On the Performance of Active Analog Self-Interference Cancellation Techniques for Beyond 5G Systems

The in-band full-duplex(IBFD)mechanism is of interest in beyond 5 G systems due to its potential to enhance spectral efficiency and reduce delay.To achieve the maximum gain of IBFD systems,the significant self-interference(SI)must be efficiently suppressed.The challenges of wideband selfinterference cancellation(SIC)lie in the radio frequency(RF)domain,where the performance will be limited by the hardware.This paper reviews current RF cancellation mechanisms and investigates an efficient mechanism for future wideband systems with minimum complexity.The working principle and implementation details of multi-tap cancellers are first introduced,then an optical domain-based RF canceller is reviewed,and a novel low-cost design is proposed.To minimize the cost and complexity of the canceller,the minimum required number of taps are analyzed.Simulation results show that with the commonly used 12-bits analog-to-digital converter(ADC)at the receiver,the novel optical domain-based canceller can enable efficient SIC in the 3 GPP LTE specifications compatible system within 400 MHz bandwidth.

Adaptive digital self-interference cancellation based on fractional order LMS in LFMCW radar

Adaptive digital self-interference cancellation(ADSIC)is a significant method to suppress self-interference and improve the performance of the linear frequency modulated continuous wave(LFMCW)radar.Due to efficient implementation structure,the conventional method based on least mean square(LMS)is widely used,but its performance is not sufficient for LFMCW radar.To achieve a better self-interference cancellation(SIC)result and more optimal radar performance,we present an ADSIC method based on fractional order LMS(FOLMS),which utilizes the multi-path cancellation structure and adaptively updates the weight coefficients of the cancellation system.First,we derive the iterative expression of the weight coefficients by using the fractional order derivative and short-term memory principle.Then,to solve the problem that it is difficult to select the parameters of the proposed method due to the non-stationary characteristics of radar transmitted signals,we construct the performance evaluation model of LFMCW radar,and analyze the relationship between the mean square deviation and the parameters of FOLMS.Finally,the theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed method has a better SIC performance than the conventional methods.

Optimum weighting-coefficient-pair in inter-carrier interference self-cancellation scheme of OFDM system

As one of the most important components of the wideband wireless access technique, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has a high usage rate of spectrum and combats inter-symbol interference (ISI) in multi-path fading channel. However, when there are frequency offsets during the signal transmission, the inter-carrier interference (ICI) is introduced, which significantly degrades the performance. The existing ICI self-cancellation schemes such as PCC-OFDM are not optimum to minimize the interference considering both noise and ICI. In this paper, a new metric named SINR (signal-to-interference- and-noise ratio) is proposed. We discuss the optimization issue when a constant frequency offset exists and in time-varying channels. The optimum weighting-coefficient-pair (OWCP) is obtained, which maximizes SINR theoretically through the alternant iteration algorithm. Simulations show that the performance of OWCP-OFDM is better than that of PCC-OFDM, especially when the frequency offset is large. Although the ICI self-cancellation scheme suffers bandwidth inefficiency, from the simulation results we can also see that the performance of OWCP-OFDM is much better than that of the standard OFDM systems with the same bandwidth efficiency when a frequency offset exists. Moreover, since the redundant modulation provides the capability to suppress ICI as well as a receiving SNR gain, it can be considered as exchanging the bandwidth for SNR.

A Linear Interference Cancellation Multi-User Detector for Synchronous CDMA Communications

提出了一种当伪随机码相关系为常数情况下的线性干扰抵消多用户接收机．基本思想是利用参考ＰＮ码，估计出用户间干扰，然后从接收信号中减掉用户间干扰．该接收机结构与传统接收机相似，但性能却得到大大改善．

Full-duplex prototype based on joint passive and digital cancellation method

Recent research shows that it is possible to achieve the full-duplex system by cancelling strong self-interference signals, which can be divided into three classes respectively, i.e., passive cancellation, active cancellation and digital cancellation. This pa- per tries to achieve the full-duplex system without using active cancellation, thus a full-duplex system using a joint mechanism based on a novel passive cancellation method and a novel digital cancellation method is proposed. Therein, a good antenna place- ment guided by the theory of the antenna electromagnetic field for the passive cancellation is presented. For the proposed digital can- cellation method, unlike previous separate mechanisms, it is de- signed by using the recursive least square （RLS） algorithm jointly with passive cancellation. The self-interference channel state in- formation （CSI） is transferred as the input of digital cancellation to balance the performance and the complexity. Experimental results show that the proposed self-interference cancellation mechanism can achieve about 85 dB which is better than the previous re- search. Meanwhile, this design provides a better performance compared with half-duplex with both line-of-sight channel and non- line-of-sight channel.

RF self-interference cancellation by using photonic technology [Invited]

Radio frequency(RF) self-interference is a key issue for the application of in-band full-duplex communication in beyond fifth generation and sixth generation communications.Compared with electronic technology, photonic technology has the advantages of wide bandwidth and high tuning precision, exhibiting great potential to realize high interference cancellation depth over broad band.In this paper, a comprehensive overview of photonic enabled RF self-interference cancellation(SIC)is presented.The operation principle of photonic RF SIC is introduced, and the advances in implementing photonic RF SIC according to the realization mechanism of phase reversal are summarized.For further realistic applications, the multipath RF SIC and the integrated photonic RF SIC are also surveyed.Finally, the challenges and opportunities of photonic RF SIC technology are discussed.

Polarization-based optimal detection scheme for digital self-interference cancellation in full-duplex system

In order to detect and cancel the self-interference(SI)signal from desired binary phase-shift keying(BPSK)signal,the polarization-based optimal detection(POD)scheme for cancellation of digital SI in a full-duplex(FD)system is proposed.The POD scheme exploits the polarization domain to isolate the desired signal from the SI signal and then cancel the SI to obtain the interference-free desired signal at the receiver.In FD communication,after antenna and analog cancellation,the receiver still contains residual SI due to non-linearities of hardware imperfections.In POD scheme,a likelihood ratio expression is obtained,which isolates and detects SI bits from the desired bits.After isolation of these signal points,the POD scheme cancels the residual SI.As compared to the conventional schemes,the proposed POD scheme gives significantly low bit error rate(BER),a clear constellation diagram to obtain the boundary between desired and SI signal points,and increases the receiver's SI cancellation performance in low signal to interference ratio(SIR)environment.

A Wire-Line Secure Communication System Based on CCFD Self-Interference Cancellation

This paper presents a design scheme of wire-line telephone system using self-interference(SI)cancellation technology in co-frequency co-time full-duplex(CCFD)system to realize absolute secure communication at the physical layer.This scheme can hide the target signal by skillfully releasing the high-power artificial noise to the whole link at the receiving node,and then make use of the receiver’s knowledge of the SI signal to achieve high dB SI cancellation with the help of analog domain SI cancellation technology in CCFD domain,so that the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)received by the eavesdropper at any position of the link is far lower than that of the legitimate receiver,so as to realize the absolutely secure communication in the sense of Wyner principle.This paper not only puts forward the specific design scheme of absolutely secure communication telephone,but also analyzes the calculation of security capacity under different eavesdropping positions,different SI cancellation capability and different system parameters according to Shannon theory.

基于DCCF-CDSC的非理想电网状态下锁相环设计

针对单同步旋转坐标系锁相环(SRF-PLL)在电网电压非理想状态时无法准确锁相等问题,本文在SRF-PLL的基础上,引入交叉耦合双复系数滤波器(DCCF)和级联延时信号消除(CDSC)的滤波结构,设计一种新型PLL(DCCF-CDSC-PLL).其中DCCF滤波器可以提取基波正负序分量;CDSC可以有效滤除谐波分量.仿真结果表明该锁相环在电压不平衡、谐波畸变、频率突变下能够快速准确锁相.

基于相关系数的副瓣对消干扰样本选取方法

介绍了副瓣对消算法的原理,分析了影响自适应副瓣对消性能的因素,提出了基于相关系数比较的副瓣对消干扰样本选取方法,利用主通道和辅助通道仿真数据对该方法进行仿真验证。结果表明,提出的干扰样本选取方法适用于雷达副瓣对消处理,具有较高的应用价值。

超声背散射系数评价松质骨状况的可行性研究

目的研究超声背散射信号及其背散射系数(backscattercoefficient,BSC)评价松质骨状况的可行性。方法首先建立了一种蜂窝状的松质骨理论模型,然后将BSC与频率的理论关系和牛胫骨松质骨实验结果进行了比较;最后实验分析了BSC与松质骨表观密度的关系。结果松质骨中超声BSC随入射频率的增加而非线性的增加,理论模型和实验结果是一致的。随松质骨表观密度的增大,BSC增大。结论在用超声评价松质骨状况时,背散射信号具有重要作用,其BSC可用于评价松质骨状况。

通道间幅相差异对旁瓣相消性能的影响与解决方法

着重分析了系统中通道间幅相不一致给旁瓣相消所带来的影响 ,给出了分析结果 ,提出了通道均衡的解决方法 ,并阐述了该方法的基本实现原理。它也同样适用于其它多通道系统。

基于声速微扰的松质骨超声参数分析和计算

在生物组织非均匀连续介质模型的基础上,采用声速微扰法,通过分别改变入射频率、松质骨孔隙度及骨小梁特征尺寸等三个参数,对松质骨中的超声背向散射系数和由于散射而引起的衰减进行了分析。分析结果表明:由于散射而引起的衰减占松质骨中总的超声衰减的26%左右;当松质骨孔隙度在0.61附近时,衰减和背向散射系数均达到最大值。

雷达自适应旁瓣干扰对消系统的改进

研究了传统旁瓣自适应干扰对消系统,在强近地杂波接收时,由于近地杂波强度太大而影响了对消系统的正常工作,并最终影响到回波有用信号提取这一问题,由此提出了一种基于收敛权值存储的自适应对消系统,并给出了详细实现方案。经理论仿真和实际设备装调,结果证明利用该方案的旁瓣自适应干扰对消系统能有效解决近地接收时强地杂波带来的影响。

自适应回波抵消中变步长NLMS算法

在对变步长归一化最小均方误差(Variable step size normalized least mean square,VSS-NLMS)的几种算法以及各个算法在远端和双端通话模式下的性能分析比较的基础上,对NEW-NPVSS(NEW non-parametricVSS)算法进行了改进。在双端通话的情况下改进算法具有更好的收敛性;然后提出了基于滤波器系数梯度的变步长新算法,当滤波器系数梯度小于门限值时,采用固定步长更新滤波器系数。反之,则停止更新滤波器系数,并且用远端模式下的系数替代当前系数。仿真结果表明所提出的算法在远端通话模式下比其他VSS-NLMS算法具有更好的收敛性,在双端情况下具有比固定步长NLMS(Normalized least mean square)和SVSS(Simple VSS)更好的收敛性。

电网电压不对称故障下软件锁相技术

介绍了传统软件锁相环(SPLL)的工作原理及优缺点,针对电网发生三相不对称故障情况下负序分量对锁相环检测精度的影响,提出基于整系数滤波器的SPLL。通过零极点对消的方法设计出低通整系数滤波器来抑制由负序分量转换而来的2次谐波,提高了锁相环的抗干扰能力和检测精度。由于整系数滤波器运算量小,其对SPLL的实时性影响很小。实验结果验证了所提方法的可行性。

松质骨组织的若干超声参量成像方法

介绍了两种松质骨组织超声参量成像方法,即宽带超声衰减成像和超声传导速度成像,概述了这两种基于透射法的成像方法的基本原理以及应用情况,并指出了采用超声透射法参量成像时存在的问题。然后对基于背散射法的超声背散射系数成像方法的可行性进行了分析和讨论,最后对进一步的研究工作进行了展望。

一种改进的自适应滤波算法及其在回波对消中的应用

提出一种改进的自适应滤波算法,它通过选择自适应滤波器的系数更新时间间隔,在系统的收敛速度与计算量之间取得折衷;算法在每次系数更新时,利用了系统过去时刻数据并将频域批处理技术运用到算法计算中,大大加快了算法的收敛速度并且降低了计算复杂度,从而克服了LMS算法收敛速度慢以及仿射投影算法(APA)、递归最小二乘算法(RLS)计算量大的缺点.将所提算法应用于声回波对消中,仿真实验结果证实了其优点.

可区分回波通道变化和双端话音的检测算法研究

自适应声回波对消器中,可区分回波通道变化EPC(Echo Pass Change)和双端话音DT(Double-Talk)的检测算法非常重要,以确保自适应滤波器在EPC时更新权系数,在DT期间冻结权系数.提出了两种检测算法:算法1利用自适应滤波器误差信号的平均幅度,并结合误差信号和自适应滤波器输出信号的互相关系数来区分DT和EPC;算法2借助一个辅助滤波器来完成EPC和DT的检测,同时能加快主滤波器的收敛.仿真结果表明,所提出的检测算法能有效区分EPC和DT,提高了回波对消器性能.

引入加权系数消除ICI的二次快时变信道估计算法

针对高速移动环境下由多普勒频移引起的子载波间干扰(inter-carrier interference,ICI),提出一种引入加权系数消除ICI的二次快时变信道估计算法。该算法进行两次信道估计,第一次估计用于提供信道状态信息,在保证符号率的前提下消除ICI,第二次估计在ICI消除的情况下进行,可以提高信道估计精度;并对简化的并行干扰消除(parallel interference cancellation,PIC)算法进行改进,基于最小均方误差准则引入加权系数,使得ICI消除后的残余误差最小。仿真结果和理论分析达到很好的一致性,当信道信噪比为0 d B时,归一化均方误差(normalized mean square error,NMSE)性能增益最大约为0. 071 4,提高了快时变信道估计的精度。