Quankum Effects of a Dissipative Mesoscopic Circuit with Mutual Inductance

We study the quantum fluctuations of the charge and current of two L-C dissipative mesoscopic circuit with the mutual inductance in the vacuum state.Our results show that the system state will evolve to a squeezed coherent state under the effect of external source.We find that the squeezing amplitude parameter is relative to the parameters of circuit and the mutual-inductance coefficient in the existence of dissipation.When the circuit has no dissipation or there is complete coupling between two meshes,the squeezing amplitude parameter only depends on the capacitance's ratio.

Simulation on Calculation Accuracy of Three Methods for Live Line Measuring the Parameters of Transmission Lines with Mutual Inductance

Live line measurement methods can reduce the loss of power outages and eliminate interference. There are three live line measurement methods including integral method, differential method and algebraic method. A simulation model of?two coupled parallel transmission lines spanning on the same towers is built in PSCAD and the calculation errors of these three methods are compared with different sampling frequencies by using of Matlab. The effect of harmonic on calculation is also involved. The simulation results indicate that harmonic has the least effect on the algebraic method which provides stable result and small error.

Mutual Inductance Calculation Between Arbitrarily Positioned Polygonal Coils

Polygonal coil systems are designed for increasing and more kinds of sensors and electromagnetic systems.This paper presents a method for calculating mutual inductance between polygonal coils including irregular polygons.Based on the Biot-Savart law,the method calculates mutual inductance by dividing a polygonal coil into finite wires,and expresses the magnetic induction intensity generated by the excitation coil as a function of the spatial position of each vertex of the coil.The calculation method of the feasible region of the objective function is updated and the calculation process is simplified,so the calculation accuracy is improved.For octagon coils arbitrarily positioned in space,the accuracy of the algorithm is verified by the simulation and experiment.

Live Line Measuring the Parameters of 220 kV Transmission Lines with Mutual Inductance in Hainan Power Grid

A live line measurement method for the zero sequence parameters of transmission lines with mutual inductance is introduced. The mathematical models of the measurement method are given. Global Positioning System (GPS) is used as the synchronous signal for the measurement carried out at different substations simultaneously. The measurement system and digital simulation results are given. Finally, the live line measurement results of two 220 kV transmission lines with mutual inductance in Hainangrid are given. Results from both simulation and on-site measurement show that the live line measurement method is feasible, and its measurement accuracy can satisfactorily meet the requirements of engineering measurement.

A Novel Computing Method for Mutual Inductance

The design process for integrated inductors generally requires a geometry optimization step. During this step, many geometries must be simulated and fast and accurate formulae are therefore required for the computation of self and mutual inductances of turns. This paper especially deals with numerical evaluation of the mutual inductance of two coaxial circular wire loops. Several computation methods are presented and compared. Finally, an expression is built-up and proven to be very few computing time consuming and 1% accurate for any kind of geometry. The application of this expression to integrated inductive components modelization is recalled to mind, however, this work gives a general and fast computable solution to the electromagnetic problem.

Cone-shaped source characteristics and inductance effect of transient electromagnetic method

Small multi-turn coil devices are used with the transient electromagnetic method （TEM） in areas with limited space, particularly in underground environments such as coal mines roadways and engineering tunnels, and for detecting shallow geological targets in environmental and engineering fields. However, the equipment involved has strong mutual inductance coupling, which causes a lengthy turn-off time and a deep “blind zone”. This study proposes a new transmitter device with a conical-shape source and derives the radius formula of each coil and the mutual inductance coefficient of the cone. According to primary field characteristics, results of the two fields created, calculation of the conical-shaped source in a uniform medium using theoretical analysis, and a comparison of the inductance of the new device with that of the multi-turn coil, show that inductance of the multi-turn coil is nine times greater than that of the conical source with the same equivalent magnetic moment of 926.1 A·m2. This indicates that the new source leads to a much shallower “blind zone.” Furthermore, increasing the bottom radius and turn of the cone creates a larger mutual inductance but increasing the cone height results in a lower mutual inductance. Using the superposition principle, the primary and secondary magnetic fields for a conical source in a homogeneous medium are calculated; results indicate that the magnetic behavior of the cone is the same as that of the multi-turn coils, but the transient responses of the secondary field and the total field are more stronger than those of the multi-turn coils. To study the transient response characteristics using a cone-shaped source in a layered earth, a numerical filtering algorithm is then developed using the fast Hankel transform and the improved cosine transform, again using the superposition principle. During development, an average apparent resistivity inverted from the induced electromotive force using each coil is defined to represent the comprehensive resistivity of the conical source. To verify the forward calculation method, the transient responses of H type models and KH type models are calculated, and data are inverted using a “smoke ring” inversion. The results of inversion have good agreement with original models and show that the forward calculation method is effective. The results of this study provide an option for solving the problem of a deep “blind zone” and also provide a theoretical indicator for further research.

A fitted formula for calculation of three-section solenoids inductance

An algorithm for precisely calculating the inductance of a three-section solenoid is presented, which is based on summing the layer self-inductances and the mutual inductances. A theoretical model with ex plicit expressions is firstly developed to calculate the self-inductance of a single layer, and then numerical calcu lation of the mutual inductance between two layers is introduced. Using the presented computation method, the inductance of a solenoid designed in the experiment is successfully calculated （4.30 mH）, which has a difference of less than 1% from the experimental data.

基于互感稳定性提升的电动汽车无线充电研究

针对采用磁耦合谐振式无线电能传输技术的动态电动汽车无线充电过程中,汽车底部的能量接收线圈在直线行驶和转弯过程中发生的互感跌落、互感波动率增大的问题,提出一种源自BP(Bipolar Pad)线圈结构的改良式接收线圈,从而达到平稳接收互感,增强无线传输过程中稳定性的目的。该改良式线圈通过双线圈分别贴合轨道内外径的方式解决了传统BP线圈因解耦而造成的正对耦合有效面积的减少,并利用Ansys/Maxwell软件进行仿真寻优,得到补偿线圈的合理设计位置及相对大小。实验数据表明,无论在汽车转弯还是直线行驶过程中,新型接收线圈均可以在一定程度上抑制互感波动,增强接收互感数值。互感波动率优化峰值为5.1%,互感接收情况较传统BP线圈最大提升28.7%。

无线电能传输系统最大效率追踪及恒压输出复合控制方法

针对无线电能传输(WPT)系统的传输效率受耦合线圈之间的互感以及负载影响的特点,该文提出一种基于阻抗匹配技术的最大效率追踪及基于前馈PI控制的恒压输出复合控制方法。首先,对双边LCC型WPT系统的参数和传输效率进行分析,通过调整系统参数优化系统的传输效率。其次,在二次侧使用DC-DC变换器采用阻抗匹配的方法实现最大效率追踪,同时在一次侧采用DC-DC变换器利用前馈PI控制器闭环控制负载端电压实现恒压输出。该方法中,效率追踪和电压控制之间相互独立,互不干扰。此外,该方法还通过系统工作时的电路参数来估算线圈间的互感值,并通过线性拟合的方法对该估算互感值进行修正,得到更精确的互感估算值。最后,通过搭建实验平台验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。与PI控制相比,前馈PI控制方法在快速性和抗扰动性上均具有明显优势。

多方位无线电能传输耦合机构设计与分析

针对传统的多方位无线电能传输耦合机构常采用xyz正交圆线圈结构,需要3个电源且充电区域受线圈结构限制的问题,提出1种新型多方位无线电能传输耦合机构,该机构由2组8字型线圈和1组圆形线圈组合而成,整体呈现5个不同方位的圆环状,仅需单电源供电。对基于S-S型发射端拓扑进行了改进,通过对电路的操控改变线圈磁场分布,实现了线圈的内、外部电能传输,拓宽了充电区域。基于线圈结构,建立了该耦合机构的数学模型,推导出任意空间位置的互感和效率计算式。通过仿真和试验确定了该耦合机构的最佳工作区域。

电动汽车无线充电系统中弯道互感优化研究

针对采用感应耦合电能传输技术的电动汽车无线充电过程中,汽车内部的能量拾取线圈在转弯过程中互感下降问题,提出使用内嵌入圆形线圈进行补偿,并通过遗传算法、理论推导和仿真验证,得到了补偿线圈最优化匝数和统一规格参数。通过搭建COMSOL Multiphysics平台、MATLAB/Simulink平台结合的仿真平台和实物实验平台,实验数据证实:在转弯时采用内嵌圆形线圈进行补偿,优化补偿后互感波动保持在±0.4%左右,由于互感波动的平稳,使得电动汽车能量拾取系统电压优化补偿后波动为3.6%。

无线电能传输带凸字环形有界磁屏蔽任意位置圆形线圈互感计算方法

互感是无线电能传输系统中的重要参数之一,精确计算互感可为无线电能传输设计及优化提供理论依据,然而目前带凸字环形有界磁屏蔽任意位置圆形线圈互感计算问题还未解决。该文提出空间边界矢量解析法对互感进行精确求解。此方法通过边界条件求解各区域磁矢势,利用空间矢量坐标变换法,结合诺依曼公式得到任意位置互感计算表达式。通过仿真和实验对所提公式的有效性进行验证,互感计算值和实验值之间误差最大为2.86%。互感计算值、仿真值和实验值吻合良好,验证了所提计算方法的正确性。该文所提模型结构,可为水下供电提供更灵活的布局,且在同等规格下,该模型结构相比传统圆盘形结构节省19.6%的材料,其除高角度偏转外互感可达到圆盘形互感的99%。

基于密绕小直径线圈的磁感应透地无线起爆系统性能分析

为了在矿区开采时实现安全便携的透地无线起爆,提出了地上发射端采用密绕小直径线圈的磁感应透地无线起爆方案,并建立了地面发射线圈与地下接收线圈等效耦合电路分析模型,推导了地下接收端负载的电压表达式,用地面发射线圈与地下接收线圈间的互感系数表征了收发线圈间耦合强度的大小。由于地面发射线圈与地下接收线圈间的相对位置关系不是平行共轴,传统基于平行且共轴线圈的互感公式不再适用,本文从磁矢位出发推导出了考虑涡流效应的具有一般位置关系的单匝圆线圈间互感系数的通用表达式。由于地面发射线圈采用横放模式存在爆破盲区,地面发射线圈应采用竖放模式。基于负载电压公式分析了发射线圈半径与匝数、发射信号频率和垂直透地深度对透地起爆系统地下接收端负载电压和水平覆盖距离的影响。仿真结果表明:发射线圈采用竖放模式的透地无线起爆系统的水平覆盖距离可达到200~300m;随着透地深度的增加,系统的水平覆盖距离逐渐降低,但可以通过适当增加发射线圈半径和匝数、降低发射信号频率的方式提高透地无线起爆系统的水平覆盖距离,以满足在不同规模矿区开采应用场景下的透地无线起爆需求。

平面螺旋线圈电感参数解析计算模型研究

利用无线电能传输系统无需电气连接即可实现电能传输的特性,电网监测设备可直接从电网高压侧取能.系统线圈电感参数与无线电能传输系统的传输效率、恒压增益、恒流增益、传输功率密切相关,因此对线圈的电感参数的精确建模尤为重要.首先,将平面螺旋线圈等效为具有相同匝数的等间距同心圆,然后,从磁矢势的定义出发,推导并建立了平面螺旋线圈的互感和自感的解析表达式.先后基于Aglent 4294A和Comsol Multphysics对密集绕制型和松散绕制型平面螺旋线圈的电感分别进行验证.研究表明,平面螺旋线圈的自感模型和互感模型的最大误差分别为4.12%和4.90%.因此,本文所提平面螺旋线圈电感参数解析计算模型具有较高计算准确度,同时兼顾密集绕制和松散绕制型线圈,无适用条件限制.

LVDT重复性影响因素及优化方法研究

针对LVDT在使用中重复性受外界因素影响的问题,进行了理论分析与软件仿真,认为LVDT的铁心受干扰时会产生径向跳动,从几何关系与磁场两方面使测量结果产生误差。文中设计了LVDT重复性测试系统,在LVDT量程范围内选取5、15、25 mm 3个测量点进行测试,结果表明理论分析与实际测试具备良好的一致性。为提高LVDT的重复性,提出用精密直线轴承限制LVDT铁心的径向运动。优化后,5、15、25 mm处测量值的重复性标准差分别从0.07323、0.12633、0.15966 mm降低到0.03757、0.04868、0.04301 mm,测量值的离散程度明显减小,验证了优化方法的可行性和有效性。

一种新型高精度互感式位移传感器

提出了一种采用差分结构设计,硅钢片作为铁芯的双E型互感式差分位移传感器,分析了该传感器的基本原理并采用有限元仿真得到传感器最佳线性度时对应的线圈匝数,相对于传统双U型结构,双E型互感式差分位移传感器的测量范围更大,线性度更好。原理样机的试验结果表明,当磁浮飞轮转子间隙在0~1.5 mm之间线性变化时,双E型互感式差分位移传感器的线性度为3.87%,满足磁浮飞轮转子位移测量要求。另外,双E型互感式差分位移传感器还具有结构简单,价格低廉,便于安装的优点。

电动汽车动态无线充电系统弯道互感跌落研究及改进

针对目前电动汽车动态无线充电系统的发射线圈多采用分段导轨结构实现接力式动态无线充电,但系统在导轨切换处存在较大的互感跌落导致系统传输效率降低且在弯道处更加突出这一问题,建立弯道动态无线充电模型,通过理论分析推导原、副线圈互感与偏转角度的关系,提出1种弯道处导轨发射线圈的改进结构并进行仿真分析,搭建基于共振磁耦合的弯道动态无线充电平台并进行实验。仿真与实验结果表明,采用改进型导轨发射线圈结构后无线充电系统互感跌落现象显著减小,在偏移角度最大处系统传输效率提升了8.66%,验证了改进型线圈结构的有效性。

基于无迹卡尔曼滤波水下WPT系统副边关键参数在线辨识

为提升无线电能传输(wireless power transfer,WPT)系统传输性能,需在控制过程中实时获取负载与耦合系数等关键信息,而该信息的获取目前普遍采用无线通讯模块或增加额外通信线圈等方式,增加了系统复杂度,尤其面临复杂水下工况及高频电磁环境,在通讯过程中极易造成通讯异常而导致系统瘫痪。为此,文中提出一种新型基于无迹卡尔曼滤波的WPT系统互感及负载关键参数在线识别方法,该方法仅需采样原边侧电压瞬时值,即可实时获取互感与负载等关键参数信息。同时为提升辨识精度与收敛速度,采用离线式神经网络指导粒子群优化算法建立系统噪声协方差矩阵。实验结果表明,该算法具有模型简单、计算精度较高等特点,在变负载、变移相控制角及偏移情况下,所提出的在线辨识方法对负载与互感的最大识别误差分别为6.19%和1.7%,且2 ms左右即可完成负载的动态识别,具有一定的工程应用价值。

磁耦合式井下随钻数据传输系统设计

针对煤矿井下普通钻机作业时,不能实时掌握钻杆运动轨迹造成钻孔作业效率低、钻杆偏离预定轨迹等问题,设计了适用于煤矿井下的磁耦合式随钻数据传输系统,用于实时获取钻杆运动轨迹等信息。系统包括信号的调制和解调模块、中继模块以及互感线圈,采用二进制移频键控(2FSK)原理设计调制和解调电路,根据电磁线圈互感原理和电路模型分析,设定传输系统谐振频率。传输系统的谐振频率设定在两种调制频率的中心时,数据传输更加稳定可靠,满足了井下长距离随钻数据传输的需要。

基于无线通信的地下位移三维测量传感器研究与设计

为实现对滑坡的实时监测,研究设计一种基于无线通信的地下位移三维测量传感器。通过结合双互感等值电压原理与BLE星型网络拓扑结构,建立适用于该传感器的接力式无线组网方式。将传感器通过电源线串联成传感阵列并置于模拟山地钻孔的实验平台内进行无线通信实验,结果证明,在一定范围内并充满水的情况下,传感器之间仍旧能进行通信。根据模拟实验以及上位机显示通信结果,表明该无线组网方式适用于地下位移三维测量,并且两个传感器之间的相对水平位移和相对垂直位移的测量误差小于1 mm,满足实际地下位移测量的需要。