To obtain intrinsic overcharge boundary and investigate overcharge mechanism,here we propose an innovative method,the step overcharge test,to reduce the thermal crossover and distinguish the overcharge thermal behavio...To obtain intrinsic overcharge boundary and investigate overcharge mechanism,here we propose an innovative method,the step overcharge test,to reduce the thermal crossover and distinguish the overcharge thermal behavior,including 5%state of charge(SOC)with small current overcharge and resting until the temperature equilibrium under adiabatic conditions.The intrinsic thermal response and the self-excitation behaviour are analysed through temperature and voltage changes during the step overcharge period.Experimental results show that the deintercalated state of the cathode is highly correlated to self-heating parasitic reactions.Before reaching the upper limit of Negative/Positive(N/P)ratio,the temperature changes little,the heat generation is significantly induced by the reversible heat(endothermic)and ohmic heat,which could balance each other.Following that the lithium metal is gradually deposited on the surface of the anode and reacts with electrolyte upon overcharge,inducing selfheating side reaction.However,this spontaneous thermal reaction could be“self-extinguished”.When the lithium in cathode is completely deintercalated,the boundary point of overcharge is about 4.7 V(~148%SOC,>40℃),and from this point,the self-heating behaviour could be continuously triggered until thermal runaway(TR)without additional overcharge.The whole static and spontaneous process lasts for 115 h and the side reaction heat is beyond 320,000 J.The continuous self-excitation behavior inside the battery is attributed to the interaction between the highly oxidized cathode and the solvent,which leads to the dissolution of metal ions.The dissolved metal ions destroy the SEI(solid electrolyte interphase)film on the surface of the deposited Li of anode,which induces the thermal reaction between lithium metal and the solvent.The interaction between cathode,the deposited Li of anode,and solvent promotes the temperature of the battery to rise slowly.When the temperature of the battery reaches more than 60℃,the reaction between lithium metal and solvent is accelerated.After the temperature rises rapidly to the melting point of the separator,it triggers the thermal runaway of the battery due to the short circuit of the battery.展开更多
Dynamic self-heating effect(SHE)of silicon-on-insulator(SOI)MOSFET is comprehensively evaluated by ultrafast pulsed I-V measurement in this work.It is found for the first time that the SHE complete heating response an...Dynamic self-heating effect(SHE)of silicon-on-insulator(SOI)MOSFET is comprehensively evaluated by ultrafast pulsed I-V measurement in this work.It is found for the first time that the SHE complete heating response and cooling response of SOI MOSFETs are conjugated,with two-stage curves shown.We establish the effective thermal transient response model with stage superposition corresponding to the heating process.The systematic study of SHE dependence on workload shows that frequency and duty cycle have more significant effect on SHE in first-stage heating process than in the second stage.In the first-stage heating process,the peak lattice temperature and current oscillation amplitude decrease by more than 25 K and 4%with frequency increasing to 10 MHz,and when duty cycle is reduced to 25%,the peak lattice temperature drops to 306 K and current oscillation amplitude decreases to 0.77%.Finally,the investigation of two-stage(heating and cooling)process provides a guideline for the unified optimization of dynamic SHE in terms of workload.As the operating frequency is raised to GHz,the peak temperature depends on duty cycle,and self-heating oscillation is completely suppressed.展开更多
The self-heating effect severely limits device performance and reliability.Although some studies have revealed the heat distribution ofβ-Ga_(2)O_(3) MOSFETs under biases,those devices all have small areas and have di...The self-heating effect severely limits device performance and reliability.Although some studies have revealed the heat distribution ofβ-Ga_(2)O_(3) MOSFETs under biases,those devices all have small areas and have difficulty reflecting practical con-ditions.This work demonstrated a multi-fingerβ-Ga_(2)O_(3) MOSFET with a maximum drain current of 0.5 A.Electrical characteris-tics were measured,and the heat dissipation of the device was investigated through infrared images.The relationship between device temperature and time/bias is analyzed.展开更多
应用任意地形河谷沉积层散射波源的格林函数公式,基于间接边界积分方程法(indirect boundary integral equation method,IBIEM),分析了SH波斜入射下梯形沉积河谷场地地震动特性和分布规律,研究了地震波斜入射角度、斜坡坡度、介质阻抗...应用任意地形河谷沉积层散射波源的格林函数公式,基于间接边界积分方程法(indirect boundary integral equation method,IBIEM),分析了SH波斜入射下梯形沉积河谷场地地震动特性和分布规律,研究了地震波斜入射角度、斜坡坡度、介质阻抗比对地震动特性及非一致分布规律的影响机制,深入分析了河谷散射效应对地基截断边界地震动场的影响规律。结果表明:斜入射使得河谷表面峰值位移的放大效应和非一致效应显著增强,最大峰值位移达入射地震动峰值的5倍以上;当河谷底宽较大时,沉积河谷的边缘效应明显;当底宽较小时,沉积河谷的聚焦效应明显,表面最大值出现在河谷中心处;斜坡坡度对楔形体内、外表面附近地表处的地震反应影响强烈,该现象可以由地表折射波干涉区域与斜坡坡度、入射角、波速的确定函数关系得到解释;随着阻抗比的增大,位移幅值放大越来越显著;当斜入射时,刚度越小的软弱沉积层对地震波传播起到的屏障作用越大;无论是空心河谷还是沉积河谷,散射效应对边界处地震动场影响都较为明显,相对于平坦基岩自由场,底边界、右边界误差最大可达30.8%,54.8%,应考虑将散射效应的总场作为输入。展开更多
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFB0104400)supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(2214066)。
文摘To obtain intrinsic overcharge boundary and investigate overcharge mechanism,here we propose an innovative method,the step overcharge test,to reduce the thermal crossover and distinguish the overcharge thermal behavior,including 5%state of charge(SOC)with small current overcharge and resting until the temperature equilibrium under adiabatic conditions.The intrinsic thermal response and the self-excitation behaviour are analysed through temperature and voltage changes during the step overcharge period.Experimental results show that the deintercalated state of the cathode is highly correlated to self-heating parasitic reactions.Before reaching the upper limit of Negative/Positive(N/P)ratio,the temperature changes little,the heat generation is significantly induced by the reversible heat(endothermic)and ohmic heat,which could balance each other.Following that the lithium metal is gradually deposited on the surface of the anode and reacts with electrolyte upon overcharge,inducing selfheating side reaction.However,this spontaneous thermal reaction could be“self-extinguished”.When the lithium in cathode is completely deintercalated,the boundary point of overcharge is about 4.7 V(~148%SOC,>40℃),and from this point,the self-heating behaviour could be continuously triggered until thermal runaway(TR)without additional overcharge.The whole static and spontaneous process lasts for 115 h and the side reaction heat is beyond 320,000 J.The continuous self-excitation behavior inside the battery is attributed to the interaction between the highly oxidized cathode and the solvent,which leads to the dissolution of metal ions.The dissolved metal ions destroy the SEI(solid electrolyte interphase)film on the surface of the deposited Li of anode,which induces the thermal reaction between lithium metal and the solvent.The interaction between cathode,the deposited Li of anode,and solvent promotes the temperature of the battery to rise slowly.When the temperature of the battery reaches more than 60℃,the reaction between lithium metal and solvent is accelerated.After the temperature rises rapidly to the melting point of the separator,it triggers the thermal runaway of the battery due to the short circuit of the battery.
文摘Dynamic self-heating effect(SHE)of silicon-on-insulator(SOI)MOSFET is comprehensively evaluated by ultrafast pulsed I-V measurement in this work.It is found for the first time that the SHE complete heating response and cooling response of SOI MOSFETs are conjugated,with two-stage curves shown.We establish the effective thermal transient response model with stage superposition corresponding to the heating process.The systematic study of SHE dependence on workload shows that frequency and duty cycle have more significant effect on SHE in first-stage heating process than in the second stage.In the first-stage heating process,the peak lattice temperature and current oscillation amplitude decrease by more than 25 K and 4%with frequency increasing to 10 MHz,and when duty cycle is reduced to 25%,the peak lattice temperature drops to 306 K and current oscillation amplitude decreases to 0.77%.Finally,the investigation of two-stage(heating and cooling)process provides a guideline for the unified optimization of dynamic SHE in terms of workload.As the operating frequency is raised to GHz,the peak temperature depends on duty cycle,and self-heating oscillation is completely suppressed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant Nos.61925110,62004184 and 62234007the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province under Grant No.2020B010174002.
文摘The self-heating effect severely limits device performance and reliability.Although some studies have revealed the heat distribution ofβ-Ga_(2)O_(3) MOSFETs under biases,those devices all have small areas and have difficulty reflecting practical con-ditions.This work demonstrated a multi-fingerβ-Ga_(2)O_(3) MOSFET with a maximum drain current of 0.5 A.Electrical characteris-tics were measured,and the heat dissipation of the device was investigated through infrared images.The relationship between device temperature and time/bias is analyzed.
文摘应用任意地形河谷沉积层散射波源的格林函数公式,基于间接边界积分方程法(indirect boundary integral equation method,IBIEM),分析了SH波斜入射下梯形沉积河谷场地地震动特性和分布规律,研究了地震波斜入射角度、斜坡坡度、介质阻抗比对地震动特性及非一致分布规律的影响机制,深入分析了河谷散射效应对地基截断边界地震动场的影响规律。结果表明:斜入射使得河谷表面峰值位移的放大效应和非一致效应显著增强,最大峰值位移达入射地震动峰值的5倍以上;当河谷底宽较大时,沉积河谷的边缘效应明显;当底宽较小时,沉积河谷的聚焦效应明显,表面最大值出现在河谷中心处;斜坡坡度对楔形体内、外表面附近地表处的地震反应影响强烈,该现象可以由地表折射波干涉区域与斜坡坡度、入射角、波速的确定函数关系得到解释;随着阻抗比的增大,位移幅值放大越来越显著;当斜入射时,刚度越小的软弱沉积层对地震波传播起到的屏障作用越大;无论是空心河谷还是沉积河谷,散射效应对边界处地震动场影响都较为明显,相对于平坦基岩自由场,底边界、右边界误差最大可达30.8%,54.8%,应考虑将散射效应的总场作为输入。
