The Effects of Aerobic Exercise Training on Basal Metabolism and Physical Fitness in Sedentary Women

Objective: Aerobic exercises are the basic activity on fight against obesity. And obesity is related with metabolic rate. So our study is aimed to investigate the effects of 8 weeks aerobic exercise on basal metabolic rate and physical parameters. Methods: Sedentary women between the ages of 35 - 45 (n = 40) were randomized into control group (CG) (n = 20) and exercise group (EG) (n = 20). EG underwent 8 weeks of aerobic-run-walk exercise training: 3 days a week, 1 hour sessions. The CG was not trained. Basal metabolic rate (BMR), body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), body fat percentage (BFP), body fat mass (FM) and lean body mass (LBM) were measured for all of the subjects before and after the training program. Results: Mean BMR decreased from 1386 ± 213.6 kcal to 1327 ± 253.7 in CG, and raised from 1308 ± 201.8 to 1409 ± 218.3 kcal in EG. While BMI raised from 31.39 ± 6.15 kg/m2 to 31.51 ± 6.09 kg/m2 in CG, it decreased from 29.62 ± 3.78 kg/m2 to 28.47 ± 3.74 kg/m2 in EG. There was also statistically significant difference in parameters of WHR, BFP, FM and LBM in favour of EG (p < 0.05). Conclusion: After 8 weeks aerobic exercise training program, there was a statistically significant difference in favour of EG in BMR, BMI, BFP, FM, LBM, WHR and weight parameters.

Associations between cardiorespiratory fitness,physical activity, intraindividual variability in behavior, and cingulate cortex in younger adults

Background.Higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)and greater amounts of physical activity have been associated with lower intraindividual variability(IIV)in executive function in children and older adults.In the present study,we examined whether CRF,measured as maximal oxygen uptake(VO2max),and daily volume of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity(MVPA)were associated with IIV of reaction time during performance of the incongruent condition of the Stroop task in younger adults.Further,we examined whether the thickness of the cingulate cortex was associated with regulating variability in reaction time performance in the context of CRF or physical activity.Methods:CRF(measured as VO2max),accelerometry-measured MVPA,Stroop performance,and thickness of the rostral anterior cingulate cortex(rACC)derived from magnetic resonance imaging data were collected in 48 younger adults(age=24.58±4.95 years,mean±SD).Multiple regression was used to test associations between IIV during the Stroop task and CRF,MVPA,and rACC thickness.Mediation was tested using maximum likelihood estimation with bootstrapping.Results:Consistent with our predictions,higher VO2max was associated with greater rACC thickness for the right hemisphere and greater daily amounts of MVPA were associated with greater rACC thickness for both the left and right hemispheres.Greater thickness of the right rACC was associated with lower IIV for the incongruent condition of the Stroop task.CRF and MVPA were not directly associated with IIV.However,we did find that IIV and both CRF and MVPA were indirectly associated via the thickness of the right rACC.Conclusion:These results indicate that higher CRF and greater daily volume of MVPA may be associated with lower IIV during the Stroop task via structural integrity of the rACC.Randomized controlled trials of MVPA would provide crucial information about the causal relations between these variables.

Associations between Health-Related Fitness and Cardio-Metabolic Blood Profiles in Low-Income Children

Children from low-income families have a higher incidence for developing early onset cardio-metabolic disease risk factors. Optimal levels of health-related fitness may attenuate risk, but little research has examined its relationships with individual cardio-metabolic blood markers in low-income children. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and correlates of unfavorable cardio-metabolic blood profiles in children from low-income families. Data were collected and analyzed on 124 children (mean age = 10.4 ± 0.9 years;57 girls, 67 boys;97% Hispanic) recruited from three urban Title I schools from the state of Utah in the US Health-related fitness. Measures were collected using the validated FITNESSGRAM fitness test battery. The Cholestech LDX system was used to analyze students’ total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides (TRI), and blood glucose (BG). Capillary blood samples via finger sticks were collected while each student was in a fasted state before school hours. Unfavorable measurements were defined as TC ≥ 200 mg/dL, LDL ≥ 130 mg/dL, HDL 150 mg/dL, and BG ≥ 100 mg/dL (pre-diabetes). Approximately 5.3% of the total sample had unfavorable TC, 16.7% had unfavorable HDL, 16.0% had unfavorable LDL, 15.2% had unfavorable TRI, and 25.4% had unfavorable BG (pre-diabetes). Pearson’s chi-square tests revealed no significant differences between sexes on any unfavorable classification after alpha level adjustment (p > 0.01). When all parameters were analyzed as continuous variables, Spearman’s rank correlation revealed a statistically significant linear relationship between aerobic fitness and LDL in boys (rs = -?0.65, p - 0.46, p < 0.01), and between BMI and BG in girls (rs = 0.56, p < 0.01). Aerobic fitness relates to LDL cholesterol in low-income boys and BMI relates to HDL cholesterol and BG in low-income girls.

Comparison of Data Screening Methods for Evaluating School-Level Fitness Patterns in Youth: Findings from the NFL PLAY 60 FITNESSGRAM Partnership Project

Background: There has been a great interest in tracking health-related fitness across the United States. The NFL PLAY 60 FITNESSGRAM Partnership Project (NFL P60FGPP) is a large participatory research network that involves the surveillance of fitness among more than 1000 schools spread throughout the country. Fitness data are collected by school staff and therefore these data can vary in quality and representativeness. Therefore, careful screening procedures are needed to ensure that the data can reflect actual patterns in the schools. This study examined the impact of different data screening procedures on outcomes of aerobic fitness (AF) collected from the NFL P60FGPP. Methods: Data were compiled from 149,101 youth from 504 schools and were processed using the established age- and gender-specific AF FITNESSGRAM health-related standards. Data were subjected to three different screening procedures (based on grade size and boy-to-girl ratio per grade). Linear models were computed to obtain unadjusted and adjusted (for age, BMI-Z, and socio-economic status) estimates of % youth in the Healthy Fitness Zone (HFZ) in order to determine if, 1) there were differences in % in the HFZ and 2) if differences could be explained by changes in the representativeness of the sample due to the different data screening procedures. Results: Depending on the screening procedure used, the final sample ranged from 96,999 (no screening) to 46,572 youth (most stringent criteria). The proportion of youth achieving appropriate levels of AF ranged from 56% to 61% with unscreened data resulting in consistently lower percentages of youth achieving the standard (P < 0.05). Overall, these differences were not explained by possible changes in demographic characteristics as the result of applying different screening criteria. Conclusions: The findings demonstrate the importance of establishing appropriate screening procedures that maximize sample size while also ensuring generalizability of the findings.

An Efficient and Enjoyable Way for Physical Fitness Development among Women at Midlife

The aim of the study was to examine the effect of Newcomb ball (also known by the name of catchball) training on the physical fitness of women at midlife. One hundred and eighteen women, aged 29 - 45 yrs, were assigned to an experimental group (EG) or a control group (CG), and completed two similar sets of tests before and after seven months of training. The EG performed two Newcomb ball training sessions per week that included technical and tactical drills with and without the ball, small sided games and full games at different variations. The CG remained non-active throughout the seven months. Leg power, arm power, agility, speed, and aerobic scores were significantly higher for the EG compared to the CG at baseline (p < 0.001 for all). EG showed significant training-related improvement in arm power (5.3 ± 0.9 vs 5.6 ± 0.9 m), agility (10.68 ± 0.95 vs 10.37 ± 0.89 sec), speed (4.11 ± 0.45 vs 4.01 ± 0.33 sec), and aerobic fitness (563 ± 328 vs 680 ± 378 m) (ES = 0.45 – 0.61, p < 0.001 for all), while no significant changes, except for a significant increase in arm power (ES = 0.42, p < 0.05), were found for the CG in any of the other fitness variables. The findings indicate that amateur Newcomb ball training can be used as an efficient and enjoyable tool for fitness development among midlife women.

A Quasi-Experiment of Exercise Modality Effects on Cognition and Fitness in Healthy Women

Exercise has been shown to improve cognitive function in many clinical populations. However, there is not a standard exercise prescription for improving cognition among adults. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of standardizing an exercise prescription for cognitive improvement, without reducing fitness benefits of exercise. Healthy women were assigned to a moderately intense floor/step aerobics （FSA; n = 8）, treadmill walking （TMW; n = 9）, or stretching （STR; n = 10） intervention for 7 weeks. Cognition and fitness were assessed pre-, mid-, and post-intervention. FSA participants experienced a significantly reduced time to complete the Trail Making Test-A compared to those in TMW or STR （P = 0.016）. In conclusion, participation in FSA may result in greater cognitive gains than does participation in TMW, while still providing fitness benefits. For women desiring to improve their cognition and fitness, prescription of moderately intense FSA for 150 minutes each week should be considered.

Study of Aerobics Effects on Female College Students＇ Health

Aerobics includes gymnastics, music, dance and aesthetics, using specialized equipment by hand and holding light equipment to achieve fitness and operation of exercises, it is a bodybuilding methods centering for the purpose of emerging entertainment and ornamental sports, and it is also a strong public artistic gymnastics. It is with superb skill, charming and colorful parade of action, posture which is coordinated with the music to demonstrate the extraordinary artistic charm, thus attracting more and more students to participate in. Because it is different from traditional hand gymnastic exercises, and does not have too high demands for space and equipment. Practicing it just needs fast-paced and lively musical accompaniment, and dynamic movements can make people feel good, so it wins the majority of young people, especially girls. Calisthenics is as one of the means to work out for students; in particular, it develops a lifelong habit of physical exercise and plays an important role for college girls＇ lifelong fitness awareness. The topic is studying female college students on aerobics body shape, function, quality and impact of mental health to promote the development of physical education reform.

Impact of a 12-wk physical conditioning program on the aerobic capacity of aviation cadets

BACKGROUND Flight cadets need to have good physical fitness to cope with the challenges of flying missions.The continuous development of science and technology has led to the constant upgrading of fighter jets and the improvement of their performance,which has resulted in new and higher requirements for the physical fitness of flight personnel.The traditional physical training mode,method,and assessment have been used for many years and do not meet current fitness needs.AIM To investigate the impact of a 12-wk comprehensive anti-G fitness training program on the aerobic capacity of aviation cadets and to evaluate its effectiveness.METHODS Fifty-five cadets were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups using a randomized,single-blind design.The control group maintained their existing training regimen,while the experimental group participated in a 12-wk comprehensive training intervention.The training program comprised strength training twice per week,high-intensity interval training three times per week,and supplemental nutritional and psychological support.Maximal oxygen uptake(VO2max),lower limb strength,and hemoglobin levels were measured at baseline,at 6 wk and 12 wk post-intervention.RESULTS Repeated measures analysis of variance revealed significant differences of both VO2max and relative VO2 in both groups across time points(P<0.05).However,no significant time-group interaction was observed(P>0.05).Paired t-tests comparing baseline and 12-wk results showed that VO2max and relative VO2 were significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group(P<0.05).This suggests that the training program effectively enhanced the aerobic capacity of the experimental group.Key indicators of aerobic capacity,bilateral lower limb strength and hemoglobin levels,were also significantly different over time and between groups(P<0.05).No significant differences were noted in heart-rate metrics(P>0.05).CONCLUSION A 12-wk comprehensive anti-G fitness training program significantly improved the aerobic capacity of aviation cadets,thereby enhancing their overall capacity and laying a physiological foundation for enduring high-G flights.

有氧运动对心肌梗死患者内皮祖细胞动员和功能的影响

背景:运动康复是心肌梗死患者非药物治疗的重要手段,能够改善心肌灌注和心血管功能,其机制可能与血管内皮细胞介导的血管新生与修复有关,而内皮祖细胞是血管内皮细胞的前体细胞。目的:探讨12周有氧运动对心肌梗死患者内皮祖细胞动员和功能的影响。方法:(1)选择2022年1-10月在郑州大学第一附属医院接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后的急性心肌梗死患者66例,按照随机数字表法分为运动组(n=33)和对照组(n=33),对照组患者接受常规心脏康复治疗12周,运动组患者接受常规心脏康复+12周有氧运动干预。干预前及干预结束后72 h,检测患者心肺适能、纽约心脏协会分级、左心室射血分数、血清肌钙蛋白Ⅰ和脑钠肽水平及外周血内皮祖细胞数量。(2)干预前及干预结束后72 h,从两组患者外周血中分离提取内皮组细胞,检测内皮组细胞的增殖、黏附和迁移能力。结果与结论:(1)干预结束后72 h,运动组患者的纽约心脏协会分级、血清肌钙蛋白Ⅰ和脑钠肽水平均低于干预前、对照组(P<0.05),峰值摄氧量、最大功率、递增负荷试验完成时间、峰值运动时左心室射血分数高于干预前、对照组(P<0.05),平均心率和平均主观疲劳感觉评分低于干预前、对照组(P<0.05),外周血内皮组细胞数量多于干预前、对照组(P<0.05);(2)干预结束后72 h,运动组患者外周血内皮祖细胞的增殖、黏附与迁移能力均高于干预前、对照组(P<0.05);(3)结果表明,规律有氧运动能够促进内皮祖细胞动员并增强其增殖、黏附和迁移能力,进而改善心肌梗死患者临床病情、心功能和心肺适能。

Young people are fit and active——Fact or fiction?

This paper analyses young people's habitual physical activity(HPA) and aerobic fitness(AF) in relation to health and well-being,with reference to previous generations.Data consistently show that more boys than girls experience health-related physical activity(PA) and that both genders experience a decline in HPA during adolescence.The majority of young people(～60%-75%) do not meet the requirements of current health-related PA guidelines but youth HPA appears to have stabilised over the last two decades.Although it does not describe all aspects of AF, peak oxygen uptake(peak VO_2) is recognised as the best single measure of AF.Peak VO_2 is enhanced with age,growth and maturation with increases of～150%and～80%in boys and girls respectively from 8 to 16 years.Boys' values are higher than those of girls throughout childhood and adolescence with the gender difference reaching～35% by age 16 years.There is no compelling evidence to suggest that young people have low levels of peak VO_2 or that they are less aerobically fit than children of previous generations.Despite the relative stability of peak VO_2 there has been a decline of～13%over the last 35 years in young people's ability to perform maximal aerobic exercise which involves the transport of body mass.In their daily lives young people very rarely experience PA of the intensity and duration to enhance AF and peak VO_2 is, at best,only weakly related to current levels of HPA during youth.Low levels of HPA and a marked secular decline in maximal aerobic performance remain major issues in the promotion of youth health and well-being.

团体式健身操联合八段锦对女官兵心理健康的影响

目的:探讨团体式健身操联合八段锦对某驻闽单位女官兵心理健康的影响。方法:选取2022年6月—8月某驻闽部队80名女官兵为研究对象,随机分为对照组和研究组各40例。对照组给予常规干预,研究组在对照组的基础上采用团体式健身操联合八段锦干预,均干预3个月。比较干预前后两组官兵的症状自评量表(SCL-90)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)及匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)评分。结果:干预后两组官兵SCL-90、SDS及SAS评分均明显下降,且研究组评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。干预后两组PSQI各项因子评分及总分均显著下降,且研究组低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:团体式健身操联合八段锦有助改善女官兵不良情绪和睡眠质量,是女官兵心理保健的有效方法。

健身操舞课程教学模式数字信息化改革的探究

在当前健康中国战略背景下,全民健身已成为社会发展的重要议题。信息技术的引入,不仅为健身操舞公共体育课程的教学改革提供了全新思路,也有助于实现教学资源的数字化、学习过程的个性化以及教学反馈的即时化,满足学生全面发展的需求。同时,虚拟教研室的实践探索为基层教学组织建设提供了新的模式,有助于提升教师的教学能力,为高等教育高质量发展提供有力支撑。因此,高校体育教育应积极拥抱信息化教育变革,充分利用现代科技手段优化教学方式,提高教学效果,为学生的全面发展和国家的繁荣富强作出积极贡献。

藏族民间舞融入健身健美操融合创编的实现路径研究

藏族民间舞作为中国传统舞蹈的重要组成部分,其独特的舞蹈语汇和浓郁的民族风情,为健身健美操的创编提供了丰富的素材和灵感。健身健美操作为一种深受大众喜爱的运动方式,其动作编排和音乐选择直接关系到参与者的运动体验和锻炼效果。然而,当前健身健美操在创编上往往过于追求动作的复杂性和时尚感,忽视了对于民族文化和审美价值的挖掘与传承。因此,如何将藏族民间舞的元素巧妙地融入健身健美操创编中,既保持其原有的健身功能,又赋予其深厚的文化内涵,成为一个值得探索的课题。研究旨在探索藏族民间舞融入健身健美操创编的实现路径,以期在保留藏族舞蹈特色的基础上,赋予其现代健身价值。希望通过该研究,不仅能够为健身健美操的创编注入新的活力和创意,还能够促进藏族民间舞的传承与发展,推动民族文化的交流与融合。

全民健身运动视角下高校健美操教学体系的创建路径

在全民健身活动愈发普及的背景下,适应社会发展对体育的需求已成为学校体育面临的关键任务。全民健身运动旨在提升国民健康水平,并促进社会全面发展。高校健美操教学承载着培养学生健康意识与提升体育素质的双重使命。基于此,该文系统分析了全民健身运动对高校健美操教学的影响,并提出了创新教学体系的有效策略,旨在实现高校健美操教学的社会化与实用化,以响应社会发展需求,并提升教学的社会实用价值。

The effect of aerobic dancing on physical fitness and cognitive function in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic-a natural experiment

During the Coronavirus disease(COVID-19),the physical activity of older adults is at a lower level.The study aimed to examine the effectiveness of aerobic dancing on physical fitness and cognitive function in older adults.We conducted a randomized controlled trial with 34 older adults who were assigned into an aerobic dancing group and a control group.Three dance sessions weekly for 60min were scheduled for the aerobic dancing group for a total of 12 weeks.Physical fitness,blood pressure,lipids,glucose,cognitive function were assessed before and after the intervention.Baseline adjusted Analysis of Covariance(ANCOVA)was used to determine whether outcome variables varied between groups at pre-test and post-test.Effect size(Cohen's d)was calculated to determine the differences between groups from baseline to post-test.After 12 weeks,we found that the aerobic dancing group showed significant improvement in memory(portrait memory:F=10.45,p=0.003,d=1.18).The Limit of Stability(LOS)parameters in the aerobic dancing group displayed a significant increase after the intervention(right angle:F=5.90,p=0.022,d=0.60;right-anterior angle:F=4.23,p=0.049,d=0.12).Some beneficial effects were found on flexibility,grip strength,balance and subjective well-being(sit and reach:F=0.25,p=0.62,d=−0.40;grip strength:F=3.38,p=0.08,d=0.89;one-legged standing with eyes closed:F=1.26,p=0.27,d=0.50)in the aerobic dancing group.Aerobic dancing training was effective in improving memory and balance ability in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in China.In the future,aerobic dancing is a promising tool to encourage physical activity in older adults.

有氧健身操训练对女青年的身心影响

通过对女大学生健身操班和健身俱乐部女青年的跟踪调查与实验,对持续参加有氧健身操锻炼的女青年锻炼前后的各项身心方面的指标进行测试,结果显示:长期的有氧健身操运动可使体成份发生明显的改变,身体素质、心肺功能得到明显提高,精神状态及心理障碍达到明显改善。

有氧锻炼对执行控制和脑功能的影响

有氧锻炼不仅能提高身体健康,也能改善脑的执行控制功能。有氧锻炼有助于降低执行控制功能老化,提高老人的认知抑制和冲突控制能力;有氧锻炼也有益于儿童的执行控制功能的发展,有氧锻炼更多或有氧体能更好的儿童有更好的执行控制能力。进一步的研究需要考察运动和其他生活因素如饮食干预、神经生长以及社会互动等因素对执行控制的交互作用,同时控制强度、频率和持续时间等变量对执行控制的影响,以达到更好的锻炼效果。

有氧健身运动对城市老年人体质的影响

为探讨有氧健身运动对老年人体质等方面的影响 ,对部分城市老年男性进行了有氧健身运动的实验研究。结果表明 :参加有氧健身运动的老年人 ,其体脂百分比下降 ,去脂体重增加 ,肌力加强 ,肺活量加大 ,哈佛台阶指数提高 ,这些反映身体成分和心肺功能的指标与对照组比较有显著性差异。提示 :长期坚持参加有氧健身运动 ,可增强体质、提高身体的机能状态和健康水平 ,对预防心血管疾病和骨质疏松症有积极的意义。

我国健身俱乐部健美操指导员现状与分析

采用文献资料法、问卷调查法和专家访谈法等研究方法,对全国部分大城市健身俱乐部健美操指导员的基本结构和工作情况进行了调查和分析,旨在为健身俱乐部的未来发展提供参考。研究发现健美操指导员文化程度偏低,性别结构失衡,技术等级结构不合理,无证上岗现象比较普遍,且大多数为兼职人员;指导员教龄偏短,队伍不够稳定,技术力量和职业素质存在较大缺陷;健美操指导员的首要从业动机是健康与经济因素,追求社会效益和社会承认的动机不足。

促进青少年有氧体适能和体育锻炼行为的路径:动机理论的观点

激励青少年参与和坚持体育锻炼是非常重要的,规律的体育锻炼有助于青少年身心健康和社会适应。通过对323名青少年有氧体适能的测量,采用体育锻炼动机量表和体育锻炼等级量表进行抽样调查,运用相关分析、回归分析和结构方程模型探讨体育锻炼动机、行为和有氧体适能的关系,试图构建促进青少年有氧体适能和体育锻炼行为的路径模型。结果表明:1)体育锻炼动机能正向预测体育锻炼行为和有氧体适能;体育锻炼行为能正向预测有氧体适能;2)体育锻炼动机各维度对体育锻炼行和有氧体适能预测的地位不一,均表现出愉快维度、能力维度、关联维度等内部动机比健康维度、外貌维度等外部动机更具有预测能力;3)结构方程模型拟合结果支持体育锻炼行为的部分中介作用。这提示我们,家庭、社区和学校应积极创造有利于激发青少年体育锻炼动机的环境,以外部动机为抓手,合理利用各种策略,注重外部动机向内部动机的转化,最终促进青少年体育锻炼和身心健康。