Exploring the Dual Subjectivity of Kindergarten's Self-made Play and Teaching Aids Activities from the Perspective of Children's Play Development in China

The joint development of teachers and young children is the basis for promoting the development of high-quality preschool education in the new era,and encouraging early childhood teachers to make playthings according to local conditions is both the fine tradition of China's early childhood education and the direct orientation of China's preschool education policy.Homemade play and teaching aids are some of the methods often used in kindergartens,which skillfully combine young children's daily life objects with toys and early childhood teaching,not only enriching the collective activities of young children but also cultivating children's abilities in various aspects.Kindergarten homemade"play and teaching aids"for early childhood teachers and children have their special educational significance and value,therefore,this paper is based on the children and teachers double subject basis,discussing the homemade"play and teaching aids"for children and teachers of the double subject meanings,and puts forward the realization of the This paper discusses the double-subjective meaning of homemade teaching aids for children and teachers on the basis of the double-subjective foundation of children and teachers,and puts forward specific suggestions for realizing the double-subjectivity of kindergarten homemade teaching aids to enrich the theoretical value and practical significance of homemade teaching aids,to provide theoretical references and support for the relevant staff.

Observation on Curative Effect of Self-made Wubeizi Decoction Combined with rhaFGF in Promoting Postoperative Wound Healing in Patients with Anal Fistula

[Objectives]To explore the curative effect of Self-made Wubeizi Decoction combined with recombinant human acidic fibroblast growth factor(rhaFGF)in promoting postoperative wound healing in patients with anal fistula.[Methods]A total of 82 patients with anal fistula who underwent anal fistula resection+use of setons in Luodian Hospital during January and March of 2020 were randomly divided into observation group and control group with 41 cases in each group.The control group was given rhaFGF external application regimen,and the observation group was treated with Self-made Wubeizi Decoction on the basis of the control group.After 3 weeks of treatment,the differences in curative effects of TCM syndromes were compared between the two groups.Besides,the changes in TCM symptom scores,inflammatory mediators[interleukin-12(IL-12),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interferon-γ(IFN-γ)],anorectal functions[anal resting pressure(ARP),maximal systolic pressure(MSP)and maximum tolerated volume(MTV)of the anal canal],quality of life[GQOLI-74 scores]were compared.[Results]After 3 weeks of treatment,the total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05);the levels of TCM symptom scores,IL-12,TNF-α,IFN-γ,ARP,MSP,and MTV in both groups were significantly lower than those before treatment,and these levels in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group at the same time(P<0.05).The GQOLI-74 scores of both groups were significantly higher than those before treatment,and the observation group was significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05).[Conclusions]The Self-made Wubeizi Decoction combined with rhaFGF therapy has a significant effect in promoting postoperative wound healing in patients with anal fistula.It can effectively inhibit the local inflammation of patients,facilitate the recovery of anorectal function and improve the quality of life,thus has high clinical application value.

Severe skeletal bimaxillary protrusion treated with micro-implants and a self-made four-curvature torquing auxiliary: A case report

BACKGROUND Bimaxillary protrusion is a clinically common dentofacial deformity,particularly among Chinese patients.This kind of malformation can severely affect facial esthetics and,even in mild cases,is difficult to correct without surgery.Unfortunately,many patients abandon treatment because of fear of surgery.Here,we describe a case of severe skeletal bimaxillary protrusion treated with nonsurgical orthodontic treatments,highlighting an alternative treatment option.CASE SUMMARY A 31-year-old woman wished to address a severe protrusion profile(approximately 8 mm overbite)and gummy smile.Cephalometric analysis and superimposition showed a severe skeletal class II pattern with a mandibular retrusion,and proclined and protrusive mandibular incisors.Panoramic radiograph showed a missing mandibular right third molar.A diagnosis of severe bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion was made.Taking into account the patient’s fear of orthognathic surgery,she accepted the proposed alternative treatment using micro-implants and a self-made four-curvature torquing auxiliary.The treatment allowed for maximal en masse anterior tooth retraction,proper relocation of incisors,and alleviation of the skeletal class II pattern.Esthetically,the patient’s lip protrusion was significantly decreased as was the overjet(from 10.5 mm to 1.8 mm),and the results remained stable throughout the 2-year followup.CONCLUSION Nonsurgical treatment using micro-implants and a four-curvature torquing auxiliary may benefit severe cases of skeletal bimaxillary protrusion in adults.

Self-made wire loop snare successfully treats gastric persimmon stone under endoscopy

BACKGROUND Large gastric persimmon stones are generally resistant to standard endoscopic treatments.We applied an alternative endoscopic method using a hand-made snare for the treatment of large gastric phytobezoars.AIM To explore the clinical efficacy of a self-made wire loop snare to treat giant gastric persimmon stones.METHODS A retrospective study evaluated the clinical data of 38 patients with gastroliths admitted to Taihe Hospital in Shiyan City,Hubei Province,China,between March 2015 and October 2020.The patients were divided into observation(n=23)and control(n=15)groups.Patients in the observation group were treated with selfmade wire loop snares for lithotripsy,and patients in the control group were treated with traditional foreign body forceps,snares,injection needles,and other tools.Successful stone removal,treatment time,and hospital stay were compared.RESULTS The average operating time was significantly shorter(P<0.001)in the observation group(53.4 min)than that in the control group(172.8 min).The average hospital stay of the observation group(5.4 d)was significantly shorter(P<0.001)than that in the control group(10.3 d).Successful one-time treatment was significantly more frequent(P<0.001)in the observation group(87%)than in the control group(7%).CONCLUSION Self-made guidewire loop snares were successfully used to treat gastrolithiasis, and were significantly more effective than foreign body forceps, snares, and other traditionalmethods.

Protective Effects of Self-made Compound Taoren Danshen Decoction on Rats with Acute Liver Injury

[Objectives] To study the protective effects of self-made Compound Taoren Danshen Decoction( CTDD) on acute liver injury induced by D-galactosamine in rats,and to explore its mechanism. [Methods]An acute liver injury model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 500 mg/kg of D-galactosamine. The ALT,AST,MDA,SOD and GSH-Px in serum,as well as serum TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 levels were measured,and liver tissue lesions were observed under microscope. [Results] CTDD can significantly reduce ALT,AST and MDA levels,increase SOD,GSH-Px activity,and significantly reduce serum TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 levels,and improve liver tissue lesions.[Conclusions]CTDD has a protective effect on D-galactosamine-induced acute liver injury in rats,and its mechanism may be related to inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction.

Observation on the Effect of Umbilical Therapy of Herbal Medicine Combined with Self-Made Dysmenorrhea Paste on Primary Dysmenorrhea

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of self-made dysmenorrhea paste combined with umbilical therapy of herbal medicine on primary dysmenorrhea.Methods:160 patients with primary dysmenorrhea were recruited from Changle People’s Hospital.Participants were randomly divided into control group and treatment group,with 80 cases in each group.The control group were administered the dysmenorrhea paste sold on the market for 5 days during three menstruation cycles,and the treatment group was given the umbilical therapy of herbal medicine combined with self-made dysmenorrhea paste.The outcome was the intensity of menstrual pain measured by using the visual analogue scale,TCM symptom score and dysmenorrhea symptom score of patients,responder rate.The clinical outcomes were measured on each menstrual cycle at baseline,treatment course(3 cycles),and follow-up period.Results:In this study,there was no significant difference in age and severity of disease between the two groups before treatment.After treatment,VAS score,TCM symptom score and dysmenorrhea symptom score of patients in both groups decreased.The total effective rate was 90.75%in the treatment group and 81.25%in the control group.Conclusion:The treatment of primary dysmenorrhea patients with self-made dysmenorrhea paste combined with application of drugs and moxibustion naval-button method has a significant clinical effect.This method can reduce the pain of patients,improve the quality of life of patients,and homemade dysmenorrhea paste has a good taste,long shelf life,easy to carry,and is worthy of promotion and application.

Effect of self-made exhaust plaster on patients with gastrointestinal dysfunction after gynecological operation

Objective:To explore the effect of self-made exhaust patch(SMEP)on gastrointestinal dysfunction after gynecological operation.Methods:A total of 200 patients with gynecological operation in the gynecological ward of Shandong Changle People's Hospital were randomly divided into the control group(n=100)and the treatment group(n=100).The recovery time of bowel sounds,the time of first anal exhaust,the duration of abdominal distention,the duration of abdominal pain,the incidence of abdominal distention and abdominal pain and linical efficacy of SMEP were observed.Results:Compared with the control group,the recovery time of gastrointestinal function and the first anal exhaust time in the treatment group were shorter;the duration of abdominal distention and abdominal pain in the treatment group were shorter than those in the control group(P<0.05);Cure rate of abdominal distention in the treatment is 62.5%and cure rate of abdominal pain in the treatment is 60%within 72 hours after operation,which is higher than that in the control group(44.%,45.9%).Conclusion:The results showed that the self-made exhaust patch can improve the clinical symptoms of patients after gynecological abdominal surgery,and the self-made exhaust patch had a significant effect on gastrointestinal dysfunction after gynecological surgery,which was worthy of clinical promotion.

基于TRIZ理论的多工位柔性压曲机设计

针对压曲机单点单次压制曲块质量不稳定、提浆效果差等问题,采用TRIZ理论对压曲机进行总体方案创新设计。利用分割、多维化原理设计多工位压曲装置,包括落料、预压整形、3次捶打和脱模输出等6个工位,平均产量为500块/h。采用复制、动态化、改变参数、近似化原理设计锤头装置,每个模盒均对应包含8个可独立捶打的柔性锤头装置,实现24次/周期的多点、多频次柔性捶打。运用SolidWorks进行设备虚拟建模,通过样机验证方案。试验结果表明,设备压制的曲块含水率约为12%,曲块表面提浆效果面积比约为82%,曲皮厚度约为0.96 cm,曲块中间松、四周紧,断面整洁。研究为压曲机的创新设计提供新的思路。

肉豆蔻曲代替麸煨肉豆蔻组成方新二神丸的止泻作用研究

目的基于脾肾阳虚泄泻小鼠模型探讨肉豆蔻曲配伍组成新二神丸的止泻作用。方法将KM小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、二神丸Ⅰ组(盐补骨脂+麸煨肉豆蔻)、二神丸Ⅱ组(盐补骨脂+肉豆蔻曲)、二神丸Ⅲ组(盐补骨脂+肉豆蔻生品)、盐补骨脂组、肉豆蔻曲组,采用“氢化可的松+番泻叶”的复合造模方法建立脾肾阳虚泄泻小鼠模型,观察各组小鼠一般体征、各脏器病理变化,检测小鼠各脏器指数、小肠推进率、胃残留率、血清胃动素(MTL)、胃泌素(GAS)、肾上腺酮(CORT)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)、睾酮(T)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)水平,对粪便微生物进行16S rDNA测序及信息分析。结果造模后,与正常组相比,模型组小鼠体重减轻,活动量减少,小肠推进率显著升高,胃残留率、各脏器指数均显著降低,血清GAS、CORT、TSH、T水平均显著下降,MTL、TNF-α、IL-β水平均显著上升,肠道菌群物种多样性降低;给药后,各给药组小鼠上述指标和症状均有不同程度改善,且二神丸Ⅱ组整体上优于二神丸Ⅰ组、二神丸Ⅲ组、盐补骨脂组及肉豆蔻曲组。结论肉豆蔻曲与盐补骨脂配伍使用对脾肾阳虚泄泻的作用效果显著,肉豆蔻发酵后能减少其毒性风险,增强其温脾止泻作用,为肉豆蔻曲的开发奠定基础。

单菌和混合菌发酵餐厨垃圾产乳酸研究

以餐厨垃圾为原料产乳酸可显著降低乳酸的工业生产成本,并实现餐厨垃圾的高值资源化利用,但餐厨垃圾组成复杂,在乳酸发酵过程中存在底物转化率和乳酸产量低等问题。研究了植物乳杆菌(单菌)、甜酒曲(含根霉属和鼠李糖乳杆菌的混合菌)及泡菜粉(含植物乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和鼠李糖乳杆菌的混合菌)这3种接种物对餐厨垃圾发酵产乳酸的影响,结果表明:与不添加接种物的对照组相比,添加3种接种物均可提高乳酸产量,其中接种甜酒曲时乳酸发酵性能最佳;在底物负荷为20~180 g/L的范围内,乳酸产量随底物负荷的增大呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势。采用响应面法对甜酒曲接种时餐厨垃圾的乳酸发酵工艺进行了优化,得到优化工艺条件为:pH7、温度30℃、接种量18.75%、底物负荷100 g/L,在此条件下实验测得乳酸的最高产量为(82.34±2.40) g/L,乳酸转化率达82.34%。

螺旋藻风味酱的发酵工艺研究

螺旋藻富含蛋白质、维生素和人体所需的各种微量元素,具有提高免疫力、抗贫血、预防高血脂等功效。以螺旋藻、面粉为主要原料进行发酵,使酱具有独特螺旋藻风味的同时提高了其营养价值。为获得螺旋藻风味酱的发酵工艺,研究不同因素对螺旋藻风味酱发酵的影响,进行了单因素实验,得到最佳条件为料水比1∶1.25、藻面比100∶0、培养温度35℃、接种量0.1%、盐浓度13%、制曲时间72 h。在此基础上进行四因素三水平正交实验设计,对发酵工艺进行进一步研究。以氨基酸态氮含量作为指标,得到最佳工艺条件为料水比1∶1、藻面比90∶10、培养温度35℃、接种量0.05%、盐浓度13%、制曲时间72 h。进行验证实验,最佳条件下得到的螺旋藻风味酱酯香浓郁,黏稠适度,咸甜适口,氨基酸态氮含量达到(1.54±0.03)g/100 g。通过在酱料中加入不同香料炒制,得到多种口味的螺旋藻风味酱。

牡丹籽粕的添加对发酵豆酱理化性质的影响

牡丹籽粕是油用牡丹籽榨油后得到的副产物,富含蛋白质、多糖、黄酮等营养成分。该研究在传统豆酱的制作原料中添加牡丹籽粕,以研究其对豆酱发酵过程中曲料酶活及营养成分的影响。通过单因素实验确定牡丹籽粕的最佳添加比例为黄豆∶籽粕为7∶3,在该条件下制得的成曲中性蛋白酶、淀粉酶和糖化酶最大酶活分别为1177.85,686.58,1564.36 U/g;后酵35 d后,所得牡丹籽粕豆酱中还原糖含量为9.66 g/100 g DW,多肽含量为19.53 g/100 g,总黄酮含量为1.93 mg CE/g DW,酱香浓郁、咸鲜适宜,具有良好的感官接受度,为提升牡丹籽粕附加值及开发新型营养型调味品提供了理论指导和技术思路。

甜酒曲发酵小米酒精饮料工艺优化及其品质分析

为增加小米资源利用率,本文以小米为原料用甜酒曲发酵成小米酒精饮料,采用可溶性固形物、总酸及感官评分为综合评价指标,通过单因素实验和响应面试验研究小米酒精饮料的最佳工艺,并对其营养品质、抗氧化能力和挥发性风味物质进行测定。结果表明:甜酒曲添加量1%、发酵时间3 d、发酵温度32℃为最佳。所得产品可溶性固形物为22.05%,总酸为19.33 g/L,感官评分为89.37分,酒精度0.7%vol,黄酮含量66.78 mg/L,多酚含量65.13 mg/L。所测矿物质中钾含量最高,所测维生素中烟酰胺含量最高,DPPH自由基清除率73.19%,ABTS+自由基清除率34.29%,羟自由基清除率53.72%。此外,共检测到46种挥发性风味物质,种类最多的为酯类和醇类,它们共同赋予小米酒精饮料特有的香气。该产品营养丰富且滋味浓郁、酸甜适中,可为开发以小米为原料的功能性食品提供理论参考。

大曲耐热细菌富集及其在小曲白酒中的应用

大曲中耐热细菌菌群富含多种酶系,对白酒风味物质的产生有重要的影响。该研究采用高温富集方法从大曲中分离目的耐热细菌菌群,制作成麸曲并应用在小曲白酒酿造过程中,初步探究了三种高温条件下大曲耐热细菌菌群在小曲酒中的功能。通过16S rDNA测序技术分析了微生物结构及多样性,并考察了含水量对麸曲中的细菌生物量的影响,结果发现,大曲中以Bacillus为主的耐热细菌菌群被成功复刻至麸曲中,并占主导地位;在一定范围内随着富集温度的升高,耐热细菌占比越大;水分含量在55%时,麸曲中细菌生物量最高可达8.52×10^(10) CFU/g。通过小曲酒酿造试验发现,酿造出的最优小曲酒相较于对照组,出酒率提高3.7%,高级醇含量降低27.27%,酯含量增加23.07%,说明在小曲酒酿造过程中使用大曲耐热细菌菌群,可以提高小曲白酒质量。

红曲玫瑰风味醪糟的研制及风味品质分析

以红曲米粉和玫瑰花瓣为辅助原料,研发一种新型红曲玫瑰风味醪糟。通过单因素实验得出红曲玫瑰风味醪糟的最佳工艺为红曲米粉添加量1.5%,玫瑰花瓣添加量2.0%,甜酒曲添加量0.4%,发酵时间3 d。在此条件下制备的醪糟颜色红润、玫瑰香气浓郁、风味协调、甜酸适口,感官接受度高。与纯米根霉甜酒曲发酵的醪糟相比,该产品中有机酸减少16.46%,还原糖、乙醇、挥发性物质含量分别提高7.82%、76.80%、35.08%。红曲米粉和玫瑰花瓣的加入可明显增强醪糟的酒香味和芳香味,减少醪糟的酸味,增强醪糟的甜味。

浏阳豆豉晾曲阶段相关指标的变化研究

为明确浏阳豆豉生产过程中晾曲阶段对豆豉品质的影响,测定不同晾曲时间下微生物数量、理化指标和关键酶活性。结果表明,晾曲过程中,豆豉曲的菌落总数、真菌总数均呈逐渐上升的趋势,并在96 h达到最大值,分别为5.9×10^(9)CFU/g和7.6×10^(6)CFU/g;水分含量减少至23.80%,总糖含量下降至5.09%,而总酸、氨基酸态氮和苷元型异黄酮含量分别上升至1.46%、0.88%、1 383.90 mg/kg;除中性蛋白酶外,α-淀粉酶、脂肪酶、纤维素酶、酸性蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶的活力整体均先升高后降低,且在晾曲阶段中性蛋白酶为主要酶。相关性分析结果表明,浏阳豆豉晾曲阶段,水分含量与菌落总数,总糖含量与菌落总数、α-淀粉酶、纤维素酶活力,以及氨基酸态氮含量与中性蛋白酶活力呈显著正相关(P<0.05),而氨基酸态氮含量与水分含量呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。该结果可为浏阳传统曲霉型豆豉的工艺优化提供理论依据。

添加江蓠对酱油制曲及成曲品质的影响

为挖掘可食用海藻在传统发酵食品中的应用潜力,以江蓠为研究对象,采用响应面法优化江蓠制曲工艺,探究添加江蓠对制曲过程中孢子数量、酶系活力、固形物含量变化的影响,并进一步采用气相色谱-离子迁移谱结合主成分分析的方法,对传统酱油成曲和江蓠成曲挥发性风味物质进行分析。结果表明,江蓠成曲最佳工艺条件为制曲时间86 h、米曲霉∶黑曲霉为1∶3(体积比),霉菌接种量为4.3%,黄豆粉∶面粉∶江蓠为5∶2∶2.5(质量比),在此条件下酸性蛋白酶活力为2956.86 U/g干基,糖化酶活力为3082.80 U/g干基。江蓠成曲中的酸性蛋白酶、糖化酶、淀粉酶、氨肽酶、纤维素酶活力及孢子数量均高于传统酱油成曲,其固形物含量低于酱油成曲;传统酱油成曲和江蓠成曲共鉴定出24种风味物质,添加江蓠会影响酱油成曲的挥发性风味物质种类和含量,其中醇类、酮类、酯类、醛类等物质对江蓠成曲风味贡献较大。气相迁移谱结合主成分分析可以较好地区分传统酱油成曲和江蓠成曲的主要风味物质差异。综上,在制曲过程中添加江蓠,可显著提高其酶系活力,并赋予体系不同风味物质,表明以江蓠为发酵基料具有酿造酱油的潜力,并为海藻资源的高值化利用和丰富酱油产品种类提供理论参考。

西藏地区青稞酒曲微生物群落结构及多样性分析

为分析西藏地区青稞酒曲中微生物群落结构组成差异,基于高通量测序技术对西藏7个地区青稞酒曲中的微生物群落结构组成及多样性进行分析。结果表明,青稞酒曲中富含丰富的微生物类群,且细菌多于真菌;那曲(NQ)样品细菌多样性最高,昌都(CD)样品真菌多样性最高;青稞酒曲中的优势细菌菌群为乳酸杆菌属、明串珠菌属和魏斯氏菌属,优势真菌菌群为根霉菌属和曲霉菌属,不同地区青稞酒曲中优势微生物类群存在一定的共性和差异性。主成分分析表明,NQ、阿里(AL)、日喀则(RKZ)和山南(SN)样品间细菌群落结构相似,CD、林芝(LZ)和拉萨(LS)样品间细菌群落结构相似;AL、NQ、LS、LZ和SN样品中的真菌群落聚为一类,而CD和RKZ各聚为一类。LEfSe差异判别分析表明,不同地区青稞酒曲中均有各自的标志性细菌类群,真菌菌群除SN样品外,其它地区均有标志性真菌类群。结论:西藏不同地区青稞酒曲中的微生物群落结构组成存在明显差异。本研究为进一步开发利用益生微生物类群和复合型酒曲的制备提供了理论依据。

紫菜粉碎方式对紫菜酱油酿造的影响

以种曲酶活力与原油品质为指标,探究超微粉碎和普通粉碎预处理对紫菜酱油酿造的影响,并通过单因素和响应面试验,优化制曲工艺。研究结果表明,成曲蛋白酶活力值为未添加紫菜>普通粉碎>超微粉碎,且超微粉碎条斑紫菜>超微粉碎坛紫菜;发酵180 d后,超微粉碎紫菜酱油的黏度高于普通粉碎紫菜酱油,且均高于普通酱油;紫菜酱油成曲的最佳制曲工艺为接种量0.50%、制曲时间48 h、制曲温度32℃,在该条件下,成曲中蛋白酶活力可达到2109.00 U/g。以最佳制曲工艺进行验证试验,结果表明,相比于普通粉碎预处理,超微粉碎可将坛紫菜酱油和条斑紫菜酱油中蛋白质利用率分别提高5.91%和6.05%。

响应面法优化发酵杏仁酱制曲工艺

为丰富杏仁产品市场,该研究以冷榨脱脂杏仁蛋白粉为原料,以米曲霉(Aspergillus oryzae)和黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)为制曲菌种,通过混合菌种发酵法制备一款发酵杏仁酱,并以蛋白酶活力为响应值,采用单因素试验及响应面试验对其制曲工艺进行优化。结果表明,发酵杏仁酱的最优制曲工艺为混合菌粉添加量0.7%、制曲温度30℃、米曲霉与黑曲霉接种比例3∶1。在此优化条件下制得的成曲蛋白酶活力为0.62 g氨基酸态氮/100 g成曲,感官评分为8.6分,曲香味浓郁,呈新鲜黄绿色,质地松软,菌丝分布均匀一致,为杏仁酱产品的开发提供了前期酶解成曲保障。