Consumption and Culture： Understanding the Shaping of the New Brazilian Middle Class

In a recent historical process of economic stabilization and of social policies focused on the disadvantaged, major changes in the composition of the Brazilian social pyramid are happening. Driven by the increase of employment and income, in conditions of low inflation and abundant credit, millions of Brazilians have increased in recent years their purchasing power and started to acquire their own home and car--gaudiest symbols of joining the middle class--as well as a wide range of consumer goods. It appears that this set of transformations profoundly altered the perceptions and strategies of social mobility. So this phenomenon is being called the shaping of the new Brazilian middle class. The fact is that there is a group growing, sustained mainly by a decrease in income inequality. In this study, we attempted to draw a clear overview and some disagreements about the emergence of a new Brazilian middle class. On the topic of the emergence of a new Brazilian middle class, one can say that it is not a completely true fact, and that there was actually an expansion of the income of families who still harbor extreme ties with the working classes and why not, popular classes. What to some scholars would be the emergence of a new working class, whose average income is approaching the middle income of what is considered as the lower middle class？

The Consumption Practices and Identity Formation of the Chinese Middle Class in the Media Era

During the past 40 years following the reform and opening-up policy of 1978,China’s social structure has seen great changes,which include the birth and rapid development of the Chinese middle class as a derivative and consequence of modernization.They are the main source of consumption in contemporary China and display unique characteristics in their consumption practices.Consumption is not only a daily practice,but also a means of demonstrating and forming identity.In this media era,media play an important role in people’s consumption practices and identity formation.In this study,semi-structured interviews were carried out with members of the Chinese middle class to study the relationship between consumption,identity,and media through their oral accounts.Moreover,problems,including the characteristics of middle-class consumption practices and how they use consumption to form identity,were analyzed.This study not only complements studies on the sociology of consumption of the Chinese middle class,but also is of great practical significance for deepening our understanding of the behavioral and ideological characteristics of the Chinese middle class.

Biden Administration’s Foreign Policy for the Middle Class

The Biden administration’s political platform,set during the 2020 US presidential campaign,called for"a foreign policy for the middle class"and this has subsequently been instituted as a policy commitment.The new administration’s economic and trade policy targets enhancing US competitiveness,setting rules for economic globalization and keeping good relations with democratic states.Security policy emphasizes diplomatic means over military practices.The foreign policy for the middle class aims to resolve differences in the Democratic Party between traditional Democrats and progressives.It is also crafted to solve domestic and international problems and burnish America’s international image,but it faces an uphill battle if it wishes to restructure foreign policy to serve the needs of the American middle class.

The Critical Significance of Middle Class America for a Collective U.S. Prosperity and Socioeconomic Sustainability

The shrinking size of middle class in the U.S. has motivated this research work. The focus of this research has been on sustainability of society through middle-class promoting public policy. We have estimated three various regression equations to test the significance of several socio-economic variables on what would define some desirable indices of healthier nations such as mean years of schooling, human development, and quality of life. Quality of life in certain countries such as Norway, Denmark, etc., is highlighted as best, compared to many other nations of the world. We have introduced a better measure of quality of life and estimated the empirical impacts of some explanatory variables, such as healthcare, property price to income ratio, and pollution on that index of life quality. An implication of this study for public policy would be revealed in clear needs for reducing pollution, more income creating innovative objectives, while healthcare accessibility and the corresponding costs to citizens must be brought down.

Marketing Factors Affecting Middle Class Consumer’s Buying Decision in Housing Market in Nanning City

It is important to study the relationship between marketing factors and purchase decisions of middle-class consumers in Nanning housing market.This study will investigate the factors influencing people decision to purchase houses in Nanning City.The extrinsic housing attributes at this study consist of environmental attributes and location attributes.I have a limited understanding of the purchase behavior of Nanning home buyers in Nanning City.This study adopts the data collection methods of e-mail and field survey.Based on 509 questionnaires,the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics analysis and logistic regression.The results show that location attributes,such as school districts,positively influence housing purchase decisions in Nanning City.This study contributes to an improved understanding of home buyers’decision making in Nanning City.The beneficiaries of this study include home buyers and marketers and academic institutions.To better meet home buyers’needs and achieve a competitive advantage,marketers can use the research outcomes to focus more on those housing purchase factors that significantly influence house buyers’purchase decision making.

A Cross-Cultural Initiative： Engaging China＇s Middle Class

This study provides an evaluation of China＇s growing middle class, the new consumers for world economies and estimated to be 300-500 million people. By using internal analysis of market and nonmarket variables, we detail how the future growth rate of the middle class is dependent on three issues： domestic consumption trends of Generation Y in China, the valued opportunity of the science and technology industry, and the importance of maintaining a strong work force able to increase productivity. In particular, we discuss market demands from Generation Y, products best suited for Chinese consumers, and the effect social-economic inequalities in Western China will have on development measures of the middle class. Based on data collection, interviews, library research and econometric analyses, we show how these above issues will continue to influence consumer behavior, reform policies, and the growth of the middle class in China. It is important to note that economic growth and prosperity in China will only continue if the national government and private institutions, along with the international agendas of other countries, are in balance, and not excess, of the resources and capabilities available for desired growth levels.

A Study On the Structural Dimension of Middle Class Relational Identification in Chinese Context

Through in-depth interviews,this study makes an exploratory study on the dimension of the middle class relational identification in Chinese context by using the grounded theory.It is mainly composed of 4 dimensions:relational orientation,relational adaptation,relational evaluation and relational development.According to the four dimension model of middle class relational identification,the middle class relational identification in China is the cognitive and behavioral orientation that in the action of achieving a certain purpose,because of the perception of consistence with each other in role cognition and personal cognition,the middle class is willing to unite and trust,respect and understand and coordinate the conflict to adapt to this relationship,and then to form a positive evaluation of the relationship and a sense of belonging and commitment to this relationship.The construction of the structural dimension of middle class relational identification in China is conducive to explaining the endemic phenomena of Chinese middle class.

White Collar:The Middle Classes

White Collar:The American Middle Classes is a famous book written by Mills,C.Wright.In this book,Mills gave a description of the emergence of a"new class",the white-collar workers,during that age in US.He also mentioned about their life styles and their political consciousness.This thesis is to compare the different definitions of middle class in China and in US,and comment on the life styles and the political consciousness of the white collars in China.

Research on Situational Teaching of Junior Middle English Class from the Perspective of Life-orientation

The regression of instruction to life raises as a developmental tendency of course reform among the world. Emphasis on the connection between instruction and students' lives has become an important aspect of curriculum reform. The student learner's role and the development of students' potentials in their lives also have been emphasized; all these conceptions provide broad space for the implementation of life-orientation of instruction. Situational teaching emphasizes that students should be regarded as the nucleus of the class. Through acquiring knowledge by themselves, they can bear the knowledge in their mind and improve their communicating ability. The teaching activity should always obey the rule of students centered and teacher aided and make sure that the teaching atmosphere can be kept in an authentic situation. And the most important thing that will be talked about is how to apply situational teaching in Junior Middle English Class.

成为好爸爸:城市中产家庭养育模式的变迁与新“父职”实现路径

随着社会转型与发展,父职参与在延续传统的同时亦经历着变迁。通过对上海中产家庭父母进行的参与式观察以及深度访谈发现,城市中产阶级男性的父职参与正在经历从被动到主动转变的过程:一方面是受到社会文化、教育环境的影响,另一方面他们从个人成长历程和工作的意义出发进行了反身性思考和实践。在这个过程中,男性作为父亲的主体性得以浮现,懂得了“为何做父亲”“如何做父亲”。

生活革命背景下的都市新民俗:中产人群的健身消费

随着经济的快速增长和城市化社会的来临,当代中国发生了大规模的生活革命。迅速崛起的都市新中产人群成为新生活方式的代表,由他们所引领的生活革命不仅表现在日常基本需求的变革上,更体现在对新型都市生活的形塑上。各大城市遍地开花的健身房不仅是锻炼身体的功能性场所,更成为中产人群彰显身份认同、构建生活方式、获取情感支持的重要空间,并因其被赋予的意义而形成了都市新民俗。基于此,从“生活革命”的视角重新审视商业性健身房这一以中产人群为主要消费群体的空间,分析健身消费作为都市新民俗的特点及意义,对于进一步挖掘生活革命的广阔内涵、理解我国新时代的都市生活具有重要的启发。

角色游戏促进中班幼儿社会自立-安全常识发展的个案研究

为探究角色游戏对中班幼儿社会自立-安全常识发展的作用,研究采用单被试A-B实验设计,选取3名社会自立-安全常识发展水平较低的中班幼儿为被试,通过角色游戏对其社会自立-安全常识进行干预。结果表明:角色游戏能够促进中班幼儿社会自立-安全常识的发展,三名个案在干预期和追踪期的社会自立-安全常识均高于基线期。结论:角色游戏能有效提高幼儿的社会自立-安全常识水平。教师和家长可以通过角色游戏培养幼儿的社会自立-安全常识,促进幼儿的安全常识养成和独立自主性发展。

17-18世纪朝鲜王朝委巷文人诗社考辨

委巷文人是一个与两班文人相对的概念,构成较为复杂,既有来自朝鲜朝中人阶层的译官、医官、画员等,也有来自于最底层的奴婢、胥吏等。学界认为,17-18世纪委巷文人诗社主要有:枕流台诗社、三清洞诗社、洛社、松石园诗社,但以上并非皆可称为诗社。其中枕流台诗社当改为枕流台唱酬;三清洞诗社当改为三清洞诗会;洛社虽非严格意义上的诗社,但是初具诗社的雏形,可以继续沿用该名称;松石园诗社是朝鲜王朝第一个正式的委巷文人诗社。委巷文人通过社集的方式联络感情、寻找阶层归属感,亦编撰了委巷诗人诗选,委巷文人社会力量的壮大与社集密不可分。

公权还是私利:中产阶层业主抗争的实践样态与本质诉求

随着大规模城市改造和住房商品化进程的持续推进,“业主抗争”作为一种新兴的社会现象日益引起学界的广泛关注。从“冲突—阶层”视角来看,中产阶层业主抗争与以公共权益维护为旨向的“业主维权”具有本质上的诉求差异。通过对中产阶层社区业主抗争行动背后的主观意志和目标导向的检视,可以发现其隐藏在“反应性诉求”外衣下的“竞争性诉求”的内核,而“分利集团”才是抗争业主群体的本质属性。其抗争争取的是个人私利,而非业主的公共权益,甚至他们对“私利”的争取是以牺牲“公权”为代价的。对于中产阶层业主抗争实践的分析,有助于在对中产阶层的社会稳定功能寄予厚望的同时保持审慎的理性。

智能时代的职业风险对主观阶层认同的影响

本文从风险视角切入,揭示了在人工智能时代的背景下职业风险影响主观阶层认同的作用机制,厘清了阶层认同风险逻辑与资源逻辑的区别与联系,超越了以往基于资源逻辑的“阶层认同形成理论”。研究发现,智能时代的职业风险具有显著的阶层认同下移效应,失业风险和收入风险是职业风险影响阶层认同的双重传导机制。资源逻辑对职业风险的阶层认同下移效应具有调节效应,拥有更多资产的劳动者,职业风险对阶层认同的降低作用相对较弱;相对而言,中等收入群体面临的职业风险更高,从而使其阶层认同下移程度更大。本文从风险视角解释了主观阶层认同的下偏现象,同时较好地回应了中等收入群体“低位认同”的“时代之力”,对理解数字经济下社会分层的变化趋势有启发意义。

教育戏剧影响中班流动幼儿社会情感能力的实证研究

流动儿童作为社会弱势群体,往往面临情感忽视、校园霸凌等风险。探讨和支持流动儿童社会情感能力发展具有重要意义。本研究采用多组前后测设计,辅以个案观察、访谈、教学日志等定性数据,选取某市城中村一所民办普惠幼儿园各27名中班幼儿分别作为实验组和对照组,针对实验组开展连续12周共24次教育戏剧活动。结果发现:在共情与亲社会行为方面,两组前测差异不显著,干预后实验组幼儿共情与亲社会行为得分显著高于对照组;在认知控制、情绪表达和情绪调节方面,两组前测差异不显著,干预后实验组虽得分优于对照组但差异不显著。这说明,教育戏剧能促进中班流动幼儿社会情感能力发展,其中对共情和亲社会行为的发展能起到有效的促进作用。教育戏剧能为指导流动幼儿社会情感能力发展提供有益参考,幼儿园应以教育戏剧为契机形成适宜的园所课程并持续开展,教师可将戏剧范式应用到一日生活和其他教育活动中解决流动幼儿社会交往的实际问题,将幼儿的戏剧体验转化为个人能力。同时,注重家园社协同育人,共同关注流动儿童社会情感能力的发展。

“双减”政策下中小学课后延时体育服务协同治理的现实挑战与实践路径

“双减”政策下,为破解多主体间协同性不足的问题,促进政家校社协同育人,共同促进中小学生参与课后延时体育服务具有重要的理论价值与现实意义。运用文献资料法和逻辑分析法,基于协同治理理论,以治理主体—治理目标—治理方式—治理过程为分析框架,探究课后延时体育服务协同治理的现实挑战和实践路径。研究认为,课后延时体育服务协同治理仍存在“部门墙”现象,表现为治理主体结构失衡,治理目标考核异化,治理方式手段有限,治理过程协同不足等问题,导致非政府组织参与度较低,合作共识尚未达成,多元治理模式尚未形成,协同机制有待建立。提出,以制度建设为保障,以价值理性为导向,以多元联动为根基,以平等协商为手段,确定治理主体参与的合理性,提高治理目标考核的科学性,丰富治理方式供给的多样性,提升治理过程运行的流畅性等实践路径。

高中数学课堂中问题串设置艺术探研

问题串是指按照某一特定规则与方法,精心设计而成的多个问题的集合。文章在分析问题串教学法的内涵与特征、问题串的类型与设置原则的基础上,从情境导入、知识生成、例题教学、课堂小结、复习课教学、规律教学等角度,探究高中数学课堂中问题串的设置策略,并提出问题串设计应注意的问题:充分结合学生已有经验、提高问题串设计能力、准确把握问题串教学的关键环节、增强问题串设计的灵活性,以此充分发挥问题串教学法的作用,促进课堂教学效率以及学生学习效率的提升。

高中思想政治课议题式翻转课堂教学刍议

议题式翻转课堂教学法是翻转课堂与议题式教学法二者的结合,以新课程改革理念为指导,以有效培育学生核心素养为目标,以翻转课堂为手段,以议题贯穿课堂活动始终,强调通过师生间的合作和互动,鼓励学生分享想法,引导学生主动建构学科知识框架,树立正确的情感态度与价值观。教师在高中思想政治课教学中采用议题式翻转课堂教学法时,应在课前准备、课中实施、课后评价等环节进行精心设计和合理应用,以更好地培养学生的思想政治素养。

情绪化体罚:城市新中产母职的情感工作困境

在科学养育的语境下,体罚已成为城市新中产养育实践的禁忌。尽管新中产阶层的母亲对体罚普遍持否定态度,并对代际传承有一定的防范意识,这使得由慢性环境压力源引起的体罚大致可控;但由急性情境压力源引发的情绪化体罚仍然时有发生,而且难以自控。情感工作是密集母职的重要组成部分,面对情绪化体罚,母亲既要关注自身作为独立个体的情感权利,又要顾及被粗暴对待后需要安抚的儿童。在这样的情境中,母亲常常陷入消极挣扎的情感体验中,导致母职的情感活动呈现矛盾重重的实践困境。