RESEARCH ON THE PERFORMANCE OF NEW TYPE OF PROPORTIONAL PESSURE AND FLOW CONTROL VALVE

A new closed loop flow controlling principle through correcting the valve'sopening area while load pressure is changing is carried out. Further more a principle using only oneproportional valve to compound control pressure and flow is suggested. By using very simpleproportional throttle valve in structure, the functions that five kinds of proportional valves orany two of them combined possess can be complimented. After analyzing, comparing, and testing thedynamic and static characteristics of valve with different controlling principles and main valvestructure styles, the optimized structure styles and control methods are achieved.

Rotational failure analysis of spherical-cylindrical shell pressure controllers related to gas hydrate drilling investigations

In situ pressure-preserved coring(IPP-Coring)technology is considered one of the most efficient methods for assessing resources.However,seal failure caused by the rotation of pressure controllers greatly affects the success of pressure coring.In this paper,a novel spherical-cylindrical shell pressure controller was proposed.The finite element analysis model was used to analyze the stress distribution and deformation characteristics of the pressure controller at different rotation angles.The seal failure mechanism caused by the rotation of the pressure controller was discussed.The stress deviation rate was defined to quantitatively characterize the stress concentration.Based on the test equipment designed in this laboratory,the ultimate bearing strength of the pressure controller was tested.The results show that the rotation of the valve cover causes an increase in the deformation on its lower side.Furthermore,the specific sealing pressure in the weak zone is greatly reduced by a statistically significant amount,resulting in seal failure.When the valve cover rotates 5°around the major axis,the stress deviation rate is-92.6%.To prevent rotating failure of the pressure controller,it is necessary to control the rotation angle of the valve cover within 1°around the major axis.The results of this research can help engineers reduce failure-related accidents,provide countermeasures for pressure coring,and contribute to the exploration and evaluation of deep oil and gas resources.

Concentric Annular Clearance-Controllable Pressure Characteristics Research of a High Pressure Pneumatic Pressure Assembly

High pressure is an important development orientation in pneumatic field,since it can not only improve dynamic characteristics of pneumatic system but also decrease the size of components and mounting space.Due to the advantages of high energy density and high instant expansibility,high pressure gas has been widely used in many applications.However,systematic researches are lacked especially in pressure characteristics which are very important in pneumatic system at present.In a high pressure pneumatic system,the pressure of a fixed cavity with annular clearance needs to be controlled within a wide range,so a single stage proportional slide valve is proposed to satisfy the requirements of high pressure and low flow rate.First,working principle and structure of the pressure assembly and the slide valve are introduced.Then mathematical model of the high pressure pneumatic system is built up;controllable pressure range is simulated,and influence of uncertain factors,such as fit clearance of the pressure valve and the cavity on controllable pressure,is discussed.Finally,a test bench of the pressure assembly is built up,and the controllable pressure and step response experiments are carried out.Both simulation and experimental results show that the designed slide valve can satisfy the requirements well.The proposed clearance presumption method based on simulation and experimental results is valuable for indirect measurement of processing tolerance.

Research on the Characteristics of Pneumatic PCM Control Valve

Based on the flow characteristic equation of air in adiabatic process, the characteristics of modulated on-off valve in a pneumatic pressure control system is analyzed theoretically. The relationship between the parameters and performance of the system is obtained, and it is also observed that the control error is proportional to the on-off period of the valve.

Novel miniature pneumatic pressure regulator for hopping robots

A novel miniature pressure regulator is fabricated and studied. The regulator can easily be integrated into portable mechatronics or miniature robotic applications because of its lightweight and compact size. An especial poppet is designed to minimize its size and to withstand high-pressure. The pressure regulator is designed for a hopping robot which is powered by a combustion system. The hopping robot has great moving capacities such as jumping over big obstacles, wails and dit- ches. The regulator helps the hopping robot to decrease size and weight, and to sustain high pres- sure of oxygen and fuel tank. It will maintain constant output pressure to obtain suitable proportion of oxygen and fuel in the combustion cylinder. Dynamic simulation of the miniature pneumatic pres- sure regulator is performed. Experiments on prototype of miniature pneumatic pressure regulator are also carried out to validate the performance and satisfied performance is obtained.

比例减压阀控制器硬件性能的影响因素和优化设计

比例减压阀是工程机械装备液压系统的压力控制元件,其压力控制性能直接受到控制器性能的影响。以比例减压阀用控制器为研究对象,建立控制器数学模型和整阀模型。然后,分析电阻、电感、频率和占空比对控制器输出电流大小和纹波的影响。其次,采用正交设计的方法,以电流、电流纹波为指标,综合考虑电阻、电感、PWM频率、PWM占空比等影响因素,优化设计控制器关键参数。最后,结合比例减压阀实物,验证优化后控制器的有效性。结果表明:控制器优化前的误差约为2.9%,控制器优化后的误差约为2.5%。研究成果为高性能比例减压阀研制奠定理论基础。

大豆叶面肥实时变量喷施控制系统设计与试验

针对当前大豆叶面肥喷施控制精度低、喷施效果差、肥料利用率低等问题,设计了一种大豆叶面肥实时变量喷施控制系统,主要包括光谱传感器、专用控制器、控制系统和多种反馈信号传感器。专用控制器以微控制单元为核心,通过增量式PID算法根据反馈信息处理工作调节变量喷施控制系统,搭建室内台架试验,验证调压比例阀在0.2~0.4 MPa范围内,流量增加了约2倍。通过室外试验采集数据做出喷雾机压力响应时间曲线,验证悬挂喷雾机搭配变量喷施控制系统可实现对压力实时调控,满足实时变量喷施控制系统的调节时间。研究结果可为大豆叶面肥变量喷施控制系统的研发提供理论基础。

某1000MW超超临界二次再热机组ATT跳闸原因分析及措施

某1000MW超超临界二次再热机组在进行阀门活动性试验(ATT)时,控制(EH)油压异常下降,随后汽轮机所有调节阀全关,触发了发电机逆功率保护,导致机组跳闸.基于油动机工作原理和数字式电液调节系统(DEH)逻辑中存在的调节阀防卡涩逻辑对该机组跳闸事件原因进行分析,并且提出处理建议及后续的防范措施.结果表明:通过严格控制EH油油质、优化试验流程、加强逻辑组态检查,可以有效避免ATT导致汽轮机跳闸.研究结果对同类型发电机组的调试及运行具有一定的参考意义.

Water hammer prediction and control:the Green's function method

By Green＇s function method we show that the water hammer （WH） can be analytically predicted for both laminar and turbulent flows （for the latter, with an eddy vis- cosity depending solely on the space coordinates）, and thus its hazardous effect can be rationally controlled and mini- mized. To this end, we generalize a laminar water hammer equation of Wang et al. （J. Hydrodynamics, B2, 51, 1995） to include arbitrary initial condition and variable viscosity, and obtain its solution by Green＇s function method. The pre- dicted characteristic WH behaviors by the solutions are in excellent agreement with both direct numerical simulation of the original governing equations and, by adjusting the eddy viscosity coefficient, experimentally measured turbulent flow data. Optimal WH control principle is thereby constructed and demonstrated.

基于外控恒压调速阀的垛式液压支架支柱承载特性分析

针对垛式液压支架降柱过程中立柱失速的问题,基于外控恒压调速阀改进平衡回路,研究立柱在负载作用下的承载特性。利用AMESim搭建液压支架平衡回路的仿真模型模拟立柱工作过程,分析外控恒压调速阀的结构参数对立柱承载特性及外控恒压调速阀阀口流量特性的影响。结果表明:立柱受到冲击时,安全阀开启卸荷;立柱下行时平衡回路作用防止立柱失速。减小外控恒压调速阀的阻尼孔直径与调控活塞面积可提高系统响应速度,平衡回路稳定性能提升,立柱承载特性得到改善。

比例减压阀控缸输出力的非线性自适应控制

针对所研制的一款采用双直动式三通比例减压阀控非对称液压缸驱动的刮板型输送带清扫器进行研究,提出了一种基于PI(Prandtl-Ishlinskii)逆模型前馈补偿的自适应控制算法,改善了比例减压阀固有的压力滞环、死区、增益等非线性,保证了清扫器刮板驱动扭矩的精度,实现了以恒定扭矩在刮板全寿命周期内的高效清洁.针对比例减压阀的滞环特性,采用带遗忘因子的递推最小二乘法在线辨识比例减压阀的PI模型参数,进而求解其逆模型作为线性自抗扰控制器的前馈补偿.仿真和实验结果表明,所提算法有效减小了比例减压阀的滞环、死区和增益等非线性,改善了比例减压阀控缸的动态响应,相较于PID算法,跟踪速度提升了65%,在100~700N·m范围内刮板驱动扭矩误差可控制在±2N·m以内.

船用三通调节阀流-固耦合噪声数值模拟

针对船用PN10DN32三通调节阀噪声声压频谱、声指向性等声学特性规律不明确,噪声声压级是否满足使用要求的问题,基于流-固耦合理论,同时考虑流-固耦合面及流体域内的脉动声学激励源,开展阀门噪声数值模拟研究。分别对三通调节阀在80%及60%开度阀外1 m处的噪声进行数值模拟,分析研究噪声声压频谱特性及声指向性规律。结果表明:80%及60%开度下的噪声声压级分别为49.14 dB(A)、50.79 dB(A),均小于60 dB(A)的噪声限制,满足使用要求。该文为船用三通调节阀噪声数值模拟提供了理论及方法参考。

被动式压力控制技术的高速列车车内压力计算方法研究

现有采用被动式技术的高速列车车内压力计算方法,未考虑压力保护阀实际工作状态及鸭嘴孔的影响,不利于准确预测通过隧道时的车内压力。基于被动式压力保护阀开闭控制技术路线和空调鸭嘴孔开闭对车体气密性的影响特征,建立列车通过隧道时的车内压力计算方法。在采用一维可压缩非定常不等熵流动模型黎曼变量特征线法获得车外压力后,分析单列车通过短、中长、长、特长隧道情况下压力保护阀开闭特征,并对比分析单列车通过隧道情景下现有计算方法与本文方法预测车内压力变化的差异;结合压力舒适性标准限值分析车内压力舒适性指标值。研究表明:本文计算方法合理可行,不仅能更精确预测被动式技术的高速列车车内压力变化规律,而且为压力保护阀开闭控制技术制定提供切实可行的空气动力学优化依据。

旁通阀结构对燃料电池系统阴极压力控制效果的分析

为减小压力波动对燃料电池寿命的不利影响,通过仿真及对比试验,探究增加旁通阀对阴极供给系统压力波动的改善效果。根据对燃料电池输出特性与各组件工作原理的分析,建立机理与控制模型;采用基于自抗扰的反向解耦方法实现流量与压力的解耦控制;运用模糊PI方法实现压力波动控制。通过Matlab/Simulink仿真验证了解耦方法在该系统结构下的控制效果,在对比试验中,压力波动峰值分别为无旁通阀1.82kPa与有旁通阀1.09kPa,旁通阀的增加减小了压力波动,使阴极流道压力的稳定性得到了更有效的控制,对提升燃料电池寿命有重要意义。

双膛石灰竖窑粉尘排放特性及控制技术研究

分析了石灰双膛竖窑在泄压过程中的粉尘排放特性,初始冲击波压力过高导致烟气无法直连布袋除尘器,这是造成粉尘污染的主要原因。弄清了初始冲击波的形成、传播与演化行为特征,比对了延长直管长度、增加弯管数量、增加变径结构与泄压腔体三种方式对冲击波压力的衰减效果,提出了一种基于压块泄压阀的柔性泄压直联布袋技术,将放散烟气初始冲击波压力由8 kPa降至1 kPa,达到烟气直连布袋、环境粉尘污染得到大幅改善的效果。同时,针对粉尘在阀体和管道中易沉降的难题,提出了一种基于3通内旋阀的扇形旋塞防沉降技术,解决了粉尘在阀体与管道系统内的沉降难题。

负载口独立控制阀控非对称缸压力跃变消除方法研究

针对液压同步控制系统中非对称缸换向时产生的压力跃变导致同步控制系统振荡甚至不稳定问题,提出一种基于负载口独立控制阀控非对称缸系统的换向压力跃变消除方法。分析了传统阀、非对称阀和负载口独立控制阀控非对称缸系统产生压力跃变的机理。在AMESim中搭建传统阀与负载口独立控制阀控非对称缸系统模型,在不同系统压力和给定信号下,对比分析了两种系统液压缸位置跟随及换向时两腔压力跃变情况。搭建了负载口独立控制阀控非对称缸系统实验台,验证了该方法的有效性。仿真与实验结果表明,采用负载口独立控制阀控非对称缸系统通过模糊自适应控制算法可以很好地实现位置跟随;可以完全消除非对称缸换向时的压力跃变,减小系统抖动,使得系统动作更加平稳;当液压缸以方波动作时,换向时压力冲击较正弦波动作时大。

基于FCM-GA灌溉供水管网减压阀布设优化

为探究灌溉供水管网中存在的漏损过高以及局部压力过大的问题,提出了一种基于FCM-GA的供水管网减压阀布设优化方法,该方法借助MATLAB、EPANET、MATLAB-EPANET-Toolkit以及PlatEMO平台等工具,对西班牙的BIN管网进行分区布置减压阀并优化阀后压力,以不同分区方案的成本与降漏效果为控制指标,筛选出最优方案。结果显示:最优方案(分5个区)将整个管网的漏损率降低至7.45%,相较初始管网降低了20.04%,降低的漏损费用可达114€/d,在减压阀服务年限内可收回成本并达到盈利,并实现对整个管网系统的压力管理,提高了管网的稳定性和可靠性,有利于减少管网事故发生。因此,基于FCM-GA的灌溉供水管网减压阀布设优化是一种安全、低成本和高效益的降漏与控压方法,在有效降低灌溉用水费用的同时,可更好地实现节水灌溉。

模式切换结合模糊PWM的气动容腔压力控制方法

容腔压力是管路系统的主要控制对象,用高速开关阀代替普遍使用的比例阀进行压力调控,可大幅降低系统成本。针对单腔双阀压力跟踪系统,提出了一种模式切换结合模糊PWM的气动容腔压力控制方法。该方法的目的是减小超调,降低调节时间,提高压力跟踪性能。首先由模糊控制器根据偏差给出占空比指令,然后通过引入PWM将开关量转换为连续量调节,进而通过快速切换开关阀的工作模式实现容腔内压力的精细化调节。仿真结果表明:阶跃响应的超调量小于0.6%,峰值时间0.15 s,调节时间0.16 s,同时能够很好的跟踪上0.5 Hz的谐波信号,与当前控制策略相比,超调量和调节时间均有明显的降低。

基于阀控缸电液系统的前馈-反馈联合控制策略研究

阀控缸电液系统应用广泛,提高其响应速度、控制精度与可靠性具有重要意义。传统闭环控制基于反馈误差调节,控制简单、稳定性好、易用于复杂系统,但存在时滞与稳定性问题;前馈控制作为一种开环控制方式,具有响应快、无时滞的优点,但控制效果依赖模型精度。针对上述问题,提出一种基于阀控缸电液系统的前馈-反馈联合控制策略,建立其数学模型,运用AMESim软件搭建仿真模型并进行可行性分析,通过实验建立伺服阀流量-压差-电压前馈参数表,最后基于Simulink建立变转速恒压油源实验平台并进行实验验证。仿真及实验结果表明:前馈-反馈联合控制可提高阀控缸电液系统的控制精度和响应性,相较于反馈控制方式跟踪精度提高45%,具有良好的综合控制效果。

不同结构参数对高速开关阀液压力的影响研究

因其具有价格低廉、抗污染性强等优点,高速开关阀已被广泛运用到各种车辆的制动系统中,其动态性能直接影响到车辆的制动效果,而阀芯所受的液压力是决定高速开关阀动态特性优劣的关键参数。针对不同参数对高速开关阀液压力的影响,以及实际工程中阀芯液压力难以测量的问题,采用计算流体动力学(CFD)对高速开关阀进行了数值模拟。首先,基于有限体积法(FVM),建立了不同开度、压差、温度、以及结构参数(阀座节流孔直径和锥角)的三维仿真模型;然后,对比不同网格数量的仿真结果,排除了网格数量对于仿真结果的影响,并详细分析了各参数对液压力的影响,得出了高速开关阀液压力与各参数之间的变化规律;最后,采用响应面分析结合遗传算法对开关阀的结构参数进行了优化。研究结果表明:随着阀芯开度的增加,节流区域发生了转变;较大的压差会导致液压力产生较大幅度的变化;相较于高温,低温对液压力有着更加显著的影响;对结构参数进行优化后,最小开度的液压力提高了49.2%,提高了阀控制稳定性,为高速开关阀线性控制设计提供了理论基础。