Empathizing with Emotional Robot Based on Cognition Reappraisal

This paper proposes a continuous cognitive emotional regulation model for robot in the case of external emotional stimulus from interactive person's expressions. It integrates a guiding cognitive reappraisal strategy into the HMM(Hidden Markov Model) emotional interactive model for empathizing between robot and person. The emotion is considered as a source in the 3D space(Arousal, Valence, and Stance). State transition and emotion intensity can be quantitatively analyzed in the continuous space. This cognition-emotion interactive model have been verified by the expression and behavior robot. Empathizing is the main distinguishing feature of our work, and it is realized by the emotional regulation which operated in a continuous 3D emotional space enabling a wide range of intermediate emotions. The experiment results provide evidence with acceptability, accuracy, richness, fluency, interestingness, friendliness and exaggeration that the robot with cognition and emotional control ability could be better accepted in the human-robot interaction(HRI).

Neural bases of reappraisal regulatory effect on negative emotion in high reappraisers

Previous studies have reported that individual differences in reappraisal use are associated with partJcular patterns of neural activity. We hypothesized that if ＇high reappraisers＇ （individuals who use reappraisal well in a behavioral experiment） completed two training sessions, they would exhibit more reliable patterns of neural activity related to cognitive reappraisal. In the present study, 13 high reappraisers were selected from 27 healthy volunteers through an initial behavioral experiment （first training） followed by a functional MRI experiment （second training）. Emotional images selected from the International Affective Picture System were used for both the behavioral and functional MRI sessions of the experiment. The behavioral results revealed that reappraisal reduced subjective unpleasantness. The functional MRI results revealed that the cognitive reappraisal used by high reappraisers decreased the activation of emotion-responsive regions, including the amygdala, insula, and cingulate gyrus, and increased the activation of regulation-related regions, including the inferior prefrontal cortex, orbital prefrontal cortex, and dorsal medial prefrontal cortex. These findings suggest the involvement of inferior orbital and dorsal medial prefrontal cortex in constructing reappraisal strategies that modulate activity in emotion-processing systems.

Qualitative reappraisal of perspectives,prevalence,and management of family violence among the Yoruba people:a study of representatives of some Yoruba ethnic subgroups from Ile Ife

Objective:The analysis of changing definitions and perspectives of violating behaviors within cultural contexts will inform the responses and interventions that will mostly reduce the occurrences of family violence.Methods:This study used focus group discussions of purposively selected participants to generate data that were analyzed using content with themes of definition,perspectives,prevalent forms,persons mostly affected,perpetrators,and management strategies among the Yoruba people.Results:There were multiple words and descriptions in the local Yoruba language for abuse and violence,but no single word for either of the two concepts.Common forms of family violence identified were verbal assaults from parents to children,among couples,siblings,physical assault of children by parents,physical assault of parents by children,neglect of children,parents,spouses mostly wives,sexual harassment,and sexual violence.Neglect of wives and children was perceived to be increasing,occurring in one in four houses.Sexual harassment and sexual violence were perceived to be rare,but the latter not an issue in marriage.A variant of sexual“touching”said to be tolerated with unmarried young people was identified as common among this ethnic group.Age and gender were dominant factors in the use of common forms of violence.Informal approaches were methods of management of family violence but perceived inadequate.Conclusions:This study concluded that family violence is a common phenomenon occurring among family members.Hence,formal acceptable interventions that will be appropriate for this ethnic subgroup are required.

How to establish precise proprietary Chinese medicine in post-marketing reappraisal?

The clinical efficacy and safety of proprietary Chinese medicine has become a more prevailing public health concern.The China Food and Drug Administration has pushed drug companies to conduct post-marketing reappraisal for proprietary Chinese medicine to provide additional evidence supporting the efficacy and safety of these medicine.In this paper,we propose a reappraisal protocol called“precise proprietary Chinese medicine”to precisely i)define the therapeutic aim;ii)design the protocol;iii)control the quality of proprietary Chinese medicine;iv)implement the protocol in the trial;v)study the mechanism-of-action of the proprietary Chinese medicine and vi)describe the indications of the proprietary Chinese medicine.We hope that these steps facilitate the post-marketing reappraisal of proprietary Chinese medicine.

Posttraumatic stress symptom trajectories of Chinese university students during the first eight months of the COVID-19 pandemic and their association with cognitive reappraisal,expressive suppression,and posttraumatic growth

Objective: To identify the moderating effects of cognitive reappraisal(CR) and expressive suppression(ES) on the relationship between posttraumatic stress(PTS) symptoms and posttraumatic growth(PTG) in university students. Methods: The survey included 1 987 Chinese university students who completed questionnaires on PTS symptoms in February 2020, with three follow-up surveys at two-month intervals until August 2020. We assessed CR and ES at February 2020 and PTG at August 2020. Growth mixture modeling was used to classify the PTS symptom trajectories. Multinomial logistic regression was used to recognize the predictors of class membership. The relationships among PTS symptoms, CR, ES, and PTG were examined using multi-group path analysis.Results: Sex, SARS-Co V-2 infection of a family member or friend, number of siblings, CR, and ES were significantly associated with PTS symptoms. Three latent classes were identified: ‘Increasing PTS’(n=205, 10.0%) who had rapid deterioration of PTS symptoms, ‘Moderate PTS’(n=149, 8.0%) who had a high level of PTS symptoms at the beginning and slightly increasing, and ‘Persistent Minimal PTS’(n=1 633, 82.0%), who had slow resolution of PTS symptoms over time. Male, SARS-Co V-2 infection of a family member or friend, and having a lower CR and a higher ES, were more likely to have ‘Increasing PTS’. PTS at February 2020 predicted PTG only in ‘Increasing PTS’ class, and both CR and ES had moderating effects on the conversion between them.Conclusions: Most students recovered from posttraumatic stress of COVID-19 pandemic, but a small proportion expeienced increasing PTS symptoms, and those with this condition may benefit from emotional regulation intervention.

Self-compression of femtosecond pulses in argon with a power close to the self-focusing threshold

Self-compression of femtosecond pulses in noble gases with an input power close to the self-focusing threshold has been investigated experimentally and theoretically. It is demonstrated that either multiphoton ionization （MPI） or space-time focusing and self-steepening effects can induce pulse shortening, but they predominate at different beam intensities during the propagation. The latter effects play a key role in the final pulse self-compression. By choosing an appropriate focusing parameter, action distance of the space-time focusing and self-steepening effects can be lengthened, which can promote a shock pulse structure with a duration as short as two optical cycles. It is also found that, for our calculation cases in which an input pulse power is close to the self-focusing threshold, either group velocity dispersion （GVD） or multiphoton absorption （MPA） has a negligible influence on pulse characteristics in the propagation process.

Characteristics of Self-Focusing Dueto the Pondermotive Forcein Laser-Plasma Interaction

The Max’s equation of self-focusing in laser-plasma interaction due to the pondermotive force has been discussed and its physical meaning of the assumption has been predicted. The characteristics of selffocusing due to the pondermotive force with different initial situations have been analyzed through the numerical calculation.

Transverse Localization of Light in 1D Self-Focusing Parity-Time-Symmetric Optical Lattices

Transverse localization of light is investigated numerically in a serf-focusing Kerr medium with a complex-valued optical lattice featuring parity-time symmetry. It is demonstrated that the light localization exists below the threshold of the spatial frequency of the lattices, and is further enhanced with the decrease of the spatial frequency. The influence of defects on the transverse localization is also discussed in detail. The results show that both positive and negative defects in such a medium would enhance the localization.

心理资本对大学生压力知觉的影响:认知重评的中介效应和表达抑制的遮掩效应

目的:考察心理资本对大学生压力知觉的影响以及认知重评的中介效应和表达抑制的遮掩效应。方法:利用心理资本问卷、情绪调节量表和压力知觉量表对1502名大学生进行问卷调查,采用SPSS 24.0进行描述性统计分析,采用PROCESS进行中介效应分析。结果:1压力知觉与心理资本(r=-0.67,P<0.001)、认知重评(r=-0.48,P<0.001)和表达抑制(r=-0.08,P<0.01)显著负相关,心理资本与认知重评(r=0.65,P<0.001)、表达抑制(r=0.18,P<0.001)显著正相关,认知重评与表达抑制(r=0.37,P<0.001)显著正相关;2中介效应结果表明,控制性别后,认知重评在心理资本对大学生压力知觉的影响间具有中介效应,表达抑制在心理资本对大学生压力知觉的影响间具有遮掩效应。结论:通过提升大学生的心理资本、增加大学生对认知重评策略的使用频率和减少对表达抑制策略的使用频率来降低其感知的压力。

内隐情绪信念与大学生心理幸福感:认知重评与心理韧性的链式中介效应

目的:探讨内隐情绪信念与大学生心理幸福感的关系,并考察认知重评和心理韧性在其中的作用机制。方法:采用内隐情绪信念问卷、情绪调节量表、心理韧性量表及心盛量表对1134名大学生进行问卷调查。结果:内隐情绪信念与认知重评、心理韧性及心理幸福感均呈显著正相关(r=0.443,0.502,0.464;P<0.01),认知重评、心理韧性与心理幸福感呈显著正相关(r=0.553,0.757;P<0.01)。认知重评、心理韧性分别在内隐情绪信念与心理幸福感间起部分中介作用;认知重评和心理韧性在内隐情绪信念与心理幸福感间起链式中介作用。结论:通过培养成长型内隐情绪信念,可以帮助个体主动使用认知重评等适应性调节策略来提高心理韧性,进而提升大学生的心理健康和幸福感水平。

正念训练对创业者创业坚持的长短期作用:积极重评和自我同情的中介与调节作用

为探析正念训练的长短期作用及作用机制,采用随机对照实验,在训练前后借助认知情绪调节量表、自我同情量表与创业坚持量表对225名创业者进行4期测量,得到900份有效数据。结果发现:(1)正念训练对创业坚持具有长短期的积极效果;(2)自我同情能够中介正念训练的长短期积极作用;(3)积极重评能够中介并调节正念训练与自我同情之间的积极关系。结果表明正念训练能够通过提高创业者的积极重评与自我同情进而促进创业坚持。

孕妇压力知觉对其产前抑郁的影响研究

目的 探讨孕妇压力知觉与其产前抑郁情绪间的关系及机制,为临床开展孕妇产前抑郁干预提供借鉴。方法 2020年6月至2021年1月,便利抽取广州市4所三级甲等医院门诊孕妇,使用爱丁堡产后抑郁量表、压力知觉量表、反刍思维量表和情绪调节问卷开展调查。结果 1055名被调查的孕妇产前抑郁情绪检出率为37.53%,产前抑郁与压力知觉、反刍思维均呈正相关(r=0.308,0.554,均P<0.01),与其认知重评呈负相关(r=-0.183,P<0.01)。孕妇反刍思维在其压力知觉和抑郁情绪间起中介作用,占总效应58.71%;认知重评在反刍思维中介模型中起调节作用(P<0.01);当孕妇认知重评水平较高时,压力知觉对其抑郁情绪间接预测作用较弱(β=0.652,0.222,均P<0.01),反之增强(β=0.987,0.291,均P<0.01)。结论 孕妇压力知觉可直接或通过反刍思维间接影响其抑郁情绪,并受认知重评调节。临床可通过提高孕妇认知重评水平,降低反刍思维,开展有针对性的产前抑郁干预。

高职大学新生认知重评策略与生命意义感的关系:基于潜在剖面分析

采用认知重评策略量表、生命意义感量表对1 119名高职大学新生进行问卷调查,使用潜在剖面分析探索高职大学新生认知重评策略的潜在类别,以及与生命意义感的关系。结果发现:高职大学新生认知重评策略与生命意义感存在显著正相关(r=0.32,P<0.01);高职大学新生认知重评策略可分为低认知重评策略组(10.4%)、中认知重评策略组(45.5%)和高认知重评策略组(44.1%)3个潜在类别;不同认知重评策略类别在高职大学新生生命意义感及各维度上得分均具有统计学意义(P<0.001),高认知重评策略组在生命意义感及各维度上的得分显著高于低认知重评策略组和中认知重评策略组。结论:高职大学新生认知重评策略具有明显的分类特征,与生命意义感关系密切。

积极认知重评对负性信息传播的调控及多维证据

积极认知重评的情绪调节功能已被广为证实,但该策略对情绪相关行为是否具有类似的调节作用并不清楚。考虑到虚假舆情信息的传播管控在网络安全领域的重要性,本研究通过两个实验,从行为和电生理层面考察积极认知重评在全貌未知(对发生原因不了解)负性信息传播中的调控作用及其作用机制。结果表明:(1)被试在进行积极认知重评后对全貌未知负性信息的负性情绪体验降低,道德判断标准放宽,转发行为减少。(2)积极认知重评降低了被试观看负性信息时其情绪注意相关的枕颞区早期后部负波(Early Posterior Negativity,EPN)波幅。中介分析进一步揭示,EPN在积极认知重评减少被试转发意愿和转发行为中发挥中介作用。该结果提示,积极认知重评策略能通过降低个体对情绪信息的注意偏向,从而有效减少个体对全貌未知负性信息的转发行为。

情绪自旋与大学生攻击行为:情绪调节策略的调节作用

研究探讨了情绪调节策略在情绪自旋对大学生攻击行为影响中的调节作用。采用分阶段跟踪测试的方法,首先在被试招募阶段使用情绪调节量表测量个体的认知重评和表达抑制策略,招募完成一周后启动为期14天、每天3次的当下核心情绪状态测评来获取个体的情绪自旋值,动态测评结束一周后使用“攻击行为量表”测量个体的攻击行为。对139名被试的有效跟踪数据进行分析,结果表明:认知重评在情绪自旋对攻击行为的影响中起到调节作用。在低认知重评组,情绪自旋对攻击行为有正向预测作用;但在高认知重评组,情绪自旋对攻击行为的影响不显著。

人工情感研究现状、特点及瓶颈突破

由于情感的激活是在个性、心境等内在因素和外在因素共同作用下完成的,并且情感状态的转移与变化过程又是相当复杂的,所以,人工情感建模对某些复杂的情感难免会有所疏漏,如对心境考虑不足。也就是说,尽管现阶段人工情感建模取得了一定的进步,但还远未达到理想的境地。现阶段人工情感建模的特点主要表现在:对个性强调有余,对共性等考虑不足。从哲学视角来看,由于目前的人工情感模拟主要依靠外力来完成,因此人工智能还算不上拥有了真正的情感。要实现人工情感模拟的突破,就要构建出源自其本身的意识情感机制,而这只有在未来的强人工智能时代才能实现,也就是说,当人工智能真正具有了意识与主体性、主观体验与感受性或主观情感体验与感受性时,才能真正实现。

正念教养对儿童问题行为的影响——3种父母情绪调节策略的不同作用

为了探讨正念教养与儿童问题行为(内部问题和外部问题)的关系以及父母情绪调节策略在其中的中介作用,本研究对498名小学生的父母进行了问卷调查,使用了人际正念问卷、情绪调节策略问卷、自我同情量表和儿童行为量表。结果显示:(1)正念教养显著负向预测儿童问题行为;(2)父母的自我同情在正念教养与两类儿童问题行为之间均有中介作用;(3)父母的认知重评在正念教养与两类儿童问题行为之间均无中介作用;(4)父母的表达抑制仅在正念教养与儿童外部问题之间有中介作用。上述结果表明,正念教养可以通过增加父母的自我同情和表达抑制减少或部分减少儿童的问题行为,父母认知重评的中介作用有待进一步考察。

军校学员压力知觉对焦虑情绪的影响:情绪调节策略的中介作用

目的探究军校学员压力知觉与焦虑情绪之间的关系是否受到情绪调节策略的影响。方法采用压力知觉量表、广泛性焦虑量表和情绪调节策略量表对204名军校学员进行调查。结果①压力知觉、表达抑制与军校学员焦虑情绪呈显著的正相关(r=0.620,0.345;P<0.01),认知重评与焦虑情绪呈显著负相关(r=-0.321;P<0.01)。②压力知觉对焦虑情绪的直接效应为0.203(95%CI:0.155~0.252),情绪调节策略在压力知觉和焦虑情绪间的部分中介效应值为0.035(95%CI:0.016~0.058)。③认知重评和表达抑制在压力知觉和焦虑情绪均存在显著的部分中介效应,认知重评和表达抑制各自的中介效应占总中介效应的45.7%、54.3%,后者在中介效应中占比大于前者。结论压力知觉不仅对军校学员的焦虑情绪产生直接影响,而且还通过认知重评和表达抑制间接影响焦虑情绪,故可以通过心理干预改变军校学员情绪调节方式的使用方式,从而达到降低其压力知觉对焦虑的不良影响的目的。

父母情绪社会化与大学生抑郁的关系:自我同情和认知重评的中介作用

目的:探讨父母情绪社会化与大学生抑郁的关系,以及自我同情和认知重评在其中的作用机制。方法:采用父母情绪社会化量表中文版、自我同情量表、情绪调节问卷以及抑郁症筛查量表PHQ-9对760名大学生进行问卷调查。结果:父母支持性情绪策略与大学生抑郁呈显著负相关(r=-0.48,P<0.01);父母非支持性情绪策略与大学生抑郁呈显著正相关(r=0.52,P<0.01)。父母情绪社会化对抑郁的直接效应显著,父母支持性情绪策略显著负向预测抑郁,效应值为-0.13,父母非支持性情绪策略显著正向预测抑郁,效应值为0.23;自我同情和认知重评分别在父母情绪社会化(支持性策略、非支持性策略)和抑郁之间的链式中介作用显著,链式中介效应值分别为-0.03、0.02。结论:父母情绪社会化不仅能直接影响大学生抑郁情绪,还能通过自我同情和认知重评间接作用于大学生抑郁。