Current installation costs of offshore wind turbines(OWTs) are high and profit margins in the offshore wind energy sector are low, it is thus necessary to develop installation methods that are more efficient and pract...Current installation costs of offshore wind turbines(OWTs) are high and profit margins in the offshore wind energy sector are low, it is thus necessary to develop installation methods that are more efficient and practical. This paper presents a numerical study(based on a global response analysis of marine operations) of a novel procedure for installing the tower and Rotor Nacelle Assemblies(RNAs) on bottom-fixed foundations of OWTs. The installation procedure is based on the inverted pendulum principle. A cargo barge is used to transport the OWT assembly in a horizontal position to the site, and a medium-size Heavy Lift Vessel(HLV) is then employed to lift and up-end the OWT assembly using a special upending frame. The main advantage of this novel procedure is that the need for a huge HLV(in terms of lifting height and capacity) is eliminated. This novel method requires that the cargo barge is in the leeward side of the HLV(which can be positioned with the best heading) during the entire installation. This is to benefit from shielding effects of the HLV on the motions of the cargo barge, so the foundations need to be installed with a specific heading based on wave direction statistics of the site and a typical installation season. Following a systematic approach based on numerical simulations of actual operations, potential critical installation activities, corresponding critical events, and limiting(response) parameters are identified. In addition, operational limits for some of the limiting parameters are established in terms of allowable limits of sea states. Following a preliminary assessment of these operational limits, the duration of the entire operation, the equipment used, and weather-and water depth-sensitivity, this novel procedure is demonstrated to be viable.展开更多
为实现海上风电安装船升降系统的远程监控,文中开发了以PLC为核心的分布式控制系统,主站和从站,总站与上位机之间通过现场总线交换数据。在上位机上,基于WinCC组态软件开发了监控系统,并使用了WinCC组件WinCC Web Navigator构建了WinCC ...为实现海上风电安装船升降系统的远程监控,文中开发了以PLC为核心的分布式控制系统,主站和从站,总站与上位机之间通过现场总线交换数据。在上位机上,基于WinCC组态软件开发了监控系统,并使用了WinCC组件WinCC Web Navigator构建了WinCC Web Navigator Server服务器,从而使远程客户机通过Internet就可以访问运行在上位机上的WinCC项目,远程监控风电安装工作船。系统的试运行表明该系统操作简单、人机交互友好,可靠性高,能够很好地满足人们对风电安装工作船远程监控的需求。展开更多
针对海上风电安装船升降系统现场控制所带来的人力资源浪费、操作人员工作环境差等问题,文中开发了远程监控系统。在该系统中,4台西门子S7-200系列PLC通过PPI协议构建了一主三从的PPI网络作为下位机,以IPC作为系统的上位机,在上位机中,...针对海上风电安装船升降系统现场控制所带来的人力资源浪费、操作人员工作环境差等问题,文中开发了远程监控系统。在该系统中,4台西门子S7-200系列PLC通过PPI协议构建了一主三从的PPI网络作为下位机,以IPC作为系统的上位机,在上位机中,以Win CC组态软件开发了海洋风电安装船的监控系统。为实现PLC与上位机之间的通讯,采用PC Access搭建了下位机主站的OPC服务器,海洋风电安装船的监控系统通过访问OPC服务器从而获取PLC中有关数据。基于Win CC Web服务器构建了风电安装船Web服务器,远程用户通过Internet访问该Web服务器,实现了对海上风电安装船的远程监控。试验运行表明,该系统能很好地借助网络实现对海上风电安装的集中、远程监控,且稳定可靠。展开更多
基金financially supported by the Research Council of Norway granted through the Department of Marine Technologythe Centre for Ships and Ocean Structures(CeSOS) and the the Centre for Autonomous Marine Operations and Systems(AMOS) from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology(NTNU)the financial support from Escuela Politécnica Nacional(EPN)through the project PIMI-15-03"Investigación y evaluación de sistemas innovadores de propulsión distribuida con ingestión de capa límite para mejorar la eficiencia propulsiva y térmica de vehículos aéreos no tripulados aplicados en los sectores:agrícola,medicina y vigilancia"
文摘Current installation costs of offshore wind turbines(OWTs) are high and profit margins in the offshore wind energy sector are low, it is thus necessary to develop installation methods that are more efficient and practical. This paper presents a numerical study(based on a global response analysis of marine operations) of a novel procedure for installing the tower and Rotor Nacelle Assemblies(RNAs) on bottom-fixed foundations of OWTs. The installation procedure is based on the inverted pendulum principle. A cargo barge is used to transport the OWT assembly in a horizontal position to the site, and a medium-size Heavy Lift Vessel(HLV) is then employed to lift and up-end the OWT assembly using a special upending frame. The main advantage of this novel procedure is that the need for a huge HLV(in terms of lifting height and capacity) is eliminated. This novel method requires that the cargo barge is in the leeward side of the HLV(which can be positioned with the best heading) during the entire installation. This is to benefit from shielding effects of the HLV on the motions of the cargo barge, so the foundations need to be installed with a specific heading based on wave direction statistics of the site and a typical installation season. Following a systematic approach based on numerical simulations of actual operations, potential critical installation activities, corresponding critical events, and limiting(response) parameters are identified. In addition, operational limits for some of the limiting parameters are established in terms of allowable limits of sea states. Following a preliminary assessment of these operational limits, the duration of the entire operation, the equipment used, and weather-and water depth-sensitivity, this novel procedure is demonstrated to be viable.
文摘为实现海上风电安装船升降系统的远程监控,文中开发了以PLC为核心的分布式控制系统,主站和从站,总站与上位机之间通过现场总线交换数据。在上位机上,基于WinCC组态软件开发了监控系统,并使用了WinCC组件WinCC Web Navigator构建了WinCC Web Navigator Server服务器,从而使远程客户机通过Internet就可以访问运行在上位机上的WinCC项目,远程监控风电安装工作船。系统的试运行表明该系统操作简单、人机交互友好,可靠性高,能够很好地满足人们对风电安装工作船远程监控的需求。
文摘针对海上风电安装船升降系统现场控制所带来的人力资源浪费、操作人员工作环境差等问题,文中开发了远程监控系统。在该系统中,4台西门子S7-200系列PLC通过PPI协议构建了一主三从的PPI网络作为下位机,以IPC作为系统的上位机,在上位机中,以Win CC组态软件开发了海洋风电安装船的监控系统。为实现PLC与上位机之间的通讯,采用PC Access搭建了下位机主站的OPC服务器,海洋风电安装船的监控系统通过访问OPC服务器从而获取PLC中有关数据。基于Win CC Web服务器构建了风电安装船Web服务器,远程用户通过Internet访问该Web服务器,实现了对海上风电安装船的远程监控。试验运行表明,该系统能很好地借助网络实现对海上风电安装的集中、远程监控,且稳定可靠。
