Dear Editor,This letter is concerned with visual perception closely related to heterogeneous images.Facing the huge challenge brought by different image modalities,we propose a visual perception framework based on het...Dear Editor,This letter is concerned with visual perception closely related to heterogeneous images.Facing the huge challenge brought by different image modalities,we propose a visual perception framework based on heterogeneous image knowledge,i.e.,the domain knowledge associated with specific vision tasks,to better address the corresponding visual perception problems.展开更多
Purpose:This paper aims to address the limitations in existing research on the evolution of knowledge flow networks by proposing a meso-level institutional field knowledge flow network evolution model(IKM).The purpose...Purpose:This paper aims to address the limitations in existing research on the evolution of knowledge flow networks by proposing a meso-level institutional field knowledge flow network evolution model(IKM).The purpose is to simulate the construction process of a knowledge flow network using knowledge organizations as units and to investigate its effectiveness in replicating institutional field knowledge flow networks.Design/Methodology/Approach:The IKM model enhances the preferential attachment and growth observed in scale-free BA networks,while incorporating three adjustment parameters to simulate the selection of connection targets and the types of nodes involved in the network evolution process Using the PageRank algorithm to calculate the significance of nodes within the knowledge flow network.To compare its performance,the BA and DMS models are also employed for simulating the network.Pearson coefficient analysis is conducted on the simulated networks generated by the IKM,BA and DMS models,as well as on the actual network.Findings:The research findings demonstrate that the IKM model outperforms the BA and DMS models in replicating the institutional field knowledge flow network.It provides comprehensive insights into the evolution mechanism of knowledge flow networks in the scientific research realm.The model also exhibits potential applicability to other knowledge networks that involve knowledge organizations as node units.Research Limitations:This study has some limitations.Firstly,it primarily focuses on the evolution of knowledge flow networks within the field of physics,neglecting other fields.Additionally,the analysis is based on a specific set of data,which may limit the generalizability of the findings.Future research could address these limitations by exploring knowledge flow networks in diverse fields and utilizing broader datasets.Practical Implications:The proposed IKM model offers practical implications for the construction and analysis of knowledge flow networks within institutions.It provides a valuable tool for understanding and managing knowledge exchange between knowledge organizations.The model can aid in optimizing knowledge flow and enhancing collaboration within organizations.Originality/value:This research highlights the significance of meso-level studies in understanding knowledge organization and its impact on knowledge flow networks.The IKM model demonstrates its effectiveness in replicating institutional field knowledge flow networks and offers practical implications for knowledge management in institutions.Moreover,the model has the potential to be applied to other knowledge networks,which are formed by knowledge organizations as node units.展开更多
In this editorial we comment on the article titled“Establishment and validation of an adherence prediction system for lifestyle interventions in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease”by Zeng et al published in a recent ...In this editorial we comment on the article titled“Establishment and validation of an adherence prediction system for lifestyle interventions in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease”by Zeng et al published in a recent issue of the World Journal of Gastroenterology.Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)represents one of the current challenges in hepatology and public health,due to its continuous growing prevalence and the rising incidence of NAFLD-related fibrosis,non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and cirrhosis.The only effective therapeutic strategy for this dis-ease is represented by encouraging patients to improve their lifestyle through the modification of dietary intake and increased physical exercise,but the effective application of such modifications is often limited by various factors such as lack of information,psychological barriers or poor social support.While poor adherence to a healthy lifestyle can be decisive in determining the clinical outcome,in daily practice there is a lack of quantitative instruments aimed at identifying patients with the lowest adherence to lifestyle changes and higher risk of disease progre-ssion in the course of follow-up.In this article,Zeng et al propose a quantitative scale to assess the grade of adherence of patients with NAFLD to hea-lthy lifestyle intervention,called the Exercise and Diet Adherence Scale(EDAS).This scale,consisting of 33 items divided into 6 dimensions which relates to six subjective aspects in the self-management of NAFLD,has shown a good correlation with the identification of the sub-cohort of patients with the highest reduction in caloric intake,increase in physical exercise,probability of a reduction in liver stiffness measurement and alanine aminotransferase levels.The cor-relation among clinical outcomes and specific dimensions of this scale also highlights the pivotal role of a good and confidential doctor-patient relationship and of an effective communication.There is an urgent need for practical and effective instruments to assess the grade of self-management of NAFLD patients,together with the development of multidisciplinary teams with the aim of applying structured behavioral interventions.展开更多
Background: Non-communicable diseases are increasing among adolescents. The decision about diet is the foundation of eating habits that could persist to adulthood. Dietary decisions, which usually are hard to change l...Background: Non-communicable diseases are increasing among adolescents. The decision about diet is the foundation of eating habits that could persist to adulthood. Dietary decisions, which usually are hard to change later in life, make nutrition education at school paramount to prevent obesity and NCDs, and promote healthy eating. Objectives: To assess level of nutrition awareness and knowledge of healthy eating and food intake behaviors and association with Body Mass Index (BMI) and age. Methods: A cross sectional study that included measures such as age, gender, socioeconomic status, BMI, and nutrition knowledge was conducted in 264 respondents from 18th June 2015 to 9th July 2015. The nutrition knowledge questionnaire was composed of 24 questions divided into food nutrients, food contents, healthiest foods, and energy expenditure and nutrition benefits. CDC BMI chart for 2-20-year-olds was used to plot respondent’s weight and height. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 14.3 years (SD 0.79). Most of the respondents (153/252, 53.6%) had a low socio-economic status as categorized by the present study. The mean (SD) BMI was 20.08 (3.90). Most respondents (56.3%, 142/252) failed the knowledge test and scored below 50% and only two respondents (0.8%) had excellent nutrition knowledge. The mean percentage achieved was 46.1% (SD 15.91) ranging from 8.3% to 87.5%. There was a significant correlation between nutrition knowledge and BMI (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The study shows that adolescents do not have adequate nutrition knowledge, placing them at risk for developing non-communicable diseases later in life. Nutrition education programs are urgently needed for teachers, parents, and children.展开更多
The acquisition of valuable design knowledge from massive fragmentary data is challenging for designers in conceptual product design.This study proposes a novel method for acquiring design knowledge by combining deep ...The acquisition of valuable design knowledge from massive fragmentary data is challenging for designers in conceptual product design.This study proposes a novel method for acquiring design knowledge by combining deep learning with knowledge graph.Specifically,the design knowledge acquisition method utilises the knowledge extraction model to extract design-related entities and relations from fragmentary data,and further constructs the knowledge graph to support design knowledge acquisition for conceptual product design.Moreover,the knowledge extraction model introduces ALBERT to solve memory limitation and communication overhead in the entity extraction module,and uses multi-granularity information to overcome segmentation errors and polysemy ambiguity in the relation extraction module.Experimental comparison verified the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed knowledge extraction model.The case study demonstrated the feasibility of the knowledge graph construction with real fragmentary porcelain data and showed the capability to provide designers with interconnected and visualised design knowledge.展开更多
Knowledge graph(KG)serves as a specialized semantic network that encapsulates intricate relationships among real-world entities within a structured framework.This framework facilitates a transformation in information ...Knowledge graph(KG)serves as a specialized semantic network that encapsulates intricate relationships among real-world entities within a structured framework.This framework facilitates a transformation in information retrieval,transitioning it from mere string matching to far more sophisticated entity matching.In this transformative process,the advancement of artificial intelligence and intelligent information services is invigorated.Meanwhile,the role ofmachine learningmethod in the construction of KG is important,and these techniques have already achieved initial success.This article embarks on a comprehensive journey through the last strides in the field of KG via machine learning.With a profound amalgamation of cutting-edge research in machine learning,this article undertakes a systematical exploration of KG construction methods in three distinct phases:entity learning,ontology learning,and knowledge reasoning.Especially,a meticulous dissection of machine learningdriven algorithms is conducted,spotlighting their contributions to critical facets such as entity extraction,relation extraction,entity linking,and link prediction.Moreover,this article also provides an analysis of the unresolved challenges and emerging trajectories that beckon within the expansive application of machine learning-fueled,large-scale KG construction.展开更多
The editors of International Journal of Ophthalmology gratefully acknowledge the members of IJO Editorial Board and reviewers from 57 countries and regions who participated in the peer-reviews and provided their valua...The editors of International Journal of Ophthalmology gratefully acknowledge the members of IJO Editorial Board and reviewers from 57 countries and regions who participated in the peer-reviews and provided their valuable comments between Nov.1^(st),2022 and Oct.31^(st),2023.展开更多
Objective:To determine the global level of knowledge,attitudes,and practices towards dengue fever among the general population.Methods:To complete this systematic review and meta-analysis,a thorough search for pertine...Objective:To determine the global level of knowledge,attitudes,and practices towards dengue fever among the general population.Methods:To complete this systematic review and meta-analysis,a thorough search for pertinent English-language literature was undertaken during the study's extension until October 2023.The search used Google Scholar,Scopus,PubMed/MEDLINE,Science Direct,Web of Science,EMBASE,Springer,and ProQuest.A quality assessment checklist developed using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for the cross-sectional study was used to evaluate the risk of bias in the included papers.Inverse variance and Cochran Q statistics were employed in the STATA software version 14 to assess study heterogeneity.When there was heterogeneity,the Dersimonian and Liard random-effects models were used.Results:59 Studies totaling 87353 participants were included in this meta-analysis.These investigations included 86278 participants in 55 studies on knowledge,20196 in 33 studies on attitudes,and 74881 in 29 studies on practices.The pooled estimates for sufficient knowledge,positive attitudes,and dengue fever preventive behaviors among the general population were determined as 40.1%(95%CI 33.8%-46.5%),46.8%(95%CI 35.8%-58.9%),and 38.3%(95%CI 28.4%-48.2%),respectively.Europe exhibits the highest knowledge level at 63.5%,and Africa shows the lowest at 20.3%.Positive attitudes are most prevalent in the Eastern Mediterranean(54.1%)and Southeast Asia(53.6%),contrasting sharply with the Americas,where attitudes are notably lower at 9.05%.Regarding preventive behaviors,the Americas demonstrate a prevalence of 12.1%,Southeast Asia at 28.1%,Western Pacific at 49.6%,Eastern Mediterranean at 44.8%,and Africa at 47.4%.Conclusions:Regional disparities about the knowledge,attitude and preventive bahaviors are evident with Europe exhibiting the highest knowledge level while Africa has the lowest.These findings emphasize the importance of targeted public health interventions tailored to regional contexts,highlighting the need for region-specific strategies to enhance dengue-related knowledge and encourage positive attitudes and preventive behaviors.展开更多
Purpose: Needle-stick injury (NSI) is one of the most potential occupational hazards for healthcare workers because of the transmission of blood-borne pathogens. As per recent data, around 30 lakh healthcare workers s...Purpose: Needle-stick injury (NSI) is one of the most potential occupational hazards for healthcare workers because of the transmission of blood-borne pathogens. As per recent data, around 30 lakh healthcare workers sustain Needle stick injuries each year. This study was conducted to assess healthcare workers’ knowledge, attitude and practices regarding needle stick injury. Materials & Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a Tertiary Care Hospital over the period of 3 months. The study population consisted of Intern Doctors, Post Graduate resident Doctors, Staff Nurses, laboratory technicians of Government Medical College and New Civil Hospital, Surat (n = 300). The data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire via the means of Google Forms. Questionnaire was made with prior review literature. The data obtained were entered and analysed in Microsoft Excel. Results: The prevalence of NSI in our study was 46%, with a higher prevalence among the PG residents (72%). Overall scores regarding knowledge and attitude were better in PG residents (knowledge score > 7 in 71% and Attitude Score > 7 in 68% of PG Residents). Even though the PG residents scored highest in the knowledge category, the majority of them suffered needle stick injuries as a result of poor practice scores. Among those who had NSI (n = 139/300), 70% of study participants had superficial injuries, only 9% reported the incident, 18% got medical attention within 2 hours of the incident, and 7% followed up to recheck their viral markers status. Most incidents of NSI were due to hypodermic needles while recapping needles. Conclusion: Exposure to needle stick injuries and their underreporting remains a common problem. It is imperative that healthcare workers receive regular training on the proper handling of sharp objects. We can also draw the conclusion that preventing NSIs requires putting knowledge into practice.展开更多
Objective:To assess pregnant women's knowledge,attitude,and practice regarding nutrition and medication usage,analyse the prescribing pattern,and categorize them based on the Food and Drug Administration(FDA)guide...Objective:To assess pregnant women's knowledge,attitude,and practice regarding nutrition and medication usage,analyse the prescribing pattern,and categorize them based on the Food and Drug Administration(FDA)guidelines.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted with 264 pregnant women in the obstetrics and gynaecology department of a tertiary care hospital from October 2022 to August 2023.A knowledge,attitude,and practice(KAP)questionnaire was prepared in English language by the researchers and validated by an expert panel consisting of 12 members.The validated questionnaire was then translated into regional languages,Kannada and Malayalam.The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed with test-retest method with a representative sample population of 30 subjects(10 subjects for each language).The subjects'knowledge,attitude,and practice were evaluated using the validated KAP questionnaire.The safety of the medication was assessed using the FDA drug safety classification for pregnancy.Results:The mean scores for nutritional and medication usage knowledge,attitude,and practice were 4.14±1.15,4.50±1.09,and 3.00±1.47,respectively.Among 30 prescribed medications,3 belong to category A(no risk in human studies),8 belong to category B(no risk in animal studies),18 belong to category C(risk cannot be ruled out)and 1 drug is not classified.A significant association was observed between medication knowledge and practice(r=0.159,P=0.010).Conclusions:Most of the study population knows the need to maintain good dietary and medication practices during pregnancy.Counselling pregnant women regarding diet and medication usage is crucial in maternal care.展开更多
Background: Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) remain a common cause of death, functional disability, emotional suffering and economic burden among hospitalized patients. Knowledge of HAIs is important in its prevent...Background: Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) remain a common cause of death, functional disability, emotional suffering and economic burden among hospitalized patients. Knowledge of HAIs is important in its prevention and control. This study seeks to assess the knowledge of Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) among medical students in a Tertiary Hospital in Jos North Local Government Area, Plateau State, Nigeria. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study done in October 2019 among clinical medical students using a Multistage sampling technique. Data was collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire and analyzed using the IBM SPSS 20 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). Ethical approval was granted by Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Ethics Committee, Jos, Plateau State. Results: A total of 219 students in the clinical arm of the College of Medicine and Health Sciences were selected. A higher proportion (97.7%) of respondents knew about Hospital Acquired Infections and 85.4% knew that Hospital Acquired infections occur in the hospital, and (86.3%) considered patients contagious with half (58.9%) considered patients as the most important source of HAIs, followed by care givers (13.2%), then doctors including medical students and interns (10.0%) and lastly nurses (8.7%). The majority of respondents (70.8%) considered Surgical Wound Infections to be the most commonly occurring HAI, followed by UTIs (69.9%), RTIs (61.2%), BSIs (37.0%) and others (0.9%). The clinical thermometer was the instrument that most commonly transmits HAIs (82.6%), then followed by stethoscope (62.1%), white coats (53.9%), and blood pressure cuff (51.1%). Most respondents knew the infectious substances, like blood (96.3%), nasal discharge (82.6%), saliva (85.3%), and faeces (79.4%) transmitted HAIs, 72.6% of the respondents said that they were aware of the recommended hand washing techniques by WHO. Conclusion: The majority of students 91.3% had good knowledge while 8.7% had poor knowledge of HAIs. Lower classes had more respondents with poor knowledge. This finding was statistically significant (p = 0.002, Chi-square 12.819). Students are encouraged to keep up the level of knowledge they have about HAIs. These students can help improve the knowledge of those whose knowledge level is low. Government and NGOs should support sponsorship for capacity-building events targeted at HAIs for healthcare workers and medical students.展开更多
Side-scan sonar(SSS)is now a prevalent instrument for large-scale seafloor topography measurements,deployable on an autonomous underwater vehicle(AUV)to execute fully automated underwater acoustic scanning imaging alo...Side-scan sonar(SSS)is now a prevalent instrument for large-scale seafloor topography measurements,deployable on an autonomous underwater vehicle(AUV)to execute fully automated underwater acoustic scanning imaging along a predetermined trajectory.However,SSS images often suffer from speckle noise caused by mutual interference between echoes,and limited AUV computational resources further hinder noise suppression.Existing approaches for SSS image processing and speckle noise reduction rely heavily on complex network structures and fail to combine the benefits of deep learning and domain knowledge.To address the problem,Rep DNet,a novel and effective despeckling convolutional neural network is proposed.Rep DNet introduces two re-parameterized blocks:the Pixel Smoothing Block(PSB)and Edge Enhancement Block(EEB),preserving edge information while attenuating speckle noise.During training,PSB and EEB manifest as double-layered multi-branch structures,integrating first-order and secondorder derivatives and smoothing functions.During inference,the branches are re-parameterized into a 3×3 convolution,enabling efficient inference without sacrificing accuracy.Rep DNet comprises three computational operations:3×3 convolution,element-wise summation and Rectified Linear Unit activation.Evaluations on benchmark datasets,a real SSS dataset and Data collected at Lake Mulan aestablish Rep DNet as a well-balanced network,meeting the AUV computational constraints in terms of performance and latency.展开更多
Rabies, a viral zoonosis, is one of the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) that mainly affects poor and vulnerable populations. Human rabies is endemic in Benin. Although listed among the notifiable diseases, it never...Rabies, a viral zoonosis, is one of the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) that mainly affects poor and vulnerable populations. Human rabies is endemic in Benin. Although listed among the notifiable diseases, it nevertheless remains a neglected and under-reported disease. The objective of this study was to investigate the determinants of knowledge of rabies risk among subjects exposed to human rabies by dog bites in the Plateau department of Benin. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with an analytical aim which involved a sample of 900 people aged at least 18 years old chosen randomly and residing in the Plateau department for at least six months. A pre-tested and validated digital questionnaire served as a data collection tool. Data analysis was done with R 3.4.1 software. The prevalence ratio was used as a measure of association. The confidence threshold was set at 5%. We carried out a multiple logistic regression using the likelihood ratio (top-down approach) in order to identify the main factors which influenced the good knowledge of human rabies in the population of Plateau. Results: In the study population, 80.89% of the subjects surveyed lived in a rural area. The sex ratio (Male/Female) was 1.11. The average age of the subjects was 40.24 ± 14.52 years. The prevalence of dog bites was 4.11% (95% CI = [3.00;5.63]) or 37 subjects bitten. After evaluation of knowledge of rabies risk in the study population, the main factors which positively influenced good knowledge of human rabies were age (p linear trend 0.01), residence of the subject in the municipality of Pobè (ORa = 8.34;95% CI = 0.83 - 1.23;p < 0.01), individual dwelling (ORa = 17.95;95% CI = 13.12 - 49.58;p < 0. 01), educational level of at least secondary (ORa = 5.53;CI 95 = 3.06 - 10.15;p = 0.01), the existence of a veterinary center (ORa = 3.66;CI 95 = 1.07 - 12.43 p = 0.01) and knowledge of a dog bites victim (ORa = 6.55;95% CI = 2.73 - 8.25;p < 0.01). Conclusion: This population study confirms that human rabies remains a public health problem with a need to raise awareness among populations on good prevention practices against human rabies after a dog bite in the Plateau department. This could help to improve strategies surveillance for the control and eradication of human rabies through the implementation of the One Health approach.展开更多
Introduction: Rabies is a serious disease, as it is always fatal, but it can be prevented by sero-vaccination. It is a neglected tropical disease endemic in Asia and Africa. The aim of this study was to assess knowled...Introduction: Rabies is a serious disease, as it is always fatal, but it can be prevented by sero-vaccination. It is a neglected tropical disease endemic in Asia and Africa. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding rabies and to determine the factors associated with them among people aged 18 and over in the commune of Niakhène. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical survey of subjects aged 18 and over living in the commune of Niakhène. A sample of 300 individuals was drawn from a two-stage cluster survey stratified by age and sex. Bivariate analysis was performed using association tests. Results: The mean age of respondents was 35.3 ± 16.9 years. It was noted that 67% (201) of respondents had a good knowledge of rabies. The results showed that 7.3% (22) of respondents owned a dog. Of the 278 people who did not own a dog, 78.4% (218) said they would have vaccinated their dog if they had had one. It should be noted that 83.7% (251) of respondents said they would go to a health facility if an animal bit them. None of the dog owners had vaccinated their dogs against rabies. Of the 41 people exposed to rabies, 39% went to a health facility. The age and education of the respondents had statistically significant associations with knowledge of rabies. Respondents’ age and education were statistically significantly related to whether they had vaccinated a domestic dog. The age, education and economic well-being quintile of respondents’ households had statistically significant associations with the use of a health facility in the event of being bitten or scratched by an animal vector. The education of respondents who had been bitten by an animal vector was statistically significantly associated with the use of a health facility. Conclusion: It would be imperative for human and animal health authorities to collaborate in a “One Health” approach in order to increase knowledge and promote the adoption of good practices in rabies prevention.展开更多
Background and Objective: HIV infection is a major global Public Health threat worldwide, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa of which Benin. The level of knowledge determines the attitudes and behaviors of the populat...Background and Objective: HIV infection is a major global Public Health threat worldwide, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa of which Benin. The level of knowledge determines the attitudes and behaviors of the populations towards this infection. The study objective was to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices related to HIV infection among motorbike taxi drivers (MTD) in Parakou in 2021. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study targeting MTD in Parakou in 2021. Participants were selected by cluster sampling. Pretested Digitized questionnaire using KoboCollect<sup>@</sup> applicationserved as a data collection tool. Knowledge, attitudes and practices variable were treated on a score scale. A knowledge score was considered to reflect a good knowledge of HIV if at least two-thirds of the knowledge statements had been correctly answered provided the subject recognized the sexual route as one of modes of HIV transmission, identified at least one preventive measure and meant the incurability of the disease. Quantitative and qualitative variables were appropriately described using the EPI Info 7.1.3.3 software. The participant was classified at positive attitude/practice for HIV prevention, when it has a score of at least 80% and suggests a good preventive measure face a risk of exposure to HIV. Results: A total of 374 subjects were recruited into the study. The mean age was 31.51 ± 7.76 years. Most participants (86.06%) had good knowledge of condom use as an HIV prevention method. The sources of information mentioned were mainly the media (77.07%), relatives or friends (63.38%), and field-workers from non-governmental organizations (37.26%). Routine HIV testing was 50.53%. Among participants, 76.10% reported at least two different sexual partners. Condom use was 59.18 % during the casual sexual intercourse. Within the client-provider relationship with female sex workers, 33.17% had had sexual intercourse with them. The sexual route was the most cited (92.99%), and 90.23% stated that HIV infection can be stabilized by medication in a health structure. Conclusion: The level of knowledge of motorbike taxi drivers in Parakou does not match their behavior with regard to HIV prevention. Appropriate strategies are needed to develop prevention skills in this population. To effectively comb at HIV, it will be necessary to strengthen the targeted HIV preventive interventions at key and bridge populations including motorbike taxi drivers in Benin.展开更多
Background: Diabetic eye disease is known as a group of eye problems that diabetic patients may develop as a complication of diabetes and can lead to blindness. They may include Diabetic retinopathy (DR), Cataracts, a...Background: Diabetic eye disease is known as a group of eye problems that diabetic patients may develop as a complication of diabetes and can lead to blindness. They may include Diabetic retinopathy (DR), Cataracts, and Glaucoma. Objectives: This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) around diabetic eye disease in the general population including patients with DM and non-diabetic people in Medina City, Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving 385 participants via a self-administered online Questionnaire started in January 2023 in Medina, Saudi Arabia. Results: In total, 339 participants with ages ranged from 18 to more than 60 years with a mean age of 26.8 ± 12.6 years old completed the questionnaire. The majority were females (74.6%), singles (67.8%), and had a university level of education (54.6%). Most of the study participants were found to have poor knowledge levels (67%) in comparison to 33% who had an overall good knowledge of diabetic eye diseases. Knowledge level was found to be higher among old-aged participants and those with a family history of DM (P = 0.001, P = 0.049) respectively. Regarding participants’ attitudes and practices, the study showed good attitudes toward eye care practice for diabetics with half of the participants (50%) reporting self-awareness as a reason that made them undergo the first eye screening. Conclusion: Participants in the present study have poor knowledge and awareness level of diabetic eye disease. Furthermore, positive attitudes and perceptions have been revealed by the participants toward the practice of providing eye care for diabetics. .展开更多
The evolution of the probability density function of a stochastic dynamical system over time can be described by a Fokker–Planck–Kolmogorov(FPK) equation, the solution of which determines the distribution of macrosc...The evolution of the probability density function of a stochastic dynamical system over time can be described by a Fokker–Planck–Kolmogorov(FPK) equation, the solution of which determines the distribution of macroscopic variables in the stochastic dynamic system. Traditional methods for solving these equations often struggle with computational efficiency and scalability, particularly in high-dimensional contexts. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a novel deep learning method based on prior knowledge with dual training to solve the stationary FPK equations. Initially, the neural network is pre-trained through the prior knowledge obtained by Monte Carlo simulation(MCS). Subsequently, the second training phase incorporates the FPK differential operator into the loss function, while a supervisory term consisting of local maximum points is specifically included to mitigate the generation of zero solutions. This dual-training strategy not only expedites convergence but also enhances computational efficiency, making the method well-suited for high-dimensional systems. Numerical examples, including two different two-dimensional(2D), six-dimensional(6D), and eight-dimensional(8D) systems, are conducted to assess the efficacy of the proposed method. The results demonstrate robust performance in terms of both computational speed and accuracy for solving FPK equations in the first three systems. While the method is also applicable to high-dimensional systems, such as 8D, it should be noted that computational efficiency may be marginally compromised due to data volume constraints.展开更多
Enterprise risk management holds significant importance in fostering sustainable growth of businesses and in serving as a critical element for regulatory bodies to uphold market order.Amidst the challenges posed by in...Enterprise risk management holds significant importance in fostering sustainable growth of businesses and in serving as a critical element for regulatory bodies to uphold market order.Amidst the challenges posed by intricate and unpredictable risk factors,knowledge graph technology is effectively driving risk management,leveraging its ability to associate and infer knowledge from diverse sources.This review aims to comprehensively summarize the construction techniques of enterprise risk knowledge graphs and their prominent applications across various business scenarios.Firstly,employing bibliometric methods,the aim is to uncover the developmental trends and current research hotspots within the domain of enterprise risk knowledge graphs.In the succeeding section,systematically delineate the technical methods for knowledge extraction and fusion in the standardized construction process of enterprise risk knowledge graphs.Objectively comparing and summarizing the strengths and weaknesses of each method,we provide recommendations for addressing the existing challenges in the construction process.Subsequently,categorizing the applied research of enterprise risk knowledge graphs based on research hotspots and risk category standards,and furnishing a detailed exposition on the applicability of technical routes and methods.Finally,the future research directions that still need to be explored in enterprise risk knowledge graphs were discussed,and relevant improvement suggestions were proposed.Practitioners and researchers can gain insights into the construction of technical theories and practical guidance of enterprise risk knowledge graphs based on this foundation.展开更多
Introduction: The level of knowledge and attitude of health professionals about breast cancer are important determinants. General objective: To study the knowledge, attitude and practice of health professionals of the...Introduction: The level of knowledge and attitude of health professionals about breast cancer are important determinants. General objective: To study the knowledge, attitude and practice of health professionals of the hospital of the district of the commune IV on breast cancer. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional, prospective, descriptive, qualitative and quantitative study. The study period was from 01 October 2022 to December 2022. Results: In one week of survey, 110 health workers (intern, obstetrician nurse, general practitioners and specialists) received the survey sheet, 80 health workers informed it, a participation rate of 73%. The male sex was most represented at 63.75% with a sex ratio of 1.76. The average age was 39.59 years with extremes of 22 and 61 years. The clinical signs evoked by the participants were: breast nodule (81.25%), followed by breast discharge (48.75%). In relation to risk factors: interns and obstetrician nurses had no good knowledge, 51.72% of general practitioners had good knowledge, 43.48% of specialist doctors had good knowledge, and 5.88% of the wise had good knowledge. Conclusion: Breast cancer is a common pathology around the world, health professionals are at the forefront of the fight against breast cancer, and this fight cannot be effective without trained personnel.展开更多
Acknowledgement to reviewers for Vol.35 No.1 issue The editors of this special volume,along with the Editorial Board and Editorial Office of Advance in Polar Science,wish to express deep gratitude for the time investe...Acknowledgement to reviewers for Vol.35 No.1 issue The editors of this special volume,along with the Editorial Board and Editorial Office of Advance in Polar Science,wish to express deep gratitude for the time invested and the meticulous revisions carried out by Enrique Bostelmann(Chile),Michael Burns(USA),Rodolfo Coria(Argentina),Jun Ebersole(USA),Jürgen Kriwet(Austria),Guillermo M.López(Argentina),James Parham(USA),Juan Saad(Argentina),Leonardo Salgado(Argentina),Sergio Soto Acuña(Chile),Washington Jones(Uruguay)and seven anonymous reviewers from Argentina,China,Germany,Poland,and USA.展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62302161,62303361)the Postdoctoral Innovative Talent Support Program of China(BX20230114)。
文摘Dear Editor,This letter is concerned with visual perception closely related to heterogeneous images.Facing the huge challenge brought by different image modalities,we propose a visual perception framework based on heterogeneous image knowledge,i.e.,the domain knowledge associated with specific vision tasks,to better address the corresponding visual perception problems.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 72264036in part by the West Light Foundation of The Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant 2020-XBQNXZ-020+1 种基金Social Science Foundation of Xinjiang under Grant 2023BGL077the Research Program for High-level Talent Program of Xinjiang University of Finance and Economics 2022XGC041,2022XGC042.
文摘Purpose:This paper aims to address the limitations in existing research on the evolution of knowledge flow networks by proposing a meso-level institutional field knowledge flow network evolution model(IKM).The purpose is to simulate the construction process of a knowledge flow network using knowledge organizations as units and to investigate its effectiveness in replicating institutional field knowledge flow networks.Design/Methodology/Approach:The IKM model enhances the preferential attachment and growth observed in scale-free BA networks,while incorporating three adjustment parameters to simulate the selection of connection targets and the types of nodes involved in the network evolution process Using the PageRank algorithm to calculate the significance of nodes within the knowledge flow network.To compare its performance,the BA and DMS models are also employed for simulating the network.Pearson coefficient analysis is conducted on the simulated networks generated by the IKM,BA and DMS models,as well as on the actual network.Findings:The research findings demonstrate that the IKM model outperforms the BA and DMS models in replicating the institutional field knowledge flow network.It provides comprehensive insights into the evolution mechanism of knowledge flow networks in the scientific research realm.The model also exhibits potential applicability to other knowledge networks that involve knowledge organizations as node units.Research Limitations:This study has some limitations.Firstly,it primarily focuses on the evolution of knowledge flow networks within the field of physics,neglecting other fields.Additionally,the analysis is based on a specific set of data,which may limit the generalizability of the findings.Future research could address these limitations by exploring knowledge flow networks in diverse fields and utilizing broader datasets.Practical Implications:The proposed IKM model offers practical implications for the construction and analysis of knowledge flow networks within institutions.It provides a valuable tool for understanding and managing knowledge exchange between knowledge organizations.The model can aid in optimizing knowledge flow and enhancing collaboration within organizations.Originality/value:This research highlights the significance of meso-level studies in understanding knowledge organization and its impact on knowledge flow networks.The IKM model demonstrates its effectiveness in replicating institutional field knowledge flow networks and offers practical implications for knowledge management in institutions.Moreover,the model has the potential to be applied to other knowledge networks,which are formed by knowledge organizations as node units.
文摘In this editorial we comment on the article titled“Establishment and validation of an adherence prediction system for lifestyle interventions in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease”by Zeng et al published in a recent issue of the World Journal of Gastroenterology.Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)represents one of the current challenges in hepatology and public health,due to its continuous growing prevalence and the rising incidence of NAFLD-related fibrosis,non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and cirrhosis.The only effective therapeutic strategy for this dis-ease is represented by encouraging patients to improve their lifestyle through the modification of dietary intake and increased physical exercise,but the effective application of such modifications is often limited by various factors such as lack of information,psychological barriers or poor social support.While poor adherence to a healthy lifestyle can be decisive in determining the clinical outcome,in daily practice there is a lack of quantitative instruments aimed at identifying patients with the lowest adherence to lifestyle changes and higher risk of disease progre-ssion in the course of follow-up.In this article,Zeng et al propose a quantitative scale to assess the grade of adherence of patients with NAFLD to hea-lthy lifestyle intervention,called the Exercise and Diet Adherence Scale(EDAS).This scale,consisting of 33 items divided into 6 dimensions which relates to six subjective aspects in the self-management of NAFLD,has shown a good correlation with the identification of the sub-cohort of patients with the highest reduction in caloric intake,increase in physical exercise,probability of a reduction in liver stiffness measurement and alanine aminotransferase levels.The cor-relation among clinical outcomes and specific dimensions of this scale also highlights the pivotal role of a good and confidential doctor-patient relationship and of an effective communication.There is an urgent need for practical and effective instruments to assess the grade of self-management of NAFLD patients,together with the development of multidisciplinary teams with the aim of applying structured behavioral interventions.
文摘Background: Non-communicable diseases are increasing among adolescents. The decision about diet is the foundation of eating habits that could persist to adulthood. Dietary decisions, which usually are hard to change later in life, make nutrition education at school paramount to prevent obesity and NCDs, and promote healthy eating. Objectives: To assess level of nutrition awareness and knowledge of healthy eating and food intake behaviors and association with Body Mass Index (BMI) and age. Methods: A cross sectional study that included measures such as age, gender, socioeconomic status, BMI, and nutrition knowledge was conducted in 264 respondents from 18th June 2015 to 9th July 2015. The nutrition knowledge questionnaire was composed of 24 questions divided into food nutrients, food contents, healthiest foods, and energy expenditure and nutrition benefits. CDC BMI chart for 2-20-year-olds was used to plot respondent’s weight and height. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 14.3 years (SD 0.79). Most of the respondents (153/252, 53.6%) had a low socio-economic status as categorized by the present study. The mean (SD) BMI was 20.08 (3.90). Most respondents (56.3%, 142/252) failed the knowledge test and scored below 50% and only two respondents (0.8%) had excellent nutrition knowledge. The mean percentage achieved was 46.1% (SD 15.91) ranging from 8.3% to 87.5%. There was a significant correlation between nutrition knowledge and BMI (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The study shows that adolescents do not have adequate nutrition knowledge, placing them at risk for developing non-communicable diseases later in life. Nutrition education programs are urgently needed for teachers, parents, and children.
基金This research is supported by the Chinese Special Projects of the National Key Research and Development Plan(2019YFB1405702).
文摘The acquisition of valuable design knowledge from massive fragmentary data is challenging for designers in conceptual product design.This study proposes a novel method for acquiring design knowledge by combining deep learning with knowledge graph.Specifically,the design knowledge acquisition method utilises the knowledge extraction model to extract design-related entities and relations from fragmentary data,and further constructs the knowledge graph to support design knowledge acquisition for conceptual product design.Moreover,the knowledge extraction model introduces ALBERT to solve memory limitation and communication overhead in the entity extraction module,and uses multi-granularity information to overcome segmentation errors and polysemy ambiguity in the relation extraction module.Experimental comparison verified the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed knowledge extraction model.The case study demonstrated the feasibility of the knowledge graph construction with real fragmentary porcelain data and showed the capability to provide designers with interconnected and visualised design knowledge.
基金supported in part by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation under Grants L211020 and M21032in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants U1836106 and 62271045in part by the Scientific and Technological Innovation Foundation of Foshan under Grants BK21BF001 and BK20BF010。
文摘Knowledge graph(KG)serves as a specialized semantic network that encapsulates intricate relationships among real-world entities within a structured framework.This framework facilitates a transformation in information retrieval,transitioning it from mere string matching to far more sophisticated entity matching.In this transformative process,the advancement of artificial intelligence and intelligent information services is invigorated.Meanwhile,the role ofmachine learningmethod in the construction of KG is important,and these techniques have already achieved initial success.This article embarks on a comprehensive journey through the last strides in the field of KG via machine learning.With a profound amalgamation of cutting-edge research in machine learning,this article undertakes a systematical exploration of KG construction methods in three distinct phases:entity learning,ontology learning,and knowledge reasoning.Especially,a meticulous dissection of machine learningdriven algorithms is conducted,spotlighting their contributions to critical facets such as entity extraction,relation extraction,entity linking,and link prediction.Moreover,this article also provides an analysis of the unresolved challenges and emerging trajectories that beckon within the expansive application of machine learning-fueled,large-scale KG construction.
文摘The editors of International Journal of Ophthalmology gratefully acknowledge the members of IJO Editorial Board and reviewers from 57 countries and regions who participated in the peer-reviews and provided their valuable comments between Nov.1^(st),2022 and Oct.31^(st),2023.
文摘Objective:To determine the global level of knowledge,attitudes,and practices towards dengue fever among the general population.Methods:To complete this systematic review and meta-analysis,a thorough search for pertinent English-language literature was undertaken during the study's extension until October 2023.The search used Google Scholar,Scopus,PubMed/MEDLINE,Science Direct,Web of Science,EMBASE,Springer,and ProQuest.A quality assessment checklist developed using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for the cross-sectional study was used to evaluate the risk of bias in the included papers.Inverse variance and Cochran Q statistics were employed in the STATA software version 14 to assess study heterogeneity.When there was heterogeneity,the Dersimonian and Liard random-effects models were used.Results:59 Studies totaling 87353 participants were included in this meta-analysis.These investigations included 86278 participants in 55 studies on knowledge,20196 in 33 studies on attitudes,and 74881 in 29 studies on practices.The pooled estimates for sufficient knowledge,positive attitudes,and dengue fever preventive behaviors among the general population were determined as 40.1%(95%CI 33.8%-46.5%),46.8%(95%CI 35.8%-58.9%),and 38.3%(95%CI 28.4%-48.2%),respectively.Europe exhibits the highest knowledge level at 63.5%,and Africa shows the lowest at 20.3%.Positive attitudes are most prevalent in the Eastern Mediterranean(54.1%)and Southeast Asia(53.6%),contrasting sharply with the Americas,where attitudes are notably lower at 9.05%.Regarding preventive behaviors,the Americas demonstrate a prevalence of 12.1%,Southeast Asia at 28.1%,Western Pacific at 49.6%,Eastern Mediterranean at 44.8%,and Africa at 47.4%.Conclusions:Regional disparities about the knowledge,attitude and preventive bahaviors are evident with Europe exhibiting the highest knowledge level while Africa has the lowest.These findings emphasize the importance of targeted public health interventions tailored to regional contexts,highlighting the need for region-specific strategies to enhance dengue-related knowledge and encourage positive attitudes and preventive behaviors.
文摘Purpose: Needle-stick injury (NSI) is one of the most potential occupational hazards for healthcare workers because of the transmission of blood-borne pathogens. As per recent data, around 30 lakh healthcare workers sustain Needle stick injuries each year. This study was conducted to assess healthcare workers’ knowledge, attitude and practices regarding needle stick injury. Materials & Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a Tertiary Care Hospital over the period of 3 months. The study population consisted of Intern Doctors, Post Graduate resident Doctors, Staff Nurses, laboratory technicians of Government Medical College and New Civil Hospital, Surat (n = 300). The data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire via the means of Google Forms. Questionnaire was made with prior review literature. The data obtained were entered and analysed in Microsoft Excel. Results: The prevalence of NSI in our study was 46%, with a higher prevalence among the PG residents (72%). Overall scores regarding knowledge and attitude were better in PG residents (knowledge score > 7 in 71% and Attitude Score > 7 in 68% of PG Residents). Even though the PG residents scored highest in the knowledge category, the majority of them suffered needle stick injuries as a result of poor practice scores. Among those who had NSI (n = 139/300), 70% of study participants had superficial injuries, only 9% reported the incident, 18% got medical attention within 2 hours of the incident, and 7% followed up to recheck their viral markers status. Most incidents of NSI were due to hypodermic needles while recapping needles. Conclusion: Exposure to needle stick injuries and their underreporting remains a common problem. It is imperative that healthcare workers receive regular training on the proper handling of sharp objects. We can also draw the conclusion that preventing NSIs requires putting knowledge into practice.
文摘Objective:To assess pregnant women's knowledge,attitude,and practice regarding nutrition and medication usage,analyse the prescribing pattern,and categorize them based on the Food and Drug Administration(FDA)guidelines.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted with 264 pregnant women in the obstetrics and gynaecology department of a tertiary care hospital from October 2022 to August 2023.A knowledge,attitude,and practice(KAP)questionnaire was prepared in English language by the researchers and validated by an expert panel consisting of 12 members.The validated questionnaire was then translated into regional languages,Kannada and Malayalam.The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed with test-retest method with a representative sample population of 30 subjects(10 subjects for each language).The subjects'knowledge,attitude,and practice were evaluated using the validated KAP questionnaire.The safety of the medication was assessed using the FDA drug safety classification for pregnancy.Results:The mean scores for nutritional and medication usage knowledge,attitude,and practice were 4.14±1.15,4.50±1.09,and 3.00±1.47,respectively.Among 30 prescribed medications,3 belong to category A(no risk in human studies),8 belong to category B(no risk in animal studies),18 belong to category C(risk cannot be ruled out)and 1 drug is not classified.A significant association was observed between medication knowledge and practice(r=0.159,P=0.010).Conclusions:Most of the study population knows the need to maintain good dietary and medication practices during pregnancy.Counselling pregnant women regarding diet and medication usage is crucial in maternal care.
文摘Background: Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) remain a common cause of death, functional disability, emotional suffering and economic burden among hospitalized patients. Knowledge of HAIs is important in its prevention and control. This study seeks to assess the knowledge of Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) among medical students in a Tertiary Hospital in Jos North Local Government Area, Plateau State, Nigeria. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study done in October 2019 among clinical medical students using a Multistage sampling technique. Data was collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire and analyzed using the IBM SPSS 20 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). Ethical approval was granted by Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Ethics Committee, Jos, Plateau State. Results: A total of 219 students in the clinical arm of the College of Medicine and Health Sciences were selected. A higher proportion (97.7%) of respondents knew about Hospital Acquired Infections and 85.4% knew that Hospital Acquired infections occur in the hospital, and (86.3%) considered patients contagious with half (58.9%) considered patients as the most important source of HAIs, followed by care givers (13.2%), then doctors including medical students and interns (10.0%) and lastly nurses (8.7%). The majority of respondents (70.8%) considered Surgical Wound Infections to be the most commonly occurring HAI, followed by UTIs (69.9%), RTIs (61.2%), BSIs (37.0%) and others (0.9%). The clinical thermometer was the instrument that most commonly transmits HAIs (82.6%), then followed by stethoscope (62.1%), white coats (53.9%), and blood pressure cuff (51.1%). Most respondents knew the infectious substances, like blood (96.3%), nasal discharge (82.6%), saliva (85.3%), and faeces (79.4%) transmitted HAIs, 72.6% of the respondents said that they were aware of the recommended hand washing techniques by WHO. Conclusion: The majority of students 91.3% had good knowledge while 8.7% had poor knowledge of HAIs. Lower classes had more respondents with poor knowledge. This finding was statistically significant (p = 0.002, Chi-square 12.819). Students are encouraged to keep up the level of knowledge they have about HAIs. These students can help improve the knowledge of those whose knowledge level is low. Government and NGOs should support sponsorship for capacity-building events targeted at HAIs for healthcare workers and medical students.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFC3010803)the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52272424)+1 种基金the Key R&D Program of Hubei Province of China(Grant No.2023BCB123)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.WUT:2023IVB079)。
文摘Side-scan sonar(SSS)is now a prevalent instrument for large-scale seafloor topography measurements,deployable on an autonomous underwater vehicle(AUV)to execute fully automated underwater acoustic scanning imaging along a predetermined trajectory.However,SSS images often suffer from speckle noise caused by mutual interference between echoes,and limited AUV computational resources further hinder noise suppression.Existing approaches for SSS image processing and speckle noise reduction rely heavily on complex network structures and fail to combine the benefits of deep learning and domain knowledge.To address the problem,Rep DNet,a novel and effective despeckling convolutional neural network is proposed.Rep DNet introduces two re-parameterized blocks:the Pixel Smoothing Block(PSB)and Edge Enhancement Block(EEB),preserving edge information while attenuating speckle noise.During training,PSB and EEB manifest as double-layered multi-branch structures,integrating first-order and secondorder derivatives and smoothing functions.During inference,the branches are re-parameterized into a 3×3 convolution,enabling efficient inference without sacrificing accuracy.Rep DNet comprises three computational operations:3×3 convolution,element-wise summation and Rectified Linear Unit activation.Evaluations on benchmark datasets,a real SSS dataset and Data collected at Lake Mulan aestablish Rep DNet as a well-balanced network,meeting the AUV computational constraints in terms of performance and latency.
文摘Rabies, a viral zoonosis, is one of the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) that mainly affects poor and vulnerable populations. Human rabies is endemic in Benin. Although listed among the notifiable diseases, it nevertheless remains a neglected and under-reported disease. The objective of this study was to investigate the determinants of knowledge of rabies risk among subjects exposed to human rabies by dog bites in the Plateau department of Benin. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with an analytical aim which involved a sample of 900 people aged at least 18 years old chosen randomly and residing in the Plateau department for at least six months. A pre-tested and validated digital questionnaire served as a data collection tool. Data analysis was done with R 3.4.1 software. The prevalence ratio was used as a measure of association. The confidence threshold was set at 5%. We carried out a multiple logistic regression using the likelihood ratio (top-down approach) in order to identify the main factors which influenced the good knowledge of human rabies in the population of Plateau. Results: In the study population, 80.89% of the subjects surveyed lived in a rural area. The sex ratio (Male/Female) was 1.11. The average age of the subjects was 40.24 ± 14.52 years. The prevalence of dog bites was 4.11% (95% CI = [3.00;5.63]) or 37 subjects bitten. After evaluation of knowledge of rabies risk in the study population, the main factors which positively influenced good knowledge of human rabies were age (p linear trend 0.01), residence of the subject in the municipality of Pobè (ORa = 8.34;95% CI = 0.83 - 1.23;p < 0.01), individual dwelling (ORa = 17.95;95% CI = 13.12 - 49.58;p < 0. 01), educational level of at least secondary (ORa = 5.53;CI 95 = 3.06 - 10.15;p = 0.01), the existence of a veterinary center (ORa = 3.66;CI 95 = 1.07 - 12.43 p = 0.01) and knowledge of a dog bites victim (ORa = 6.55;95% CI = 2.73 - 8.25;p < 0.01). Conclusion: This population study confirms that human rabies remains a public health problem with a need to raise awareness among populations on good prevention practices against human rabies after a dog bite in the Plateau department. This could help to improve strategies surveillance for the control and eradication of human rabies through the implementation of the One Health approach.
文摘Introduction: Rabies is a serious disease, as it is always fatal, but it can be prevented by sero-vaccination. It is a neglected tropical disease endemic in Asia and Africa. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding rabies and to determine the factors associated with them among people aged 18 and over in the commune of Niakhène. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical survey of subjects aged 18 and over living in the commune of Niakhène. A sample of 300 individuals was drawn from a two-stage cluster survey stratified by age and sex. Bivariate analysis was performed using association tests. Results: The mean age of respondents was 35.3 ± 16.9 years. It was noted that 67% (201) of respondents had a good knowledge of rabies. The results showed that 7.3% (22) of respondents owned a dog. Of the 278 people who did not own a dog, 78.4% (218) said they would have vaccinated their dog if they had had one. It should be noted that 83.7% (251) of respondents said they would go to a health facility if an animal bit them. None of the dog owners had vaccinated their dogs against rabies. Of the 41 people exposed to rabies, 39% went to a health facility. The age and education of the respondents had statistically significant associations with knowledge of rabies. Respondents’ age and education were statistically significantly related to whether they had vaccinated a domestic dog. The age, education and economic well-being quintile of respondents’ households had statistically significant associations with the use of a health facility in the event of being bitten or scratched by an animal vector. The education of respondents who had been bitten by an animal vector was statistically significantly associated with the use of a health facility. Conclusion: It would be imperative for human and animal health authorities to collaborate in a “One Health” approach in order to increase knowledge and promote the adoption of good practices in rabies prevention.
文摘Background and Objective: HIV infection is a major global Public Health threat worldwide, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa of which Benin. The level of knowledge determines the attitudes and behaviors of the populations towards this infection. The study objective was to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices related to HIV infection among motorbike taxi drivers (MTD) in Parakou in 2021. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study targeting MTD in Parakou in 2021. Participants were selected by cluster sampling. Pretested Digitized questionnaire using KoboCollect<sup>@</sup> applicationserved as a data collection tool. Knowledge, attitudes and practices variable were treated on a score scale. A knowledge score was considered to reflect a good knowledge of HIV if at least two-thirds of the knowledge statements had been correctly answered provided the subject recognized the sexual route as one of modes of HIV transmission, identified at least one preventive measure and meant the incurability of the disease. Quantitative and qualitative variables were appropriately described using the EPI Info 7.1.3.3 software. The participant was classified at positive attitude/practice for HIV prevention, when it has a score of at least 80% and suggests a good preventive measure face a risk of exposure to HIV. Results: A total of 374 subjects were recruited into the study. The mean age was 31.51 ± 7.76 years. Most participants (86.06%) had good knowledge of condom use as an HIV prevention method. The sources of information mentioned were mainly the media (77.07%), relatives or friends (63.38%), and field-workers from non-governmental organizations (37.26%). Routine HIV testing was 50.53%. Among participants, 76.10% reported at least two different sexual partners. Condom use was 59.18 % during the casual sexual intercourse. Within the client-provider relationship with female sex workers, 33.17% had had sexual intercourse with them. The sexual route was the most cited (92.99%), and 90.23% stated that HIV infection can be stabilized by medication in a health structure. Conclusion: The level of knowledge of motorbike taxi drivers in Parakou does not match their behavior with regard to HIV prevention. Appropriate strategies are needed to develop prevention skills in this population. To effectively comb at HIV, it will be necessary to strengthen the targeted HIV preventive interventions at key and bridge populations including motorbike taxi drivers in Benin.
文摘Background: Diabetic eye disease is known as a group of eye problems that diabetic patients may develop as a complication of diabetes and can lead to blindness. They may include Diabetic retinopathy (DR), Cataracts, and Glaucoma. Objectives: This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) around diabetic eye disease in the general population including patients with DM and non-diabetic people in Medina City, Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving 385 participants via a self-administered online Questionnaire started in January 2023 in Medina, Saudi Arabia. Results: In total, 339 participants with ages ranged from 18 to more than 60 years with a mean age of 26.8 ± 12.6 years old completed the questionnaire. The majority were females (74.6%), singles (67.8%), and had a university level of education (54.6%). Most of the study participants were found to have poor knowledge levels (67%) in comparison to 33% who had an overall good knowledge of diabetic eye diseases. Knowledge level was found to be higher among old-aged participants and those with a family history of DM (P = 0.001, P = 0.049) respectively. Regarding participants’ attitudes and practices, the study showed good attitudes toward eye care practice for diabetics with half of the participants (50%) reporting self-awareness as a reason that made them undergo the first eye screening. Conclusion: Participants in the present study have poor knowledge and awareness level of diabetic eye disease. Furthermore, positive attitudes and perceptions have been revealed by the participants toward the practice of providing eye care for diabetics. .
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.12172226)。
文摘The evolution of the probability density function of a stochastic dynamical system over time can be described by a Fokker–Planck–Kolmogorov(FPK) equation, the solution of which determines the distribution of macroscopic variables in the stochastic dynamic system. Traditional methods for solving these equations often struggle with computational efficiency and scalability, particularly in high-dimensional contexts. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a novel deep learning method based on prior knowledge with dual training to solve the stationary FPK equations. Initially, the neural network is pre-trained through the prior knowledge obtained by Monte Carlo simulation(MCS). Subsequently, the second training phase incorporates the FPK differential operator into the loss function, while a supervisory term consisting of local maximum points is specifically included to mitigate the generation of zero solutions. This dual-training strategy not only expedites convergence but also enhances computational efficiency, making the method well-suited for high-dimensional systems. Numerical examples, including two different two-dimensional(2D), six-dimensional(6D), and eight-dimensional(8D) systems, are conducted to assess the efficacy of the proposed method. The results demonstrate robust performance in terms of both computational speed and accuracy for solving FPK equations in the first three systems. While the method is also applicable to high-dimensional systems, such as 8D, it should be noted that computational efficiency may be marginally compromised due to data volume constraints.
基金supported by the Shandong Province Science and Technology Project(2023TSGC0509,2022TSGC2234)Qingdao Science and Technology Plan Project(23-1-5-yqpy-2-qy).
文摘Enterprise risk management holds significant importance in fostering sustainable growth of businesses and in serving as a critical element for regulatory bodies to uphold market order.Amidst the challenges posed by intricate and unpredictable risk factors,knowledge graph technology is effectively driving risk management,leveraging its ability to associate and infer knowledge from diverse sources.This review aims to comprehensively summarize the construction techniques of enterprise risk knowledge graphs and their prominent applications across various business scenarios.Firstly,employing bibliometric methods,the aim is to uncover the developmental trends and current research hotspots within the domain of enterprise risk knowledge graphs.In the succeeding section,systematically delineate the technical methods for knowledge extraction and fusion in the standardized construction process of enterprise risk knowledge graphs.Objectively comparing and summarizing the strengths and weaknesses of each method,we provide recommendations for addressing the existing challenges in the construction process.Subsequently,categorizing the applied research of enterprise risk knowledge graphs based on research hotspots and risk category standards,and furnishing a detailed exposition on the applicability of technical routes and methods.Finally,the future research directions that still need to be explored in enterprise risk knowledge graphs were discussed,and relevant improvement suggestions were proposed.Practitioners and researchers can gain insights into the construction of technical theories and practical guidance of enterprise risk knowledge graphs based on this foundation.
文摘Introduction: The level of knowledge and attitude of health professionals about breast cancer are important determinants. General objective: To study the knowledge, attitude and practice of health professionals of the hospital of the district of the commune IV on breast cancer. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional, prospective, descriptive, qualitative and quantitative study. The study period was from 01 October 2022 to December 2022. Results: In one week of survey, 110 health workers (intern, obstetrician nurse, general practitioners and specialists) received the survey sheet, 80 health workers informed it, a participation rate of 73%. The male sex was most represented at 63.75% with a sex ratio of 1.76. The average age was 39.59 years with extremes of 22 and 61 years. The clinical signs evoked by the participants were: breast nodule (81.25%), followed by breast discharge (48.75%). In relation to risk factors: interns and obstetrician nurses had no good knowledge, 51.72% of general practitioners had good knowledge, 43.48% of specialist doctors had good knowledge, and 5.88% of the wise had good knowledge. Conclusion: Breast cancer is a common pathology around the world, health professionals are at the forefront of the fight against breast cancer, and this fight cannot be effective without trained personnel.
文摘Acknowledgement to reviewers for Vol.35 No.1 issue The editors of this special volume,along with the Editorial Board and Editorial Office of Advance in Polar Science,wish to express deep gratitude for the time invested and the meticulous revisions carried out by Enrique Bostelmann(Chile),Michael Burns(USA),Rodolfo Coria(Argentina),Jun Ebersole(USA),Jürgen Kriwet(Austria),Guillermo M.López(Argentina),James Parham(USA),Juan Saad(Argentina),Leonardo Salgado(Argentina),Sergio Soto Acuña(Chile),Washington Jones(Uruguay)and seven anonymous reviewers from Argentina,China,Germany,Poland,and USA.