Research on Simulation Methods of Electric Field Intensity on Surface of 10 kV Cable Joint

The electric field intensity (EFI) is important characteristic quantity for evaluating the internal insulation state of cable joints. Based on finite element method, this paper proposes two EFI research methods, field-circuit coupling method and equivalent circuit method. The average EFI of the inner surface of the outer semi-conducting shield can be calculated from the current in the measuring circuit. The relative error between these two methods is about 15%, which roughly proves the consistency of the two methods. Further practical application research enables online monitoring of cable joints.

Analysis of the Superconducting Cable Transposition in Low Resistance CICC Joint

In an integrated structure low resistance CICC joint, current is conducted by outer cable strands coming into touch with the conductive Cu sole. So it is an important condition for satisfying joint performance that each strand of the cable inside the joint is able to come to the outermost by transposition. This paper presents analysis, calculation and figures for the strand transposition. According to the twist procedures of the superconducting cable, the author computed the actual pitch of each stage cable, consecutively computed the projection of each stage cable on the axis of the cable (z axis) and the corresponding twist angle as the z coordinate changes, which is then drawn by AutoCAD. From the results shown in the figures, the minimal cable length, which enables each strand to transpose almost equally to the outermost of the cable in such a length, call be determined as the optimal joint length.

Nonlinear Switching Transient Field Simulation of Cable Joint without Residual Charge

The analysis of the impulse voltage on the internal electric field of the cable joint plays a key role in studying the breakdown of the joint. Based on the finite element method, a three-dimensional electromagnetic field simulation model of the cable joint is established in this paper. Simulation results show that the voltage at the head of the cable joint reaches about twice the impulse voltage. The increase of the conductivity of semi-conductive material also leads to the increase of electric field intensity. Then, several points and curves at different positions are selected for further analysis in this paper. Among them, the electric field distortion at the edge of the high voltage shield is the most serious and the electric field in the air gap is the least.

Statistical Characteristics of Partial Discharge Caused by Typical Defects in Cable Joint under Oscillating Voltage

The oscillating voltage test is a nondestructive detection method for partial discharge of XLPE （cross linked polyethylene） cable and has been applied recently. This paper made three kinds of varying severity artificial defect models of cable joints in 10 kV XLPE cable. Oscillating voltage is applied to the model, by use of pulse current method to detect partial discharge signals. In order to study the statistical characteristics of partial discharge of cable joint under the oscillating voltage, three-dimensional statistical map has been made. The results show that for the same kind of defects, with the increases of the defect severity, the discharge interval extended, the magnitude and the number of partial discharge increase, for different kinds of defects, obvious differences exist among the maps, this may established a foundation for the further study of the partial discharge pattern recognition of XLPE cable under oscillating voltage.

Numerical Modeling of a Spar Platform Tethered by a Mooring Cable

Virtual simulation is an economical and efficient method in mechanical system design. Numerical modeling of a spar platform, tethered by a mooring cable with a spherical joint is developed for the dynamic simulation of the floating structure in ocean. The geometry modeling of the spar is created using finite element methods. The submerged part of the spar bears the buoyancy, hydrodynamic drag force, and effect of the added mass and Froude-Krylov force. Strip theory is used to sum up the forces acting on the elements. The geometry modeling of the cable is established based on the lumped-mass-and-spring modeling through which the cable is divided into 10 elements. A new element-fixed local frame is used, which is created by the element orientation vector and relative velocity of the fluid, to express the loads acting on the cable. The bottom of the cable is fixed on the seabed by spring forces, while the top of the cable is connected to the bottom of the spar platform by a modified spherical joint. This system suffers the propagating wave and current in the X-direction and the linear wave theory is applied for setting of the propagating wave. Based on the numerical modeling, the displacement-load relationships are analyzed, and the simulation results of the numerical modeling are compared with those by the commercial simulation code, Proteus DS. The comparison indicates that the numerical modeling of the spar platform tethered by a mooring cable is well developed, which provides an instruction for the optimization of a floating structure tethered by a mooring cable system.

Test analysis of stress characteristics on reinforcing rock slope with group anchorage cable

To research the reinforcement effect of a rock slope with group anchorage cables and the stress characteristics of pre-stressed anchorage cables in the fractured surface, the rock slope calculated model of a wedge block within the double-slide face was established by using the finite difference software according to the actual slope project combined with indoor model test. The pre-stress loss rule of the anchorage cable and the distribution of axial force and the force-transferring mechanism of the anchorage cable were analyzed during simulation. Also, based on the displacement contour and the safety factor of the calculated results, the quantitative analysis for the reinforcement ef- fect of the rock slope with group pre-stressed anchorage cable was discovered. The results computed by the software conform with the data in the experiment, which can prove the effectiveness and correctness of parameter selection and model building. Keywords group anchorage reinforcement, rock slope, joint fissure, pre-stressed anchorage cable, stress characteristics

Cable-pin系统和克氏针张力带治疗尺骨鹰嘴骨折临床分析

目的探讨尺骨鹰嘴骨折治疗中Cable-pin系统和克氏针张力带(tension band wiring,TBW)两种内固定方法的临床效果。方法尺骨鹰嘴骨折病人36例,根据所使用内固定种类的不同分为Cable-pin系统治疗的Cable-pin组(19例)和克氏针张力带治疗的TBW组(17例),对每组病人术中情况、远期效果及并发症发生率等情况进行比较。结果所有病人均获随访,随访时间12~25个月,平均(13.00±4.68)个月。Cable-pin组在骨折愈合时间、术后优良率及并发症发生率分别为(12.2±2.3)周、78.9%和10.5%,TBW组分别为(16.0±2.2)周,58.8%和,35.3%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Cable-pin组在手术出血量、术中耗时分别为(66.4±11.0)ml和1.5±0.6)小时,TBW组分别为(71.6±9.8)ml和(1.6±0.5)小时,两组比较比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论治疗尺骨鹰嘴骨折时,Cable-pin系统利于骨折愈合,固定可靠及并发率低。

基于LSTM的高压输电电缆接头异常预警系统设计

高压输电电缆接头异常预警容易受到谐波电流影响,导致预警效果不佳,为此设计了基于LSTM的高压输电电缆接头异常预警系统。检测高压输电电缆接头异常电流谐波,获取电缆接头介质状态。设计CC2430微处理器预警模块,负责处理预警区域内电流数据。构建接地线电流检测模块,负责评估电缆接头异常。构建LSTM神经网络预警模型,对比分析实时状态与模型中检测点状态,获取当前电缆接头状态的预测值。采用移动平均技术分析电流数据的整体变化走向,判断电流预测数据与阈值关系,根据系统指示灯颜色区分异常等级。由实验结果可知,该系统电流数值最大值为125 A,变化曲线与实际曲线一致,说明该系统的预警效果较好。

斜拉桥非对称V形钢塔-混凝土基座结合部构造设计优化

某空间异型斜拉桥主塔钢柱与斜撑在底部形成非对称V形结构,钢构件轴线严重偏离下部混凝土基座顶面垂线,给结合部构造设计带来困难。目的 为了确定所采用构造方案中的众多参数,缓解塔柱到基座的刚度陡变,降低结合部各部件的应力最大值,方法 基于精细化非线性有限元模拟,通过改变参数取值,对多种典型工况下各部件的应力进行分析、对比、验算,对于锚杆设置这一参数的影响,还研究了承压板与混凝土基座之间的界面应力。结果 研究结果表明:张拉1~4号索的施工极端工况和平面内外弯矩绝对值相加最大的使用工况最为关键,基座混凝土主拉应力常起控制作用,塔根应力比较接近规范限值;加厚承压板、适当提高混凝土强度有利于控制锚箱钢板和基座混凝土应力;原方案锚箱中部纵横向钢板作用很小;锚杆布置位置合理远比数量重要,弯矩作用下受拉侧施加预应力能够起到有益作用。结论 最终优化方案大量减少了锚箱钢板块数和锚杆根数,预应力分布也更合理。研究结果兼顾安全、适用和经济,对相关工程具有借鉴意义。

NPR锚索对白云岩矿失稳边坡控制效应研究

节理裂隙是露天矿开采中边坡失稳的主要影响因素,因此,研究节理裂隙有利于解决矿区边坡开采的安全性问题。以北京黄峪口白云岩矿失稳边坡为工程地质背景,采用现场调查(测线法和赤平极射投影法)、NPR锚索数值模拟和现场监测方法,以NPR锚索主动支护思想为核心对其进行了试验研究。研究表明:①黄峪口白云岩矿边坡岩层基本呈水平状或与边坡走向方向一致,边坡体结构破碎,节理裂隙发育,存在软弱夹层和多条滑带,边坡有严重失稳的趋势。②NPR锚索入射角为20°时达到边坡最佳支护效果,边坡位移约2.55 cm,说明NPR锚索对破碎边坡起到较大的抗滑作用。③根据现场监测得出NPR锚索的锚索轴力可达300 kN左右,支护后的边坡较稳定。研究反映出,NPR锚索对节理裂隙发育的边坡控制效果较好,可为类似露天矿边坡治理提供参考。

斜拉桥V形钢塔-混凝土基座结合构造方式比选

某人行景观桥为空间异型钢塔斜拉桥,主塔中2根箱型钢柱在四棱台混凝土基座上方交汇呈非对称V形,钢柱轴线与其底端钢-混连接面不垂直,基座尺寸严格受制于河道防洪要求,使塔根-基座结合部构造方式设计具有挑战性。按照造价相当的标准初步拟定3种结合方案,采用ABAQUS软件分别建立相应的有限元模型,选取塔底支座反力中平面内外弯矩绝对值相加最大的组合进行模拟计算及其结果比较和对标检验。研究结果表明:承压-传剪组合式结合部可以大幅度减小桥塔根部、基座及其中锚箱的应力,使其合理满足相关规范要求。就塔根最大位移和应力幅而言,均为传剪式最大、组合式最小。组合式方案中承压板厚度较承压式减小1/3,应力虽有上升却未超限,材料利用率提高。承压式、特别是传剪式构造方案中,混凝土基座最大主拉应力远超规范限值,无法满足抗裂要求。传剪式方案中锚箱钢板Mises应力也超限22%,且与其竖向压应力和混凝土主拉应力的最大值处于同一位置。传剪式方案不适用的原因是,锚箱中侧面竖板间距太小,矩形板与柱壁连接屈从于不利构造特点,形成大转折。无论应力大小还是变形控制,组合式方案都值得优先选择。研究成果直接服务于本工程,对类似工程也有一定的参考价值。

带悬臂的张弦梁拉索-支座节点力学性能研究

为得到带悬臂的张弦梁拉索-支座复杂节点在不同工况下的力学性能变化规律,以及在设计荷载组合下的破坏模式,结合某大跨度张弦梁实际工程,通过建立多尺度有限元模型以及现场试验的方法研究了该节点在张拉过程中的应力、应变分布特征;通过局部节点有限元分析得到了节点的极限承载能力及破坏模式;并针对其受力特征对节点构造及壁厚进行优化。结果表明在施工及使用阶段,该节点应力均处于弹性范围内,满足力学性能要求;节点的破坏荷载约为设计荷载组合的3.2倍,破坏模式为耳板上拉索孔区域受拉破坏;优化后节点的应力分布更加均匀且合理,承载能力提高。

计及硅橡胶应力松弛的电缆接头界面压力演变仿真研究

高压电缆中间接头的电气性能与其硅橡胶-交联聚乙烯界面压力的大小密切相关。为探究实际电缆接头界面压力的演变规律,开展了考虑老化过程中硅橡胶应力松弛现象的220 kV电缆中间接头界面压力仿真研究。首先综合电缆接头处物理场特点建立有限元模型,确定了电缆中间接头硅橡胶-交联聚乙烯界面的初始压力分布情况;其次通过力学理论计算的解析解以及预置压力传感器的实测结果对有限元分析结果进行验证;之后结合硅橡胶的热机械老化实验结果,提出一种将老化过程中硅橡胶应力松弛转化为过盈量变化的方法,得到了考虑老化过程中应力松弛与弹性模量变化的多参量有限元分析方法,并成功应用于电缆中间接头绝缘硅橡胶-交联聚乙烯界面压力的分析。分析认为,硅橡胶的老化同时导致应力松弛和弹性模量增大。综合考虑弹性模量和应力松弛的仿真结果表明:对中间接头硅橡胶在100℃、125℃、150℃下分别经过2040 h、1680 h、1200 h热机械老化后,界面压力从0.156 MPa分别下降到0.129 MPa、0.125 MPa、0.107 MPa。这说明应力松弛对于界面压力的影响更显著,界面压力随着老化时间的增加而下降,同时温度升高会显著加快中间接头界面压力的衰减过程。该文研究结果可为提升电缆中间接头设计与运行可靠性提供理论依据。

热老化下涂覆硅脂对110 kV电缆终端接头界面电-热-力场的影响

为了研究热老化条件下高压电缆终端接头内涂覆硅脂对交联聚乙烯绝缘/硅橡胶绝缘复合界面多物理场分布的影响,采用COMSOL Multiphysics软件建立了110 kV电缆终端接头电-热-力多物理场模型,仿真分析了热老化下涂覆硅脂前后复合界面电场、温度场以及应力场的分布。结果表明:界面涂覆硅脂后,增加了界面的密封性,使界面电场畸变程度减小,界面温升略微下降,但界面应力呈现不均匀分布。老化后,硅脂对硅橡胶的溶胀造成硅橡胶相对介电常数升高,界面电荷密度增大,电场强度进一步增大。温度升高加剧了硅脂对硅橡胶的渗透,使硅橡胶材料热导率降低,界面温度较老化前升高。老化后,涂覆硅脂的硅橡胶弹性模量大幅降低,界面应力进一步减小。

配电电缆中受潮接头的阻抗特性及其检测方法研究

电缆接头是电力电缆中最脆弱的部位,接头受潮是中压交联电缆的常见缺陷,如果未能及时得到修复,将导致电缆过早失效。文章围绕中间接头受潮后的阻抗特性及其检测方法开展研究,阐述了波在电缆中传播的折反射现象,以时域反射法的理论知识为基础,在CST(computer simulation technology)Studio Suite中建立了10 kV冷缩式中间接头的三维单芯模型,对中间接头不同程度进水情况下的阻抗特性和反射波形进行研究;在实验室10 kV交联聚乙烯电缆中间部位的电缆接头上制作进水缺陷,分别进行电缆接头S参数测量和时域脉冲反射实验。最后,分析和比较了电缆受潮接头的阻抗特性仿真和实验结果,证明了使用时域脉冲反射技术对受潮电缆中间接头进行受潮诊断的可行性和有效性。

高压电缆接头防爆保护装置的泄能孔优化设计方法

金属型高压防爆保护装置的泄能孔设计是实现其防爆功能的关键。本文提出了金属型高压电缆接头防爆保护装置泄能孔的设计原则和优化方法;通过热源等效和基于多物理场耦合的有限元计算方法,对保护装置内部发生短路电弧的爆炸时装置内部冲击过程进行仿真计算,并通过燃弧试验验证了仿真方法的准确性和可靠性。通过仿真计算出封闭设备泄压面积计算公式的关键参数,得到泄能孔开口尺寸的阈值;仿真了装置内部短路电弧爆炸时最大气压出现时刻以及该时刻下不同泄能孔尺寸所对应的保护装置内壁上的压强分布,得到保护装置内部最大压强与泄能孔开口尺寸的函数关系,进而得到保护装置的泄能孔最优开口尺寸。以35 kV电压等级为例,计算得到金属型保护装置的泄能孔尺寸为60 mm。该优化设计方法可为35 kV及以上电压等级的高压电缆接头保护装置的泄能孔设计和制造提供理论基础和设计方法。

接头电阻对CORC电缆交流损耗的影响分析

采用第二代高温超导(HTS)带材绕制的CORC电缆具有载流能力高、力学性能好等优点,是制造核聚变磁体的理想电缆之一。然而,当由CORC电缆制造的核聚变磁体闭环运行时,现有的工艺很难保证每根CORC电缆的超导带材的接头电阻完全相同,这会对CORC电缆的交流损耗等电气特性产生重要影响。因此,该文搭建了含接头电阻的CORC电缆的三维有限元模型,分析了接头电阻对CORC电缆交流损耗的影响。结果表明,当CORC电缆传输交流电流时,不均匀的接头电阻将导致CORC电缆三根超导带的电流分布不均匀,进而增加了电缆的总体交流损耗。此外,得到了CORC电缆的交流损耗总是随着接头电阻不均匀程度的增加而增大的分析结果。

超大跨度张弦结构多索索夹偏心节点设计及有限元分析

对于超大跨度张弦结构,其撑杆下端的索夹节点是影响张弦结构成型的关键因素。由于外圈环向索的受力较大,超大直径拉索的捻制成型工艺尚未成熟,外圈环向索需采取并排多索的形式才能满足其受力要求,索夹节点相连构件数量多且受力大。基于贵阳奥林匹克体育中心(二期)主体育馆项目大跨度弦支穹顶结构,分析多索索夹节点的设计重难点,通过综合对比多种索槽布置方式,提出适用于超大跨度张弦结构的多索索夹偏心节点,并对该偏心节点进行整体受力和节点有限元分析。结果表明,多索索夹偏心节点对结构索力分布影响较小;该偏心节点设计符合计算假定,具有较高的承载力和抗滑移能力,有效解决了多索索夹节点连接、索夹安装及拉索更换等问题。

基于有限元法的谐波作用对电缆及其接头的影响研究

现有关于电缆及其接头温度的研究大多按照基波情况考虑,大量非线性负载的使用使输电线路中的谐波含量显著增加,谐波对电缆及其接头附加损耗与温升的影响不容忽视。文中以64/110 kV单芯电缆及预制式电缆接头为例,建立了电缆及其接头的有限元仿真模型,基于电磁-热耦合法,分析了谐波含量与谐波次数对电缆及其接头的影响,并引入等效电流因数,实现多次谐波共存环境下对电缆发热损耗及温度的快速计算。仿真结果表明:谐波含量与谐波次数均会影响电缆的损耗及温度,谐波可能导致电缆接头在压接钳处形成过热点,加速绝缘老化;引入等效电流因数法在估算多次谐波共存环境下的电缆温度具有较高精度。该研究对谐波环境下电缆及其接头的设计、运行温度预测及热老化寿命评估提供了依据。

10 kV电缆中间接头受潮XLPE-SiR绝缘界面放电演化分析

10 kV电缆中间接头交联聚乙烯硅橡胶(XLPE-SiR)绝缘界面在受潮条件下的放电行为严重影响配电网的可靠性,鉴于对绝缘界面放电行为的发展和特征研究较少,分析在受潮条件下10 kV电缆中间接头XLPE-SiR绝缘界面的放电行为,从仿真和试验2个方面验证XLPE-SiR绝缘界面的击穿过程。结果表明:在水分的作用下,XLPE-SiR绝缘界面会出现局部放电,并逐步演变为电弧放电。放电会产生2个影响:一方面引起绝缘材料的热解,形成电痕;另一方面,放电产生的热量导致水蒸发,有效地阻止了绝缘界面处放电的继续。随后,在存在电痕的情况下,进一步研究XLPE-SiR绝缘界面的放电行为。结果表明,当XLPE-SiR绝缘界面存在电痕时,水分的存在会迅速导致绝缘界面击穿。10 kV电缆中间接头绝缘界面受潮直接决定了其绝缘界面放电—短路故障的发展过程,因此在实际电缆中间接头的生产及施工工艺中需要加强防水管控。