With the improvement of coal mining speed and mechanization level in China,traditional tunnel boring methods can no longer meet the actual needs.In order to solve the problems of low efficiency,high labor intensity,sl...With the improvement of coal mining speed and mechanization level in China,traditional tunnel boring methods can no longer meet the actual needs.In order to solve the problems of low efficiency,high labor intensity,slow tunnel boring speed,bad working environment and poor safety in traditional tunnel boring,on the basis of analyzing the development and application of coal roadway tunnel boring equipment at home and abroad,complete equipment for high-speed tunnel boring and bolting machines was developed by using the integrated technology of tunnel boring and bolting.The complete equipment for high-speed tunnel boring and bolting machines has the functions of tunnel boring and bolting synchronization,once-tunneling,negative pressure dust removal,digital guidance,independent cutting feed,digital cutting,safety monitoring and data interaction,which has the advantages of safety in use,reliability and efficiency.展开更多
Rockburst disasters occur frequently during deep underground excavation,yet traditional concepts and methods can hardly meet the requirements for support under high geo-stress conditions.Consequently,rockburst control...Rockburst disasters occur frequently during deep underground excavation,yet traditional concepts and methods can hardly meet the requirements for support under high geo-stress conditions.Consequently,rockburst control remains challenging in the engineering field.In this study,the mechanism of excavation-induced rockburst was briefly described,and it was proposed to apply the excavation compensation method(ECM)to rockburst control.Moreover,a field test was carried out on the Qinling Water Conveyance Tunnel.The following beneficial findings were obtained:Excavation leads to changes in the engineering stress state of surrounding rock and results in the generation of excess energy DE,which is the fundamental cause of rockburst.The ECM,which aims to offset the deep excavation effect and lower the risk of rockburst,is an active support strategy based on high pre-stress compensation.The new negative Poisson’s ratio(NPR)bolt developed has the mechanical characteristics of high strength,high toughness,and impact resistance,serving as the material basis for the ECM.The field test results reveal that the ECM and the NPR bolt succeed in controlling rockburst disasters effectively.The research results are expected to provide guidance for rockburst support in deep underground projects such as Sichuan-Xizang Railway.展开更多
为探究小断面TBM隧洞锚杆支护在地层围岩中的受力特性及支护参数的合理性,依托安徽桐城抽水蓄能电站自流排水洞工程,分别采用岩体力学法和数值模拟法计算得到隧洞Ⅲ类围岩工况下的锚杆内力和围岩位移,并在洞内TBM掘进段紧随TBM选取3个...为探究小断面TBM隧洞锚杆支护在地层围岩中的受力特性及支护参数的合理性,依托安徽桐城抽水蓄能电站自流排水洞工程,分别采用岩体力学法和数值模拟法计算得到隧洞Ⅲ类围岩工况下的锚杆内力和围岩位移,并在洞内TBM掘进段紧随TBM选取3个监测断面,分别采用锚杆应力计和多点位移计监测得到实际工况下的锚杆内力和围岩位移。对3种方法得到的结果进行对比分析后得出:1)数值模拟法和岩土力学法计算得到的轴力值变化趋势相近,均在锚杆中间部位出现轴力最大值,与中性点理论相符,最大轴力值为4.78 k N;2)3种方法得到的围岩位移值变化趋势相似,均在隧洞围岩表面出现位移最大值,在岩层内部围岩位移最小,最大位移为2.03 mm。进一步,与已有关于较大断面隧洞结构受力研究成果对比发现:小断面TBM隧洞的锚杆轴力及围岩变形均较小,锚杆支护作用未得到充分利用,据此提出了延迟、减少或取消小断面TBM隧洞锚杆支护的优化建议。展开更多
为实现轨道车辆螺栓松动智能检测与螺栓预紧力实时监测,提高轨道车辆生产、运维中螺栓的预紧精度,提出一种基于机器视觉技术的螺栓松动角度非接触定量测量方法,基于该方法探究螺栓在预紧过程中各参量之间的关系模型。首先,进行相机内参...为实现轨道车辆螺栓松动智能检测与螺栓预紧力实时监测,提高轨道车辆生产、运维中螺栓的预紧精度,提出一种基于机器视觉技术的螺栓松动角度非接触定量测量方法,基于该方法探究螺栓在预紧过程中各参量之间的关系模型。首先,进行相机内参标定;然后实时获取螺栓图像,对获取到的图像后进行透视变换、滤波降噪等预处理,通过设定特定的通道阈值来提取图像的感兴趣区域(Region of interest,ROI),使用Sklansky算法在ROI平面点集进行凸包迭代,找出最少点集的矩形特征,同时利用旋转卡尺算法Rotating calipers返回凸包的最小面积外接矩形轮廓,以矩形中心点与Width边为特征计算出矩形特征的旋转角度θ;最终通过实验构建螺栓预紧力、拧紧力矩分别与旋转角度、螺杆行径量关系模型,以及预紧力与拧紧力矩关系模型。结果表明螺栓松动角度检测方法最大测量偏差为0.54°,最大相对误差为3.25%。该方法具备测量精度高,系统成本低、部署方便的特点,满足轨道车辆大批量的螺栓松动角度的非接触与自动化检测要求。轨道车辆螺栓智能精准预紧新工艺预紧力、拧紧力矩的计算精度达到90%以上,比传统的扭矩−转角法预紧精度高15%~40%。研究成果为轨道车辆螺栓松动智能运维提供技术支撑。展开更多
文摘With the improvement of coal mining speed and mechanization level in China,traditional tunnel boring methods can no longer meet the actual needs.In order to solve the problems of low efficiency,high labor intensity,slow tunnel boring speed,bad working environment and poor safety in traditional tunnel boring,on the basis of analyzing the development and application of coal roadway tunnel boring equipment at home and abroad,complete equipment for high-speed tunnel boring and bolting machines was developed by using the integrated technology of tunnel boring and bolting.The complete equipment for high-speed tunnel boring and bolting machines has the functions of tunnel boring and bolting synchronization,once-tunneling,negative pressure dust removal,digital guidance,independent cutting feed,digital cutting,safety monitoring and data interaction,which has the advantages of safety in use,reliability and efficiency.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41941018)the Foundation of State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering (SKLGDUEK 2217)the Foundation of Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Mountain Geological Hazards of Zhejiang Province (PCMGH-2022-03).
文摘Rockburst disasters occur frequently during deep underground excavation,yet traditional concepts and methods can hardly meet the requirements for support under high geo-stress conditions.Consequently,rockburst control remains challenging in the engineering field.In this study,the mechanism of excavation-induced rockburst was briefly described,and it was proposed to apply the excavation compensation method(ECM)to rockburst control.Moreover,a field test was carried out on the Qinling Water Conveyance Tunnel.The following beneficial findings were obtained:Excavation leads to changes in the engineering stress state of surrounding rock and results in the generation of excess energy DE,which is the fundamental cause of rockburst.The ECM,which aims to offset the deep excavation effect and lower the risk of rockburst,is an active support strategy based on high pre-stress compensation.The new negative Poisson’s ratio(NPR)bolt developed has the mechanical characteristics of high strength,high toughness,and impact resistance,serving as the material basis for the ECM.The field test results reveal that the ECM and the NPR bolt succeed in controlling rockburst disasters effectively.The research results are expected to provide guidance for rockburst support in deep underground projects such as Sichuan-Xizang Railway.
文摘为探究小断面TBM隧洞锚杆支护在地层围岩中的受力特性及支护参数的合理性,依托安徽桐城抽水蓄能电站自流排水洞工程,分别采用岩体力学法和数值模拟法计算得到隧洞Ⅲ类围岩工况下的锚杆内力和围岩位移,并在洞内TBM掘进段紧随TBM选取3个监测断面,分别采用锚杆应力计和多点位移计监测得到实际工况下的锚杆内力和围岩位移。对3种方法得到的结果进行对比分析后得出:1)数值模拟法和岩土力学法计算得到的轴力值变化趋势相近,均在锚杆中间部位出现轴力最大值,与中性点理论相符,最大轴力值为4.78 k N;2)3种方法得到的围岩位移值变化趋势相似,均在隧洞围岩表面出现位移最大值,在岩层内部围岩位移最小,最大位移为2.03 mm。进一步,与已有关于较大断面隧洞结构受力研究成果对比发现:小断面TBM隧洞的锚杆轴力及围岩变形均较小,锚杆支护作用未得到充分利用,据此提出了延迟、减少或取消小断面TBM隧洞锚杆支护的优化建议。
文摘为实现轨道车辆螺栓松动智能检测与螺栓预紧力实时监测,提高轨道车辆生产、运维中螺栓的预紧精度,提出一种基于机器视觉技术的螺栓松动角度非接触定量测量方法,基于该方法探究螺栓在预紧过程中各参量之间的关系模型。首先,进行相机内参标定;然后实时获取螺栓图像,对获取到的图像后进行透视变换、滤波降噪等预处理,通过设定特定的通道阈值来提取图像的感兴趣区域(Region of interest,ROI),使用Sklansky算法在ROI平面点集进行凸包迭代,找出最少点集的矩形特征,同时利用旋转卡尺算法Rotating calipers返回凸包的最小面积外接矩形轮廓,以矩形中心点与Width边为特征计算出矩形特征的旋转角度θ;最终通过实验构建螺栓预紧力、拧紧力矩分别与旋转角度、螺杆行径量关系模型,以及预紧力与拧紧力矩关系模型。结果表明螺栓松动角度检测方法最大测量偏差为0.54°,最大相对误差为3.25%。该方法具备测量精度高,系统成本低、部署方便的特点,满足轨道车辆大批量的螺栓松动角度的非接触与自动化检测要求。轨道车辆螺栓智能精准预紧新工艺预紧力、拧紧力矩的计算精度达到90%以上,比传统的扭矩−转角法预紧精度高15%~40%。研究成果为轨道车辆螺栓松动智能运维提供技术支撑。
