A Study on the Dynamic Characteristics of the Damping Capillary Type Spherical Hydrostatic Bearing

The dynamic mathematical model of the damping capillary type spherical hydrostatic bearing is established firstly,then the dynamic characteristics of the hydrostatic bearing are analysized in detail.By means of theoretical reasoning,a design guide that relates to J0,the static stiffness of the hydrostatic bearing,is put forward to guarantee that the hydrostatic bearing possesses the excellent dynamic characteristics.At last,the effect of the structural parameters on J0 is studied.

Hardware-in-loop simulation on hydrostatic thrust bearing worktable pose

A controllable hydrostatic thrust bearing was presented to improve rigidity. The bearing worktable poses were controlled by coupling oilfilm thickness of four controllable chambers. The chamber flow can be regulated by electro hydraulic servo valve-control variable pump according to the surface roughness, load, cutting force, and thermal effects of worktable. The mathematical models of the controllable chamber flow, servo variable mechanism and controller were built. The pose control model was established, which contained the kinematics positive and negative solution and control strategy of feedforward and hydraulic cylinder position feedback. Hardware-in-loop simulation experiment was carried out on the electro hydraulic servo test bench by means of the non-linear relation of film thickness and hydraulic cylinder displacement. Hardware-in-loop simulation experiment results show that the controllable bearings exhibit high oilfilm rigidity, the rising time is 0.24 s and the maximum overshoot is 2.23%, and can be applied in high precision heavy machine tool.

WORK PRINCIPLE AND CHARACTERISTIC ANALYSES OF HYDROSTATIC BEARING

Aiming at the new characteristic of water hydraulic system, a kind ofhydrostatic bearing with a concentric gap damper is introduced. The lubricative film thickness ofthe hydrostatic bearing possesses inflexibility and the loading capacity is just determined by thegeometrical dimension of the piston-slipper subassembly and has no relation with system pressure,viscosity and temperature of water and speed of rotor. Theoretical analyses and the verification ofscheme done at the test rig show that the hydrostatic bearing with a concentric gap damper isespecially fit for water hydraulic components.

Pressure Field of Multi-pad Annular Recess Hydrostatic Thrust Bearing

In order to solve the deformation of the hydrostatic thrust bearing with multi-pad annular recess in the heavy computer numerical control （ CNC ） equipment, the simulation concerning pressure feld of hydrostatic thrust bearing with multi-pad annular recesses was carded out. The finite volume method of computational fluid dynamics （ CFD ） was used to compute the three-dlmensional pressure field of gap fluid between the rotary worktable and the base. The influence of the rotational speed on the bearing pressure performance was studied based on CFD and lubrication theory, and the method revealed the pressure distribution law. The results qualitatively agree well with the experimental data. The results indicate that the oil cavity pressure decreases gradually with rotational speed enhancing. The reliability of a hydrostatic thrust bearing with malti-pad annular recess can be predicted through this method, and the optimal design of such products can be achieved, and the numerical simulation method can provide reasonable data for design, lubrication, experiment, and deformation computation of hydrostatic thrust bearing in the heavy CNC equipment.

Simulation and experiment of starting transient flow field of the hydrostatic bearing based on dynamic mesh method

A new method is developed to assess and analyze the dynamic performance of hydrostatic bearing oil film by using an amulets-layer dynamic mesh technique. It is implemented using C Language to compile the UDF program of a single oil film of the hydrostatic bearing. The effects of key lubrication parameters of the hydrostatic bearing are evaluated and analyzed under various working conditions,i.e. under no-load,a load of 40 t,a full load of 160 t,and the rotation speed of 1r/min,2r/min,4r/min,8r/min,16r/min,32r/min. The transient data of oil film bearing capacity under different load and rotation speed are acquired for a total of 18 working conditions during the oil film thickness changing. It allows the effective prediction of dynamic performance of large size hydrostatic bearing. Experiments on hydrostatic bearing oil film have been performed and the results were used to define the boundary conditions for the numerical simulations and validate the developed numerical model. The results showed that the oil film thickness became thinner with the increase of the operating time of the hydrostatic bearing,both the oil film rigidity and the oil cavity pressure increased significantly,and the increase of the bearing capacity was inversely proportional to the cube of the change of the film thickness. Meanwhile,the effect of the load condition on carrying capacity of large size static bearing was more important than the speed condition. The error between the simulation value and the experimental value was 4.25%.

Simulation and experimental study on lubrication characteristics of vertical hydrostatic guide rails

In order to improve the cutting stiffness,the paper studies the vertical hydrostatic bearing in the slide when a ram is in feed process.The change of the oil film thickness on hydrostatic guide rail and the curve of the oil film thickness in various cutting forces are calculated and a relation model through theoretical analysis method is derived.The pressure field of the guide rail recess is simulated based on the finite volume method and demonstrated through experiments.The study is of vital theoretical significance for the improvement of machining accuracy of numerical control machines and the entire computer numerical control(CNC) equipment and provides valuable theoretical basis for the design of hydrostatic guide rail in engineering practice.

Formation Depth of Coesite-Bearing Eclogite,Dabie UHPM Zone,China

The plastic deformation of garnet in coesite bearing eclogite, quartz eclogite and garnet amphibolite of the UHPM complex in Yingshan County in the Dabie Mountains has been studied. The stress generated by the strong tectonic movement was an important component of the total pressure that resulted in the formation of the eclogite in the Dabie UHPM zone. The three dimensional tectonic principal stresses and additional tectonic stress induced hydrostatic pressure [ p s=( σ 1+ σ 2+ σ 3)/3] are reconstructed according to the differential stress and the strain ratio ( α ) of the garnet in the minor coesite bearing eclogite of the Yingshan County. Then the gravity induced hydrostatic pressure ( p g) is calculated following the equation p minus p s, where p is estimated to be 2.8 GPa based on the quartz coesite geobarmeter. Therefore, the thickness of the rock column overlying the coesite bearing eclogite in the Ying shan County is determined ≥32 km. This estimation, significantly different from ≥100 km, the previous one obtained solely based on the weight/specific weight ratio (W/SW), offers a proper explanation for the puzzle that no tracer of the addition of mantle derived material has been found in the Dabie UHPM zone during the process of UHPM, although a number of researchers claim that this process took place at the depth of the mantle (≥100 km). It is concluded that attention should be paid to the additional tectonic stress induced hydrostatic pressure in the study of UHPM zones.

多孔质静压轴承静态特性预测研究

在多孔质静压轴承设计中,轴承设计参数是影响其静动态特性的关键因素之一,通常情况下,要得到合适的轴承设计参数,需要多次重复建模和仿真,且由于轴承结构复杂,建模难度大,仿真时间长,严重影响了轴承的设计效率。本文构建了一种基于遗传算法(Genetic algorithm,GA)优化反向传播(Back propagation, BP)神经网络的轴承静态特性预测模型,采用拉丁超立方抽样方法在轴承参数设计空间内采样,并进行Fluent流体仿真,将仿真数据用于GA-BP神经网络模型的训练与测试,实现了对设计空间内任意设计参数下的多孔质静压轴承静态特性的预测。研究结果表明,训练出的GA-BP神经网络模型能够准确预测多孔质静压轴承的静态特性,预测精度在95%以上,对多孔质静压轴承的快速设计和参数优化具有重要意义。

不同微结构静压轴承油膜流动特性研究

在剪切力和压缩力共同作用下,液体静压轴承黏性油膜的液阻和流速会发生变化,导致油膜的散热能力不稳定,而增加油膜流动阻力,减小流动速度可以有效提高油膜的散热能力。为增加流体的扰动进而增强换热,在静压轴承工作面上加工不同的微结构(矩形、三角形、椭圆形),通过数值仿真方法研究微结构在不同跨度、不同深度、不同间距下对轴承工作面油膜流动速度的影响,得到黏性油膜增阻减速的有效范围。结果表明:综合微结构深度、跨度、间距变化对油膜液阻的影响,矩形微结构增阻效果最明显,椭圆形微结构次之,三角形微结构最差;当微结构间距单一变化时,只有矩形微结构可起到降低流场平均速度的作用。因此,矩形微结构可起到增阻减速的作用,且增阻减速的最佳间距范围为0.01~0.04 mm。

带人字槽和轴向微通槽的动静压气体轴承静态特性

设计带人字槽和轴向微通槽的动静压气体轴承,运用FLUENT对其静态特性进行仿真分析,通过改变轴向微通槽深度、偏心率、气膜厚度、供气压力等参数,研究其对轴承刚度和承载能力的影响。结果表明:其他条件不变,偏心率越大,轴承刚度越小、承载能力越大;人字槽可以提升气体轴承的承载能力和刚度,主轴转速越快,动压效应越强,轴承刚度和承载能力越大;随微通槽深度增加,轴承刚度先增大后保持稳定,轴承承载能力先增大后减小,因此当微通槽深度过大时,轴承刚度变化不大,但轴承承载能力会减小。

三楔气体轴承的动静压特性分析

针对氢燃料电池汽车车载空压机的轴承-转子系统,提出兼具静压和动压特性的三楔式气体轴承.开展轴承动静压耦合作用机制和流场特性、动静态参数研究,并与传统的圆柱气体轴承进行对比.为了计算轴承的流场特性,在Fluent软件的用户自定义函数(UDF)中编写动网格程序,并提出相应的计算流体力学(CFD)瞬态模拟方法来求解轴颈任意偏心位置时的轴承非线性气膜力与动态参数.研究表明,在运行工况变化时,三楔气体轴承动静压效应的强度会不断变化,但始终能通过耦合效应为转子提供有效、稳定的支承.在低转速范围内,静压效应是影响三楔气体轴承性能的主要因素,表现出与圆柱气体轴承相似的支承效果,保证车载压缩机在启停或升速过程中的稳定运转.当转速增大时,三楔气体轴承的动压效应显著增强,能在更低的供气压力下为高速旋转的车载压缩机提供支承.相较于需要外接气源的圆柱气体轴承,三楔气体轴承能在仅利用氢燃料电池汽车供气系统内部气路的情况下为转子提供稳定的支承,适应车载空压机中气体压力有限且须频繁启停、变速的工作环境.

超临界二氧化碳动静压径向可倾瓦轴承实验台设计与实验研究

针对超临界二氧化碳(S-CO_(2))动力机组在启动和停止阶段气体轴承产生非常大的摩擦磨损,以及气体轴承承载力低、刚度低、阻尼小、稳定性较差等问题,设计并改进一种新型动静压S-CO_(2)润滑径向可倾瓦轴承结构。设计并搭建S-CO_(2)润滑轴承实验台,针对于实验台转子刚启动和极低转速工况,对新型S-CO_(2)润滑动静压径向轴承在静压状态下的动态特性进行实验研究,得到轴承的动态刚度和动态阻尼,并分析静压对轴承动态性能的影响。实验结果表明,设计的S-CO_(2)动静压径向可倾瓦轴承在启停阶段,在轴瓦与轴颈之间产生了足够的静压压力,可将二者完全分隔开,从而能减少启停阶段的摩擦磨损;随着静压压力的增大,轴承X、Y方向上的整体刚度、主阻尼都增大,且2个方向的主刚度系数差别不大,而交叉刚度和交叉阻尼都接近于0。研究结果为进一步揭示S-CO_(2)润滑径向轴承动压状态特性提供参考。

高速液压缸导向套静压支承温度场分析

高速液压缸是电液伺服控制系统的执行元件,其导向套静压支承结构具备优良的导向性能、抗偏载力、低摩擦力,可以大大影响系统的控制精度以及动静态性能。通过理论分析得到不同工况会引起静压支承油膜的温度变化,而温度变化对导向套静压支承的承载力影响很大。应用Fluent对液压缸活塞杆导向套处静压支承的温度场进行建模仿真,分析活塞杆偏心量、入口流量、活塞杆移动速度与油膜温度的关系以及油膜的温升与油膜承载力的关系。结果表明:随着偏心量的增大,轴向封油面的温升越来越大,同时温升较大的面积占比增多;入口流量与温升成正比关系;活塞杆往复直线运动带动液压油运动,油膜产生温升;同时,油膜温度升高,油膜支承力减小,导向套静压支承性能降低。

双向均压槽节流静压气体轴承静态特性分析

为进一步优化径向静压气体轴承的静态性能,提出在传统小孔节流的基础上配合开设轴向和周向均压槽的复合节流式静压气体径向轴承。利用Fluent软件对比分析传统孔式节流与不同形式复合节流静压气体轴承的静态特性,探究均压槽截面形状及供气压力对轴承静态特性的影响规律;利用正交试验探究节流器各结构参数对承载特性的影响。结果表明:复合节流式静压气体轴承在一定程度上提升了轴承的静态性能,其中均压槽以“口”字形布置以及截面形状为矩形时效果最优;供气压力的增大也可提升轴承静态特性;节流孔直径和均压槽深度对轴承静态特性的影响要大于节流孔深度和均压槽宽度,节流孔直径以及均压槽深度的增大均使得承载力与刚度呈现出先增大后减小的趋势。

回油槽结构对高速插齿机静压主轴性能影响研究

为提高数控高速插齿机静压主轴工作性能,以摩擦学和流体力学理论为基础,通过理论分析、数值模拟,探究了不同工况条件下有、无回油槽对静压主轴性能的影响规律。首先,建立了有、无回油槽油膜流体仿真模型和流固耦合模型,基于实际工况参数进行了仿真计算,探究了有、无回油槽对油膜承载力、刚度、剪切力和轴套最大变形量的影响规律;然后,利用瞬态计算,分析了在10次冲程运动内有、无回油槽结构对静压主轴油膜黏性生热现象的影响,探究了相同工况下不同回油槽形状对油膜承载力与刚度的影响;最后,搭建了静压导轨实验平台,通过实验数据证明了有限元仿真模型的有效性。研究结果表明:添加回油槽结构可以使油膜承载力和刚度提升约1.5倍,可小幅降低油膜黏性阻力,并使油膜平均温度保持稳定;在低偏心率时,无回油槽轴套相对有回油槽轴套变形量最大相差40%,高偏心率时则相反;偏心率较低时,回油槽形状对油膜刚度影响相对较大。该研究可为高速插齿机静压主轴结构参数优化和工程应用提供参考。

浮环弹性变形对浮环动静压轴承润滑特性的影响

浮环轴承在高速工况下运行时,浮环表面在油膜压力作用下会发生弹性变形,影响轴承润滑性能。针对带有深浅腔的浮环动静压轴承,采用有限元法和有限差分法耦合求解油膜Reynolds方程、能量方程和温黏关系式,采用变形矩阵法求解弹性变形方程,计算浮环弹性变形分布;在浮环平衡的基础上,分析浮环变形对环速比、油膜承载力、端泄流量等润滑特性参数的影响。结果表明:浮环弹性变形分布与油膜压力分布呈现一致性,转速越高,偏心越大,变形越明显;考虑浮环弹性变形,浮环达到平衡状态时,内膜偏心率增加,环速比减小,轴承承载力与摩擦力矩均有所增加;由于浮环变形对内、外膜间隙及流动液阻的不同影响,使得内膜端泄流量增加,外膜端泄流量减少。

基于COMSOL的气浮轴承动态刚度分析

针对气浮轴承的性能分析对于气浮轴承的高效及可靠应用有着重要的作用,COMSOL软件可以轻松完成气浮轴承的静压薄膜、负载计算,然而通过仿真分析动态刚度来确定空气轴承的稳定性却非常困难。文章阐述COMSOL完成气浮轴承频域分析的具体过程,通过对频域扰动分析参数的调整,并通过对气浮轴承的仿真计算验证该分析方法,结果证明:该分析方法适用于各种气浮轴承的设计分析,包括多物理场分析。

基于正交试验小孔节流液体静压轴承优化分析

以内圆磨床小孔节流液体静压轴承为研究对象,将SOLIDWORKS建立的油膜三维模型导入ICEM中进行网格划分和边界条件命名,利用流体仿真软件FLUENT仿真分析,运用正交试验法设计试验方案分析轴承主要参数对轴承性能的影响及各参数对轴承性能影响的主次顺序。结果表明:影响液体静压轴承承载力和刚度的因素主要包括平均间隙、节流孔直径、节流孔到轴端面距离、单排节流孔数目、偏心率、供油压力、润滑油动力粘度等;轴承的主要参数对液体静压轴承承载力和刚度的敏感性差异很大;同时以承载力最大为优化准则得到优化后轴承模型参数,其承载力提升了113.99%,同时刚度也提升了98.85%。

缝隙节流液体静压轴承油膜刚度系数的研究

油膜刚度系数是液体静压轴承的关键性能参数之一。针对缝隙节流液体静压轴承,推导了其油膜承载力的解析表达式,并在此基础上进一步推导了油膜刚度系数的解析表达式。相比于传统经验公式,采用该表达式的计算结果与实验结果更吻合。通过分析应用案例可知:油膜承载力与节流参数、主轴离心率均呈正相关关系;油膜正向刚度系数随着离心率的增大而减小,油膜交叉刚度系数随着离心率的增大而增大,并且正向刚度系数明显大于交叉刚度系数。利用该轴承油膜刚度系数的表达式,可以通过测量轴承运行过程中的轴心位置,实时得到轴承油膜刚度系数,从而对缝隙节流液体静压轴承的运行进行有效监控。

液体静压轴承结构参数对其性能的影响

从液体静压转台的支撑原理出发,对液体静压轴承的承载能力、刚度、功率损耗、温升等性能进行了推导计算;并结合实践生产对象,分别对油腔结构参数、油膜设计间隙以及供油流量值进行单因素定量分析,得到了轴承主要性能随参数变化的规律,从而为液体静压轴承参数设计提供了参考。