Construction of Value Models of Consumer Creation for Agricultural Products Based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)

With the increased competition of modern economy and globalization,consumer creation which based on the analysis of consumer behavior was more and more attentioned and respected by business.Based on the meaning and characteristics of agricultural product consumer creation,index system of value model of agricultural product consumer creation was put forward through analytical hierarchy process（AHP）.The weights of the indicators and related indicators of impact on the value were analyzed,and value models of agricultural product consumer creation were constructed to provide ideas for development of agricultural product consumer market and research of consumer value.Consumer creation was constructed to provide ideas for development of agricultural product consumer market and research of consumer value.

Consumer Behavior Analysis under the "Lemon Dilemma" in the Market of Agricultural Products

Based on the introduction of the connotation of "lemon market" and the phenomenon of "lemon" in the market of agricultural products,the consumers' behaviors in the "lemon market" of agricultural products are analyzed.Firstly,consumers feel unfair in their minds in the process of negotiation;secondly,the purchase decision rule tends to be simplified in the "lemon market" of agricultural products;thirdly,the consumers tend to follow the masses in the "lemon market" of agricultural products.The economics significance of the impact of "lemon dilemma" of agricultural products on consumers is analyzed.The causes of the impact are analyzed from two aspects the uncertainty of collecting the information of agricultural information and the uncertainty of using the agricultural information.The suggestions and countermeasures are put forward in order to solve the "lemon" problems in agricultural market.In the first place,the excellent mechanism for producing the information of agricultural products should be constructed;in the second place,the government should encourage the multi-channel,multi-form and multi-level operation mode of agricultural products,to promote the optimization of market functions;in the third place,the government should widen the channel of information dissemination for agricultural products and establish the high efficiency feedback path;in the fourth place,the traditional thought pattern of consumers should be changed,so as to promote the healthy,orderly and benign development of agricultural products market.

Consumers'Purchase Intention of Geographical Indication Agricultural Products under the Background of Live-streaming Sales:An Exploratory Research Based on Grounded Theory

Exploring the mechanism for the formation of consumer purchase intentions of geographical indication agricultural products in the context of live-streaming sales can provide an important reference for brand marketing of geographical indication agricultural products.In this study,in-depth interviews were conducted with consumers of geographical indication agricultural products.Based on grounded theory,open coding,axial coding and selective coding were performed for interview text.Finally,21 concepts,7 subcategories and 3 main categories were obtained,and a model of the formation mechanism of the purchase intention of geographical indication agricultural products under the background of live-streaming sales was constructed,that is,"consumer cognition-consumer attitude-consumer behavior".Among them,consumer cognition includes two dimensions:the type of geographical indication agricultural products and the live-streaming appeal strategy,i.e.,the personal cognition of consumer and the promotion of live-streaming host's strategy.Consumer attitude is value perception of consumers,mainly including two dimensions of functional value and emotional value.Consumer behavior is the consumer's willingness to buy.It has been concluded that the types of geographical indication agricultural products interact with the live-streaming appeal strategies.Through the intermediary of consumers'value perception,consumers'purchase intention is generated.Among them,resource-oriented geographical indication agricultural products adopt rational live-streaming appeal strategies,which can enhance the consumer's perception of functional value,thereby promoting their purchase intention;and cultural and creative geographical indication agricultural products brands adopt perceptual live-streaming appeal strategies,which can enhance the emotional value perception of consumers,thereby promoting their purchase intention.

Episodes of thoron exposure due to consumer products claiming health benefits of negative ions

In May 2018,the primetime news casted a shocking report saying that radon concentration on a certain model of bed mattress found to be as high as 2200 Bq/m3.After a humble,the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission(NSSC)of Korea confirmed that significant amount of thoron gas is emanated from several mattress models marketed by a company claiming beneficial health effects of negative ions.Laboratory analysis showed that some internal fabric sheets of those mattresses contain high concentration of Th-232.It was revealed that the manufacture treated the material with so-called‘negative ion powder’procured from the market and NSSC found that its radioactive content is the monazite powder.Although measurements with reliable instruments resulted in somewhat lower values,the tentative but conservative estimates of doses to the users are still remarkable,ranging from a few to 14 mSv a year.Most of the affected models have been marketed from 2010 but earlier models,with lower thorium content,were supplied from 2006.As many as 88,000 mattresses have been produced.The manufacturer with help of the government,recalled all the affected models and separated the radioactive internals.A large amount of waste is waiting for the government decision on disposal method.Similar problems were identified in other consumer products including latex mattresses and pillows imported,hot pads,and several models of sanitary or health-aid goods.These episodes called for revisiting NORM control strategy in Korea.

Direct Marketing and Consumer Trust in Organic Food Products： Vilnius （Lithuania） Case

The market of organic food products has a continuous upward trend though the growth rate and sale channels in individual countries are rather different. This research aims to identify the key factors that influence consumers＇ choice to buy organic food products in Lithuania focusing on the consumer trust in the quality and the most acceptable marketing channels. In order to get the necessary information, the residents of Vilnius （the capital of Lithuania）, as having the greatest potential for the organic food market in the country, were interviewed. The analysis of collected data was done using the methods of mathematical statistics and comparison of relative frequencies. The results of this research prove the increasing consumers＇ interest in organic food products. The majority of consumers consider these products to be healthier, better-tasting and fresher. Only about a third of the purchasers （usually buying frequently） can see differences between organic and non-organic products, therefore, there is a problem to distinguish organic food from conventional products and, consequently, remains a possibility to cheat the consumer. An additional quality control and direct sales from known and familiar farmers might increase trust in the quality of organic food products. So far, supermarkets are the most important place to buy organic foods, however, the greater consumer confidence in the quality of organic products bought at farmers＇ markets and the acceptance of the majority of purchasers to buy organic food products directly from the farmers suppose the need to develop a direct marketing system.

Ordering and Pricing Strategies for Fresh Products with Multiple Quality Levels Considering Consumer Utility

In this paper, considering a scenario in which there are two quality levels of fresh products and introduction of consumer utility function, we studied the optimal ordering and pricing strategies under certain quantity. Our results showed that, facing the two quality levels of fresh products, retailers would not benefit from sales of lower quality of fresh products with the deterministic demand. In the pursuit of profit maximization, the initial order quantity is smaller than the potential demand for market.

Research on the Types of Cigarette Products Preferred by Consumers

Cigarette design and improvement according to consumer needs is an important basis for market-oriented management.The preferences of cigarette consumption such as cigarette product types,packaging styles,packaging colors and packaging materials were investigated and the real needs of cigarette consumers were figured out,in order to provide specific work guidance for the development of new cigarette products.

Consumers＇ Preferences for Quality and Safety Attributes of Milk Products in Niger： A Best-Worst Scaling Approach

The overall objective of this research was to determine consumers＇ preferences for quality and safety attributes of milk products using advances in the best-worst scaling approach. A list of 16 quality and safety attributes of milk products based on previous studies was compiled and used in this study. The balanced incomplete block design technique was used to build the questionnaire administered to respondents in the data collection. The multinomial mixed logit was employed to analyze the data. Results suggest that nutritive value, shelf life, availability, purity and safety are the most important attributes of milk product; while origin, fat content, food miles, packaging and handling convenience are the least importance attributes of milk products to consumers The study concludes that demand for dairy products can be significantly stimulated in the study area when these most important attributes have been considered by producers, processors and marketers.

Overview of the Consumer Behavior Study in the Markets of Food Products(1998-2018),Based on the Author’s Interpretation of the Consumer's Requirements in the System of Values that Influence on the Consumer Market Behavior

The purpose of this study was to review the results of a 20-year study in the author’s interpretation of the needs for food products and the value system that determines the market behavior of consumers in the food markets.The scientific novelty of the research is the following results:a)The author’s interpretation of the needs for food products,as consisting of three components:(1)The actual need for food(physiological need);(2)the need for emotions obtained from eating(psychological need);and(3)the need for market products that can meet the physiological needs of emotional expectations and social needs(socio-psychological and economic need);b)Interdisciplinary approach to the study of consumer behavior that led to the author’s interpretation of the value of the research methods outlined in the works of J.N.Sheth et al.,extended and supplemented in the study of Galina V.Astratova(1998);c)Identification of the fact that the importance of components in the system of values,according to the results of research,is different for different food products.This allows simulating more clearly the behavior of the consumer in the development of a marketing-mix and developing a marketing strategy based on targeting.

High-quality, reliable products for consumers

The consumption trend is sweeping the globe;China is no exception.According to the National Bureau of Statistics of China,the consumption expenditure contributed 76.2 percent to China's GDP growth in 2018,an increase of 18.6 percent compared with the previous year.Consumption adds stronger impetus to economic growth in China.

Development of Productive Forces and the Changes of Rural President's Consumption Concept

The developmental status of productivity in Chinese rural area is introduced. Since the implementation of the agriculture supporting policies in 2004, the productive forces in rural areas have been improved greatly. It is reflected on the following aspects: great enhancement of rural labors' cultural quality; the quantity of agricultural machines has been increased; the level of production management and decision has been increased greatly. The paper analyzes the promotion role played by the development of productive forces to rural residents' consumption conception. The development of productive forces has laid a solid foundation for changing rural residents' consumption concept; changed rural residents' consumption structure and improved the socialized degree of rural residents' consumption. Countermeasures on cultivating new consumption fields in rural areas are put forward including leading rural residents to foster the modern consumption conception; intensifying the governmental support and leading rural residents to set up healthy consumption concept.

Consumer Panel Size in Sensory Cosmetic Product Evaluation: A Pilot Study from a Statistical Point of View

Subjective evaluations are nowadays applied more commonly in cosmetic product assessment. They are used in quality control, product development steps and efficacy studies for claim support. Several studies have been published to determine the adequate number of panelists, but recommendations and guidelines dealing with this topic are rare in the cosmetic sector. The aim of the present pilot study was to recommend a suitable study plan and define the adequate consumer panel size for cosmetic consumer assessment. A questionnaire-based product evaluation study, with three different cosmetic products, was organized as a consumer test using a seven-point scale. As a last step, a specific statistical calculation was performed to define the minimum sample size. It showed that the minimum sample size, besides the obvious statistical parameters of standard deviation and confidence interval, also depends on age and gender of the panelists and product assessment item. Utilizing a CI of 95% a minimum of 60 panelists seems to be sufficient for home-use-test (HUT) with a given seven-point scale. A minimum of 101 panelists are shown to be sufficient utilizing a CI of 99%.

Consumer attitudes towards the mountain product label: Implications for mountain development

To protect and promote the originality and authenticity of mountain foodstuffs, the European Union set Regulation No 1151/2012 to create the optional quality term "mountain product". Our research aimed at exploring the attractiveness of the mountain product label for consumers, considering both attitude towards the label itself and purchase intentions. We propose a model to investigate relationships between four latent constructs-mountain attractiveness, mountain food attractiveness, attitude towards the mountain product label, and purchase intention-which have been tested, thus confirming the statistical relevance of the relationships. All 47 items selected for describing the latent constructs are suitable for this purpose. Ridge and LASSO results also show that 17 items of the first three constructs are relevant in explaining purchase intentions. Some contextual variables, such as age, income, geographical origin of consumers, and knowledge of mountain products and mountains for tourism purposes, can positively influence consumers’ behavior. These findings could support the design of mountain development strategies, in particular marketing actions for both the product and the territory.

Trends of Laboratory-Detected Heavy Metals in Children: Solutions for Heavy Metal Contamination in Infant Food Products

In 2019, an investigation by the U.S. House of Representatives revealed major infant food conglomerates had products with high levels of arsenic, lead, cadmium, and mercury, posing concerns for infants’ vulnerability to the neurotoxic effects of these metals. Trends of laboratory-detected heavy metals were analyzed in children aged zero to five from 1999-2020, providing insights on heavy metal contamination in infant food products. Utilizing National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data, mean heavy metal levels in children were calculated, considering gender, race, and income-to-poverty ratio as proxies for assessing associations with increasing heavy metal rates in infant food. Findings indicated an overall decrease in mean concentrations over time, though remaining elevated. Black children exhibited higher lead levels than the overall average, while the Asian subgroup displayed higher levels of total blood mercury and cadmium levels. Lack of internal standards in regulatory bodies, particularly the FDA, exacerbates the issue, with no legally enforceable guidelines or strict maximum levels for heavy metals in infant foods. Urgent FDA interventions are needed, addressing contamination at the sources of raw materials, implementing transparent and extensive product testing, and comprehensive manufacturer labeling to inform consumers about elevated heavy metal levels in infant products.

Transparency in Meat Production： Consumer Perceptions at the Point of Sale

As a result of a large number of food scandals, societal interest in transparency in the food sector has grown considerably. Hence, the creation of transparency in the production process has been the focus of recent legislation. In addition to tracking and tracing, one finds in the public discussion an increasing number of demands for further information on such issues as food safety, animal and environmental protection and the sustainability of food production processes. However, it has not yet been sufficiently clarified which information about the production process--and thus which level of transparency--is actually desired or can actually be processed by consumers at the point of sale. In order to analyze this topic from the viewpoint of consumers, a large-scale empirical study has been conducted. This research uses an adaptive conjoint analysis to determine what transparency expectations consumers have with regards to information on packaged pork. Initial results show a very heterogeneous demand for information. Furthermore, consumers＇ demand for more information sometimes does not match their actual benefit profiles. The results provide insight into consumers＇ information needs and their willingness to pay for greater transparency; they also have interesting implications for meat processors＇ product development strategies.

Consumer Response to the Product Carbon Footprint （PCF）

A survey of 277 German participants demonstrates that a Product Carbon Footprint （PCF） label is not yet a suitable instrument for communication with consumers because of the lack of standardized PCF calculation within Europe. Most consumers do not understand either the PCF statement or the PCF calculation. The public message of a PCF label does not conform to the terms of sustainability. At first sight, PCF seems to be an opportunity to communicate the sustainability aspects of food to consumers, but too many different approaches to defining PCF exist in Europe. Additionally, the use of a ＂green＂ PCF label may distort trading conditions because of the lack of PCF-issuing authorities in accordance with World Trade Organization （WTO） standards. Hence, PCF may ultimately deceive consumers through its misapplication if the PCF calculation is not aligned to internationally accepted standards.

Consumer Purchase Behavior based on product concept learning

Form consumer learning perspective, a theoretical analysis of the structure of brand knowledge is gave. Product concepts will be transformed into knowledge nodes, association links and affective response which are stored in consumer memory. Consumer brand knowledge is composed of brand awareness, brand image and brand attitude. Data are collected from questionnaire. The structure of brand knowledge is confirmed by exploratory factor analysis. Form a binary logistic regression analysis of brand knowledge and consumer purchase behavior, it found that brand attitude is the main factor to predict and explain the purchase behavior based on product concepts.

Analysis of China’s Washing Products Industry in 2018

According to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics, the operation of China’s major washing products industry in 2018 was analyzed in detail. The monthly output and economic indicators were mainly discussed. This article pointed out that China’s washing products industry had entered the long-tail period of maturity. The development of the industry cannot be separated from technological innovation and product upgrading. How to create a washing products market suitable for China’s consumption situation and promote the sustainable, healthy and stable development of the industry has become the focus of the industry at present.

Network marketing strategy research for e-business of maternal and baby＇s products

Maternal and baby＇s product is a special needed class in our country, and the safety of the product quality is very high. Mothers aged at 70s, 80s and 90s have the unique consumption idea and consumption behavior characteristics which have profound significance for merchants. These all have significant influence to enterprise＇s marketing channel construction. Present market situation of Maternal and infant＇s products were summarized in this paper, then consumption psychology and behavior of the buyer are analyzed, and finally put forward the strategy of channel construction of network marketing of Maternal and infant＇s product＇s enterprise.