Comparison of Self-levelling Underlayment to Traditional Methods Used in Brazil

Between 2005 and 2015,the Brazilian real estate market experienced strong growth,driven by the stable scenario of the Brazilian economy and policies to encourage real estate credit.With this demand,the companies of the sector sought to be more competitive in the market.One of the measures adopted is the search for more efficient executive processes.While the traditional manual methodology for underlayment predominates in the country’s construction sites,a self-levelling underlayment presents a tendency towards mechanization of executive construction procedures.This paper aims to present a case study of a residential construction in Rio de Janeiro,which used self-levelling underlayment technology.Comparisons regarding cost and productivity of both methodologies were made to evaluate the viability of the self-levelling underlayment in future construction sites.Data obtained from other constructions were used to estimate the productivity and cost of the traditional underlayment levelling.The results demonstrate that the use of self-levelling underlayment has potential to be widespread and used in the constructions in Brazil.

Evolution of Biofilm and Its Effect on Microstructure of Mortar Surfaces in Simulated Seawater

To explore the role of biofilm formation on the corrosion of marine concrete structures, we investigated the attachment of biofilm on mortar surfaces in simulated seawater and the influence of biofilm on the microstructure of mortar surfaces. The results show that the evolution of biofilm on mortar surfaces in simulated seawater is closely related to the corrosion suffered by the mortar, and the process of biofilm attachment and shedding is continuous and cyclical. It is found that the specimens in the absence of biofilm attachment are more severely eroded internally by the corrosive medium in simulated seawater than those in the presence of biofilm attachment. For the specimens without biofilm attachment, after 60 days, gypsum forms,and after 120 days, the number of pores in the mortar is reduced. In contrast, for the specimens in the presence of biofilm attachment, gypsum could only be detected after 90 days, and fewer pores are filled. Therefore, the formation of biofilm could delay the invasion of the corrosive medium into the interior of mortar during the evolution of biofilm on mortar surfaces, mitigating the corrosion of mortars in seawater.

An Investigation into the Performances of Cement Mortar Incorporating Superabsorbent Polymer Synthesized with Kaolin

Cement-based materials are fundamental in the construction industry,and enhancing their properties is an ongoing challenge.The use of superabsorbent polymers(SAP)has gained significant attention as a possible way to improve the performance of cement-based materials due to their unique water-absorption and retention properties.This study investigates the multifaceted impact of kaolin intercalation-modified superabsorbent polymers(K-SAP)on the properties of cement mortar.The results show that K-SAP significantly affects the cement mortar’s rheological behavior,with distinct phases of water absorption and release,leading to changes in workability over time.Furthermore,K-SAP alters the hydration kinetics,delaying the exothermic peak of hydration and subsequently modifying the heat release kinetics.Notably,K-SAP effectively maintains a higher internal relative humidity within the mortar,reducing the autogenous shrinkage behavior.Moreover,K-SAP can have a beneficial effect on pore structure and this can be ascribed to the internal curing effect of released water from K-SAP.

Analysis of Calcined Red Mud Properties and Related Mortar Performances

Red mud(RM)is a low-activity industrial solid waste,and its utilization as a resource is currently a hot topic.In this study,the micro characteristics of red mud at different calcination temperatures were analyzed using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy.The performance of calcined red mud was determined through mortar strength tests.Results indicate that high-temperature calcination can change the mineral composition and microstructure of red mud,and increase the surface roughness and specific surface area.At the optimal temperature of 700°C,the addition of calcined red mud still leads to a decrease in mortar strength,but its activity index and flexural coefficient increase by 16.2%and 11.9%with respect to uncalcined red mud,reaching values of 0.826 and 0.974,respectively.Compared with the control group,the synergistic activation of calcined red mud with slag can increase the compressive and flexural strength of the mortar by 12.9%and 1.5%,reaching 8.7 and 62.4 MPa,respectively.Correspondingly,the activity index and flexural coefficient of the calcined RM and GGBS(Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slag)mixtures also increase to 1.015 and 1.130,respectively.

Influence of Recycled Concrete Fine Powder on Durability of Cement Mortar

In this paper,the durability of cement mortar prepared with a recycled-concrete fine powder(RFP)was examined;including the analysis of a variety of aspects,such as the carbonization,sulfate attack and chloride ion erosion resistance.The results indicate that the influence of RFP on these three aspects is different.The carbonization depth after 30 days and the chloride diffusion coefficient of mortar containing 10%RFP decreased by 13.3%and 28.19%.With a further increase in the RFP content,interconnected pores formed between the RFP particles,leading to an acceleration of the penetration rate of CO_(2)and Cl^(−).When the RFP content was less than 50%,the corrosion resistance coefficient of the compressive strength of the mortar was 0.84-1.05 after 90 days of sulfate attack.But the expansion and cracking of the mortar was effectively alleviated due to decrease of the gypsum production.Scanning electron microscope(SEM)analysis has confirmed that 10%RFP contributes to the formation of a dense microstructure in the cement mortar.

Effect of Partial Replacement of Fly Ash by Decoration Waste Powder on the Fresh and Mechanical Properties of Geopolymer Masonry Mortar

This study aims to investigate the feasibility of using decoration waste powder(DWP)as a partial replacement for fly ash(FA)in the preparation of geopolymer masonry mortar,and to examine the effect of different DWP replacement rates(0%-40%)on the fresh and mechanical properties of the mortar.The results showed that each group of geopolymer masonry mortar exhibited excellent water retention performance,with a water retention rate of 100%,which was due to the unique geopolymer mortar system and high viscosity of the alkaline activator solution.Compared to the control group,the flowability of the mortar containing lower contents of DWP(10%and 20%)was higher.However,as the DWP replacement rate further increased,the flowability gradually decreased.The DWP could absorb the free water in the reaction system of geopolymer mortar,thereby limiting the occurrence of geopolymerization reaction.The incorporation of DWP in the mortar resulted in a decrease in compressive strength compared to the mortar without DWP.However,even at a replacement rate of 40%,the compressive strength of the mortar still exceeded 15 MPa,which met the requirements of the masonry mortar.It was feasible to use DWP in the geopolymer masonry mortar.Although the addition of DWP caused some performance loss,it did not affect its usability.

Study on physical and mechanical properties of cement asphalt emulsified mortar under track slab

Purpose–During the construction process of the China Railway Track System(CRTS)I type filling layer,the nonwoven fabric bags have been used as grouting templates for cement asphalt(CA)emulsified mortar.The porous structure of nonwoven fabrics endowed the templates with breathability and water permeability.The standard requires that the volume expansion rate of CA mortar must be controlled within 1%–3%,which can generate expansion pressure to ensure that the cavities under track slabs are filled fully.However,the expansion pressure caused some of the water to seep out from the periphery of the filling bag,and it would affect the actual mix proportion of CA mortar.The differences in physical and mechanical properties between the CA mortar under track slabs and the CA mortar formed in the laboratory were studied in this paper.The relevant results could provide important methods for the research of filling layer materials for CRTS I type and other types of ballastless tracks in China.Design/methodology/approach–During the inspection of filling layer,the samples of CA mortar from different working conditions and raw materials were taken by uncovering the track slabs and drilling cores.The physical and mechanical properties of CA mortar under the filling layer of the slab were systematically analyzed by testing the electrical flux,compressive strength and density of mortar in different parts of the filling layer.Findings–In this paper,the electric flux,the physical properties and mechanical properties of different parts of CA mortar under the track slab were investigated.The results showed that the density,electric flux and compressive strength of CA mortar were affected by the composition of raw materials for dry powders and different parts of the filling layer.In addition,the electrical flux of CA mortar gradually decreased within 90 days’age.The electrical flux of samples with the thickness of 54 mm was lower than 500 C.Therefore,the impermeability and durability of CA mortar could be improved by increasing the thickness of filling layer.Besides,the results showed that the compressive strength of CA mortar increased,while the density and electric flux decreased gradually,with the prolongation of hardening time.Originality/value–During 90 days’age,the electrical flux of the CA mortar gradually decreased with the increase of specimen thickness and the electrical flux of the specimens with the thickness of 54 mm was lower than 500 C.The impermeability and durability of the CA mortar could be improved by increasing the thickness of filling layer.The proposed method can provide reference for the further development and improvement of CRTS I and CRTS II type ballastless track in China.

Influence of Ultra Fine Glass Powder on the Properties and Microstructure of Mortars

This study focuses on the effect of ultrafine waste glass powder on cement strength,gas permeability and pore structure.Varying contents were considered,with particle sizes ranging from 2 to 20μm.Moreover,alkali activation was considered to ameliorate the reactivity and cementitious properties,which were assessed by using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS),and specific surface area pore size distribution analysis.According to the results,without the addition of alkali activators,the performance of glass powder mortar decreases as the amount of glass powder increases,affecting various aspects such as strength and resistance to gas permeability.Only 5%glass powder mortar demonstrated a compressive strength at 60 days higher than that of the control group.However,adding alkali activator(CaO)during hydration ameliorated the hydration environment,increased the alkalinity of the composite system,activated the reactivity of glass powder,and enhanced the interaction of glass powder and pozzolanic reaction.In general,compared to ordinary cement mortar,alkali-activated glass powder mortar produces more hydration products,showcases elevated density,and exhibits improved gas resistance.Furthermore,alkali-activated glass powder mortar demonstrates an improvement in performance across various aspects as the content increases.At a substitution rate of 15%,the glass powder mortar reaches its optimal levels of strength and resistance to gas permeability,with a compressive strength increase ranging from 28.4%to 34%,and a gas permeation rate reduction between 51.8%and 66.7%.

Substitution of Aggregates in Concrete and Mortar with Coltan Mining Waste: Mechanical, Environmental, and Economic Impact Case Study

The mining process involves drilling and excavation, resulting in the production of waste rock and tailings. The waste materials are then removed and stored in designated areas. This study aims to evaluate the mechanical strength and the environmental and economic impact of using Coltan Mining Waste (CMW) as a substitute for aggregates in concrete and mortar production. To achieve this, the CMW needs to be characterised. The Dreux Gorisse method was primarily used to produce concrete with a strength of 20 MPa at 28 days. The mortars, on the other hand, were formulated according to the NF P 18-452 standard. The environmental impact of using CMW as substitutes for natural aggregates in the production of concrete and mortar was analysed using SimaPro software. The results showed that mortars and concrete made with CMW have comparable compressive strengths to the reference mortar and concrete;reduce the negative impact on ecosystem quality, human health, resources, and climate change. It has also been shown that the substitution of aggregates by CMW reduces the cost of concrete and mortar as a function of the distance from the aggregate footprint.

Research Analysis on the Microscopic Properties and Damping Performance of Carbon Nanomaterial-Modified Cement Mortar

The application of carbon nanomaterials, particularly graphene and carbon nanotubes, in cement-based composites is highly significant. These materials demonstrate the multifunctionality of carbon and offer extensive possibilities for technological advancements. This research analyzes how the integration of graphene into cement-based composites enhances damping and mechanical properties, thereby contributing to the safety and durability of structures. Research on carbon nanomaterials is ongoing and is expected to continue driving innovation across various industrial sectors, promoting the sustainable development of building materials.

The Effect of Graphene Oxide on Mechanical Properties of Cement Mortar

Cement is widely used in engineering applications,but it has both the characteristics of high brittleness and poor bending resistance.In this paper,the effects of different amounts ofgraphene oxide on the flexural strength and compressive strength of cement mortar were studied by doping a certain amount of graphene oxide with cement mortar,and the strengthening mechanism of graphene oxide on cement mortar was obtained through microstructure detection.It is found that graphene oxide has a significant enhancement effect on the macroscopic mechanical properties of cement mortar,and graphene oxide provides nano-nucleation sites and growth templates for cement mortar,accelerates the hydration process,reduces the voids between hydration products,greatly increases the compactness,and improves the macroscopic properties of cement-based materials.

非重叠Mortar有限单元法在运动导体涡流场计算中的应用

使用非重叠Mortar有限单元法(non-overlapping mortarfinite element method,NO-MFEM)对2维轴对称滑动问题进行了计算。在处理运动问题时,NO-MFEM将求解区域分解为运动和静止2个子域。在子域交界面上,NO-MFEM不要求节点逐点匹配,在运动发生后只需要改变运动部件所在区域节点的坐标,从而克服了传统有限元法(finite elementmethod,FEM)在处理运动问题时需要不断进行网格重剖的麻烦。该文首先介绍了NO-MFEM的基本原理;说明了适合于该方法处理的运动问题的类型;通过2维静电场问题分析了NO-MFEM的非协调误差;使用NO-MFEM对感应线圈炮模型进行了计算,分析了发射过程中不同时刻空间磁场和电枢涡流的分布,通过与实验结果和其他数值仿真结果进行对比,验证了NO-MFEM在处理运动导体涡流场(moving conductor eddy current,MCEC)问题上的有效性。

非重叠Mortar有限元法在电磁分析中的应用

Mortar元法(mortar element method,MEM)是一种新型区域分解算法,它允许将求解区域分解为多个子域,在各个区域以最适合子域特征的方式离散。在各个区域的交界面上,边界节点不要求逐点匹配,而是通过建立加权积分形式的Mortar条件使得交界面上的传递条件在分布意义上满足。Mortar有限元法(mortar finite element method,MFEM)将MEM和有限元法(finite element method,FEM)相结合,在各区域中分别使用FEM网格离散,区域的交界面上通过施加Mortar条件实现区域间的自由度连续。该文阐述了非重叠Mortar有限单元法(non-overlapping MFEM,NO-MFEM)的基本原理,介绍了NO-MFEM的程序实现过程,使用NO-MFEM对2维静磁场问题和3维静电场问题进行了计算,并与FEM模型结果进行对比,验证了该文方法的有效性。将NO-MFEM应用于电磁分析,丰富了电磁场数值计算理论,为运动涡流问题和大规模问题的分析提供了新的选择。

非重叠Mortar有限元法及其并行计算在静电场问题中的应用

采用Mortar有限单元法(mortar finite element method,MFEM)能够得到正定、对称的系数矩阵,而且刚度矩阵是分块对称的,这种特点适合于并行迭代求解。阐述了非重叠Mortar有限单元法(non-overlapping MFEM,NO-MFEM)的基本原理,介绍了适合于NO-MFEM并行计算的区域分解策略以及并行求解的基本流程。针对简单2维静电场问题,使用NO-MFEM进行了并行计算,并与理论值和串行计算结果进行对比,验证了所提方法的有效性。同时,对于非协调网格造成的计算误差进行了分析。NO-MFEM法的并行计算为工程应用中优化设计问题的区域分解和并行求解提供了一种新的选择。

Mechanical properties of calcium carbonate whisker-reinforced high-strength cement mortar

In order to improve the brittleness of high-strength cement mortar,calcium carbonate（CaCO3） whiskers are incorporated to strengthen and toughen the high-strength cement mortar.The compressive strength,flexural strength,split tensile strength and work of fracture are measured.Microstructures and micromechanical behaviors are investigated using scanning electron microscopy.The strengthening and toughening mechanisms and the efficiency of whisker-reinforced high-strength cement mortar are discussed.The results show that the addition of CaCO3 whiskers brings positive effects on the high-strength cement mortar.The strengthening and toughening mechanisms are whisker-cement coalition debonding,whisker peeling,whisker impact breakage and whisker bridging.Crack deflection is one efficient mechanism,but it is hard to be achieved in high-strength cement mortar.And the interfacial bonding strength between whiskers and the cement mortar matrix should be appropriately weak to introduce more crack deflection mechanisms to strengthen and toughen the cement mortar efficiently.

Mortar型旋转Q_1元的瀑布型多重网格方法(英文)

展现了mortar型旋转Q1元的瀑布型多重网格方法.证明了采用共轭梯度作为光滑子的瀑布型多重网格法是最优的,而采用其它传统迭代作光滑子的瀑布型多重网格法是拟最优的.并通过数值试验验证了我们的理论结果.

一种Mortar型旋转Q_1元方法(英文)

提出了一种mortar型旋转Q1元方法,相应的mortar条件仅依赖于子区域边界上的自由度;并得到了较优的误差估计.

半线性椭圆型问题Mortar有限元逼近的瀑布型多重网格法

Mortar有限元法作为一个非协调的区域分解技术已得到许多研究者的关注(如文献[2]、[5]等)。本文对半线性椭圆型问题的Mortar有限元逼近提出了瀑布型多重网格法,并给出了此法的误差估计和计算复杂度估计定理。

Mortar型旋转Q_1元的V循环多重网格(英文)

展现了一种Mortar类型的旋转Q1有限元的多重网格方法.通过定义一些算子证明了这种V循环的多重网格是一致收敛的,它的收敛率不依赖于网格的尺寸和层数,并通过数值实验验证了理论分析的正确性.

P1非协调Mortar元的V循环多重网格方法

给出了求解偏微分方程的P1非协调Mortar元的一个V循环多重网格方法 ,并证明了此方法的一致收敛性 ,即收敛性与网格层数和网格尺寸无关 .