automated evaluation and analysis of employee behavior in an Industry 4.0-compliant manufacturingfirm are vital for the rapid and accurate diagnosis of work performance,particularly during the training of a new worker.Various techniques for identifying and detecting worker performance in industrial applications are based on computer vision techniques.Despite widespread com-puter vision-based approaches,it is challenging to develop technologies that assist the automated monitoring of worker actions at external working sites where cam-era deployment is problematic.Through the use of wearable inertial sensors,we propose a deep learning method for automatically recognizing the activities of construction workers.The suggested method incorporates a convolutional neural network,residual connection blocks,and multi-branch aggregate transformation modules for high-performance recognition of complicated activities such as con-struction worker tasks.The proposed approach has been evaluated using standard performance measures,such as precision,F1-score,and AUC,using a publicly available benchmark dataset known as VTT-ConIoT,which contains genuine con-struction work activities.In addition,standard deep learning models(CNNs,RNNs,and hybrid models)were developed in different empirical circumstances to compare them to the proposed model.With an average accuracy of 99.71%and an average F1-score of 99.71%,the experimentalfindings revealed that the suggested model could accurately recognize the actions of construction workers.Furthermore,we examined the impact of window size and sensor position on the identification efficiency of the proposed method.

The study of KBP of road construction workers of highway AIDS prevention project before and after intervention

Objective:To get scientific basis for further health education through the research of the road construction workers'KBP before and after the interventions of highway AIDS prevention project.Methods:Multi-stage random sampling method was employeed to select workers of 8 sites from 14 sites along highway to investigate their AIDS knowledge,belief and performance(KBP)before and after highway AIDS prevention project.Results:Over 90%of the investigated workers had ever heard about AIDS,and the non-skilled workers of lower educational level improved more after intervention.The correct answer rate of the three transmitting ways of AIDS of drivers which is the focused group of highway before and after intervention had the obvious statistical significance(P<0.05),and the other group's correct answer rates also had improved after intervention.Most people's understanding of preventing AIDS through correct use of condoms when having sex had a statistically significanl differenee(P<0.05)after prevention.The rates of using condoms of foremen and skilled workers when having sex with commercial sex worker/casual partner increased after intervention.Conclusions:The health education of HIV among the road construction workers is effective and further health education of HIV prevention should be cairied out among the road construction workers to improve their knowledge and awareness of avoiding the high-risk behaviors.

Finding Cultural Differences and Motivation Factors of Foreign Construction Workers

The rapid inflow of foreign construction workers caused the reduction of labor productivity in the construction industry due to communication problems and cultural differences. This may lead to shortage of productivity and quality reduction. The cultural differences and motivation factors of foreign construction workers must be considered for effective and systematic manpower management. It is necessary to study foreign construction workers’ productivity factors that reflect cultural differences and motivation as the productivity and quality of the construction industry are subject to the work efficiency and high dependence of manpower. This study aimed to suggest effective productivity management plan considering cultural differences and motivation factors of foreign construction workers. For this purpose, the desire and motivation factors affecting on Korean workers and foreign construction workers were analyzed and the comparative analysis on the requirements by nationality was carried out. Accordingly, it is expected that this could contribute to the improvement of productivity, construction period, quality, safety and manpower management.

Risky Sexual Behaviour among Big Construction Enterprise Workers;Bahir Dar City, Amhara Regional State, Northwest Ethiopia

Background: Risky sexual behaviors are the major factors in rising sexually transmitted infections among adolescents and young adults. In Ethiopia construction industry is on increasing and deriving young people from rural area to the cities. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of risky sexual behaviour and factors associated with among construction workers. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in March 2012 among construction workers in Bahir Dar city. The analysis was carried out using SPSS version 16. The data were analyzed in bivariate and multivariate logistic regression. Result: The prevalence of risky sexual behavior among construction workers was 44.9%. Female workers were about four times more likely to have had risky sexual practices than males (AOR = 3.86, 95% CI: 2.34 - 6.37). Respondents whose educational level less than fourth grade were 12 times more likely to be engaged in risky sex than whose educational level tenth grade or more (AOR = 12.13, 95% CI: 1.84 - 79.78). Divorced individuals were about five times more likely to have had risky sexual activities than married individuals (AOR = 4.63, 95% CI: 1.32 - 16.12). Respondents whose first sexual commencement from 15 - 19 years were about three times more likely to have had risky sexual behavior than from 20 - 24 years (AOR = 2.89, 95% CI: 1.70 - 4.91). Besides, the odds of having risky sexual behaviour among construction workers who had sexual partner at the time of the study were about 0.6 times less likely to have had risky sexual behaviours than workers who did not have (AOR = 0.6, 95% CI: 0.38, 0.96). Conclusion: The prevalence of risky sexual behavior among construction workers was 44.9%. Variables such as sex, educational level, marital status, age at first sexual intercourse, presence of current sexual partner and casual sex were found to be independent predictors of risky sexual behaviour. Therefore, interventions targeting on these factors were recommended.

Examining the Impact of Welfare Facilities on Building Construction Employee’s Performance in the Eastern Region of Ghana

Building Construction employees essentially required sufficient welfare facilities such as a place for washing, shower, change over, eat and drink, a place to store and hang clothing. Yet, these fundamental necessities are regularly disregarded. Decent welfare facilities can absolutely promote health and well-being and can aid to avert contracting diseases at building construction site. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of welfare facilities on building construction workers performance in the Eastern Region Ghana. The objectives were to identify welfare facilities provided by building construction firms, evaluate the satisfaction level of building construction firms’ employees with welfare facilities in Eastern Region, and determine the relationship between provision of welfare facilities and employee’s performance. The study employed convenient sample to investigate 80 building construction employees through questionnaires administration. Data generated from the survey was further analyzed using SPSS, weighted mean formula was used to determine the mean ranking, and descriptive and inferential statistics such as mean score, percentages, frequencies and chi square were used. The study reveals that the extent of welfare facilities at various construction sites was almost unavailability of sanitary and toilet facilities, unavailability of washing facilities, and unavailability of changing room, whiles drinking water and locker facilities were available but not sufficient. The study further finds that construction employees are dissatisfied with the condition of welfare facilities provided at their various work places. The study finally concludes that if workers are provided with decent welfare facilities at various building construction sites, it will motivate them to improve performance. The study recommends that metropolitan, municipal and district authority (MMDAs) should set a task force to check the implementation of welfare facilities at construction site as the results are pointing woeful insufficiency of welfare facilities at Eastern Region construction firms in Ghana.

基于前因因素的建筑工人安全行为评价模型与应用

建筑项目中的事故主要与建筑工人的不安全行为有关,因此对建筑工人安全行为进行事前评价是预防事故发生的关键。首先通过文献可视化分析初步筛选建筑工人安全行为前因因素,结合专家意见构建建筑工人安全行为评价的指标体系;然后采用群决策改进的层次分析法确定各评价指标的综合权重,并建立可拓物元评价模型;最后对某施工项目建筑工人安全行为进行评价与分析,以验证模型的合理性和可靠性。结果表明:建筑工人安全行为评价指标中安全意识所占权重较高,是事故预防的重要因素;实例应用结果表明该项目建筑工人总体安全行为等级处于“Ⅲ级”为一般安全,说明该项目施工作业人员整体处于比较安全的水平;建筑工人个体安全行为的维度指标评价结果为正态分布或偏正态分布,表明该评价模型能够有效识别建筑工人的安全行为水平,可为建筑安全管理的研究和实践提供参考。

基于改进24Model-ISM-SNA建筑工人不安全行为关联路径研究

建筑施工现场环境复杂,为有效控制不安全行为发生,基于行为安全“2-4”模型对360份具有代表性的建筑安全事故调查报告进行分析,提取出22个不安全行为的主要影响因素。利用灰色关联分析方法(GRA)改进的集成ISM-SNA模型,将不安全行为风险因素划分为表层、过渡层与深层,然后对风险因素进行可视化分析、中心度分析及凝聚子群分析,揭示了各致因因素间的关联关系和传导路径。结果表明,建筑工人不安全行为影响因素可划分成7级3阶的多级递阶结构,安全意识、现场监管、外部环境是建筑工人不安全行为的关键影响因素,同时现场监管和隐患排查到位能有效降低不安全行为的发生。

从被动响应到主动应对:心理资本与安全动机对建筑工人前摄危险感知行为的双重差异影响

为促进建筑工人危险感知由被动向主动转变,减少安全事故发生,聚焦前摄危险感知行为。本文基于社会认知理论和自我决定理论,采用实证研究方法,重点探索心理资本与安全动机对建筑工人危险感知行为的主动性、前瞻性和变革性的双重差异影响,并考虑安全动机的调节作用。结果表明:相较于安全动机,心理资本对危险感知行为主动性、前瞻性和变革性的正向影响更强;在危险感知行为的主动性、变革性方面,韧性和自主安全动机的影响最强,且韧性影响作用更大;在危险感知行为的前瞻性方面,希望和受控安全动机影响最强,且希望影响作用更大;自主、受控安全动机在心理资本对前摄危险感知行为的细化影响中起有限调节作用。研究将前摄行为拓展到施工安全领域并聚焦危险感知情境,结果可为有效促进建筑工人危险感知由被动向主动转变提供科学建议,以有效预防安全事故。

以产业工人队伍建设改革推动发展新质生产力:驱动机理、现实约束与实践路径

加快发展新质生产力,需要培育和打造一支新型劳动者队伍。产业工人队伍建设改革作为全面深化改革的重要内容,既是一个以培养一大批高素质技术技能人才、大国工匠为核心的建设和发展命题,通过打造新型劳动者队伍培育形成新质生产力;同时又是一个基于经济和社会系统工程的改革命题,需要通过进一步深化改革,解决我国产业工人整体素质不高、收入水平低、待遇保障差、技能形成不完善、职业发展通道不畅等突出矛盾和问题,塑造与发展新质生产力相适应的生产关系。在实践中,应通过提升产业工人数字素养与技能、激发产业工人创新动力、提高产业工人收入水平、发挥国有企业示范引领作用等方式,为发展新质生产力提供支撑和保障。

基于Meta-SEM的建筑工人安全行为影响机制研究

为梳理建筑工人安全行为的前因变量并分析其影响机制,基于从众动机和计划行为理论,构建了建筑工人安全行为影响机制理论模型,运用元分析-结构方程模型(Meta-Structural Equation Modeling,Meta-SEM)法对国内外64项实证研究中的128个独立样本进行系统分析,以明确各前因变量与建筑工人安全行为的相互作用关系并探讨企业规模的调节作用。结果表明:在个体层面,安全意识、安全态度、安全动机与建筑工人安全行为的相关系数分别为0.663、0.513、0.509;在组织管理层面,安全氛围与建筑工人安全行为的相关系数为0.678;安全意识、安全态度、安全动机是安全氛围与建筑工人安全行为之间的中介变量;企业规模对安全意识、安全动机、安全氛围与建筑工人安全行为的关系间存在显著调节作用,其中,中小型企业的影响更显著。研究结论可为后续建筑工人安全行为研究提供一定的理论基础,也为建筑业管理者提供了管理依据。

产业工人队伍建设改革的理论与实践——一个文献综述

产业工人队伍建设改革是一个兼具政治性、时代性和创新性的议题。理论上,各界对产改议题的研究聚焦在意义、问题、机理等,主要内容包括深挖产改工作的重大意义、梳理产改存在的主要问题、把握产改工作的运行机理、探寻产改工作的一般规律。实践上,既重视对产业工人队伍现状的把握,又重视发挥互联网、激励机制的作用。作为产改工作的主要参与主体——企业、政府、工会与教育部门责任明晰、有序分工,特色做法层出不穷。新时代,发展背景、发展目标和推动主体的变化,对产改工作提出新要求,理论和实践层面的研究需要突破既定假设,让产改工作更契合发展实际、贴合社情民意。

计划行为视角下建筑工人不安全行为形成机理研究

厘清建筑工人不安全行为的成因对降低施工现场的事故发生率至关重要。为深入探究内因及外因对不安全行为的异质性影响,基于计划行为理论,同时考虑信念因素和情境因素的作用机理提出假设,并采用结构方程模型和分层回归模型加以实证检验。结果表明:(1)行为态度、主观规范和知觉行为控制通过不安全行为意向的中介作用,显著影响不安全行为的发生;(2)安全氛围和安全领导负向调节不安全行为意向对不安全行为的影响。从系统的角度阐释了信念因素与情境因素在建筑工人不安全行为产生过程中的不同作用,为项目管理者有效避免不安全行为的发生提供了理论依据。

新生代农民工职业适应能力的影响机制研究——自我职业管理的中介作用

社会职业呈现出多变化和无边界化的特征,对新生代农民工的职业适应能力提出了更高要求和挑战。基于职业建构理论,构建了新生代农民工的主动性人格和自我职业管理与其职业适应能力的关系模型。通过采用问卷调查研究方法,运用结构方程分析法对332份新生代农民工的样本数据进行了分析。研究结果表明新生代农民工的主动性人格和自我职业管理对其职业适应能力具有积极的影响作用,自我职业管理部分中介了主动性人格对职业适应能力的正向影响效应。研究认为应培养新生代农民工的主动性人格,加强对新生代农民工自我职业管理的培训与教育,强化新生代农民工的自我职业管理意识和行为,从而提升新生代农民工的职业适应能力,以促进他们的充分就业和职业发展。

平台工人数据可携带权:法理证成与制度构建

平台企业在用工过程中强化了对平台工人的数据收集与算法管理,平台工人的数据权利保护亟待提上日程。数据可携带权已经得到欧盟立法的确认,在我国,进一步明确平台工人的数据可携带权存在必要性,该权利的设立不仅有利于维护平台工人的人格利益、财产利益,还有利于保障其择业自由。然而,该制度的设立存在诸多难点,平台工人数据可携带权的适用对象的模糊可能导致数据权属争议,数据存储转移格式不统一将引发监管困难,还存在限制平台用工市场竞争的风险。宜从平台用工中不同主体义务的立法设置、平台工人数据可携带权的适用对象和数据存储转移标准三条进路,构建平台工人数据可携带权的制度,以充分保障平台工人的数据权利。

深度学习的工人多种不安全行为识别方法综述

随着深度学习的发展,目标检测和行为识别方法在工人不安全行为识别领域取得了较大进展,对近年来国内外相关研究工作进行系统性归纳,详细阐述了目标检测方法和行为识别方法中的常用模型和效果,重点评述了两类方法在不安全行为识别上的应用和两类方法结合使用的相关研究,对各种方法的优势、局限性、识别行为类别及适用场景进行了全面分析对比。在此基础上,针对近年来目标检测和行为识别的优化措施,总结了常用的优化方向和手段,归纳了在不安全行为识别上成功应用的改进方法,梳理了该研究领域的难点和问题,并给出建议和未来发展趋势展望,为该领域的研究提供参考和借鉴。

铁路隧道施工人员与安全风险节点映射关系模型设计及应用

施工人员既是铁路隧道施工安全风险发生的主要因素之一,也是受害者,然而“施工人员”与“安全风险”的关系研究尚未得到有效关注。通过引入网络理论,基于OBS(Organization Breakdown Structure)-WBS(Work Breakdown Structure)-RBS(Risk Breakdown Structure)法和2-模网络进行施工人员与安全风险节点映射关系模型设计,用于显性化施工人员和安全风险因素节点映射关系,为研究和预防铁路隧道施工安全风险提供新思路和新工具。首先运用WBS-RBS法识别铁路隧道施工安全风险因素并构建2-模WBS-RBS矩阵,运用OBS-WBS法确定铁路隧道施工人员集并构建2-模OBS-WBS矩阵;以WBS中施工活动为链接,将2-模OBS-WBS矩阵和2-模WBS-RBS矩阵转换为2-模OBS-RBS矩阵;接着,将施工人员和安全风险因素分别作为节点,将2-模OBS-RBS矩阵中反映的双方之间的映射关系作为边,构建施工人员与风险因素节点映射关系网络;最后,采取典型对应分析,显性化施工人员与风险因素的关联程度,旨在探索处于网络核心位置的施工人员、安全风险因素及其双方映射关系;以怀邵衡铁路盛德堂隧道作为典型案例,应用该模型对施工人员和安全风险因素节点的映射关系进行分析。研究结果表明:不同施工人员与特定安全风险因素具有明显映射关系;经专家验证指出,基于上述映射关系模型实证结果符合现场工程实际,构建的模型具备实用性。研究结果可直观呈现各级施工人员与安全风险因素的主要关联关系,帮助施工人员提高安全认知,端正安全态度;也可帮助施工管理人员针对不同施工人员提出针对性风险管控建议,合理优化安全风险管理资源,为预防铁路隧道施工安全风险提供方向性指导。

建筑工人信息共享演化博弈分析

信息共享对于劳动力市场机制具有重要影响,然而探讨其对我国建筑劳务市场主体行为影响机理的研究较少,这导致通过实施建筑工人信息共享推动建筑产业工人队伍建设缺乏理论指导。通过构建由施工企业、劳务企业和建筑工人构成的演化博弈模型,研究了信息对于各方行为的影响与作用机制,并采用仿真分析了多情景下的博弈演化路径及关键因素对系统均衡状态的影响。研究表明,降低信息共享成本、提高施工企业质量收益、加大劳务企业收入差异、改善建筑工人绩效收入,能够促使施工企业参与信息共享,消除市场的信息不对称,激励劳务企业向专业化转型,并促进建筑工人的职业化发展。最后从降低信息共享成本、建立基于质量的激励机制、建立施工企业联盟、建立基于作业水平的激励机制等方面为推进建筑产业工人队伍建设提出政策建议。

隧道施工人员安全风险双网耦合模型设计及应用

施工人员作为施工活动的执行主体,他们之间会因为作业活动的合作产生风险共担关系,又因工序衔接产生风险传导关系,然而尚未出现一种有效合理的方式对施工人员之间安全风险关系进行研究。本文引入双网耦合原理,运用社会网络分析(SNA)构建隧道施工人员安全风险关系模型,用于显性化施工人员之间的风险关系,为研究隧道施工安全风险提供新视角和预防隧道安全风险发生提供新工具。首先通过WBS(Work Breakdown Structure,即工作分解结构)-RBS(Risk Breakdown Structure,即风险分解结构)法识别隧道施工安全风险因素并确定施工活动与风险因素之间的耦合关系,通过OBS(Organization Breakdown Structure,即组织分解结构)-WBS法确定隧道施工人员集并确定施工人员与施工活动之间的耦合关系;依据施工进度网络计划图显性化施工活动之间的依赖关系;依据施工人员、施工活动和安全风险因素三者之间的耦合关系和施工活动之间的依赖关系,将施工活动网络转换为施工人员风险关系网络;采取中心度分析,对施工人员在风险关系网络中的角色定位进行探讨;最后以广东密州隧道作为典型案例,验证该模型对研究施工人员之间风险关系的有效性。结果表明:不同施工人员在风险关系网络中扮演的角色不同,其中施工项目管理人员承担影响者角色,施工现场管理人员承担中介风险传导角色以及施工现场作业人员承担受影响者角色居多。基于双网耦合铁路施工人员安全风险关系模型可帮助施工管理者了解不同施工人员在安全管理中的角色定位与任务分工,从而提出针对性安全管控建议,提高人员安全管理效率。