Application of Self-Organizing Feature Map Neural Network Based on K-means Clustering in Network Intrusion Detection

Due to the widespread use of the Internet,customer information is vulnerable to computer systems attack,which brings urgent need for the intrusion detection technology.Recently,network intrusion detection has been one of the most important technologies in network security detection.The accuracy of network intrusion detection has reached higher accuracy so far.However,these methods have very low efficiency in network intrusion detection,even the most popular SOM neural network method.In this paper,an efficient and fast network intrusion detection method was proposed.Firstly,the fundamental of the two different methods are introduced respectively.Then,the selforganizing feature map neural network based on K-means clustering(KSOM)algorithms was presented to improve the efficiency of network intrusion detection.Finally,the NSLKDD is used as network intrusion data set to demonstrate that the KSOM method can significantly reduce the number of clustering iteration than SOM method without substantially affecting the clustering results and the accuracy is much higher than Kmeans method.The Experimental results show that our method can relatively improve the accuracy of network intrusion and significantly reduce the number of clustering iteration.

English-Chinese Neural Machine Translation Based on Self-organizing Mapping Neural Network and Deep Feature Matching

The traditional Chinese-English translation model tends to translate some source words repeatedly,while mistakenly ignoring some words.Therefore,we propose a novel English-Chinese neural machine translation based on self-organizing mapping neural network and deep feature matching.In this model,word vector,two-way LSTM,2D neural network and other deep learning models are used to extract the semantic matching features of question-answer pairs.Self-organizing mapping(SOM)is used to classify and identify the sentence feature.The attention mechanism-based neural machine translation model is taken as the baseline system.The experimental results show that this framework significantly improves the adequacy of English-Chinese machine translation and achieves better results than the traditional attention mechanism-based English-Chinese machine translation model.

Waterlogging risk assessment based on self-organizing map(SOM)artificial neural networks:a case study of an urban storm in Beijing

Due to rapid urbanization, waterlogging induced by torrential rainfall has become a global concern and a potential risk affecting urban habitant's safety. Widespread waterlogging disasters haveoccurred almost annuallyinthe urban area of Beijing, the capital of China. Based on a selforganizing map(SOM) artificial neural network(ANN), a graded waterlogging risk assessment was conducted on 56 low-lying points in Beijing, China. Social risk factors, such as Gross domestic product(GDP), population density, and traffic congestion, were utilized as input datasets in this study. The results indicate that SOM-ANNis suitable for automatically and quantitatively assessing risks associated with waterlogging. The greatest advantage of SOM-ANN in the assessment of waterlogging risk is that a priori knowledge about classification categories and assessment indicator weights is not needed. As a result, SOM-ANN can effectively overcome interference from subjective factors,producing classification results that are more objective and accurate. In this paper, the risk level of waterlogging in Beijing was divided into five grades. The points that were assigned risk grades of IV or Vwere located mainly in the districts of Chaoyang, Haidian, Xicheng, and Dongcheng.

Enhanced Self-Organizing Map Neural Network for DNA Sequence Classification

The artificial neural networks (ANNs), among different soft computing methodologies are widely used to meet the challenges thrown by the main objectives of data mining classification techniques, due to their robust, powerful, distributed, fault tolerant computing and capability to learn in a data-rich environment. ANNs has been used in several fields, showing high performance as classifiers. The problem of dealing with non numerical data is one major obstacle prevents using them with various data sets and several domains. Another problem is their complex structure and how hands to interprets. Self-Organizing Map (SOM) is type of neural systems that can be easily interpreted, but still can’t be used with non numerical data directly. This paper presents an enhanced SOM structure to cope with non numerical data. It used DNA sequences as the training dataset. Results show very good performance compared to other classifiers. For better evaluation both micro-array structure and their sequential representation as proteins were targeted as dataset accuracy is measured accordingly.

3D Ice Shape Description Method Based on BLSOM Neural Network

When checking the ice shape calculation software,its accuracy is judged based on the proximity between the calculated ice shape and the typical test ice shape.Therefore,determining the typical test ice shape becomes the key task of the icing wind tunnel tests.In the icing wind tunnel test of the tail wing model of a large amphibious aircraft,in order to obtain accurate typical test ice shape,the Romer Absolute Scanner is used to obtain the 3D point cloud data of the ice shape on the tail wing model.Then,the batch-learning self-organizing map(BLSOM)neural network is used to obtain the 2D average ice shape along the model direction based on the 3D point cloud data of the ice shape,while its tolerance band is calculated using the probabilistic statistical method.The results show that the combination of 2D average ice shape and its tolerance band can represent the 3D characteristics of the test ice shape effectively,which can be used as the typical test ice shape for comparative analysis with the calculated ice shape.

基于自组织特征映射模型(SOFM)网络的中国自然资源生态安全区划

自然资源生态安全是国家安全的重要组成部分,自然资源生态安全区划对保障区域可持续发展提供了重要途径。基于自然资源数据、生态环境数据和相关区划资料,从生态敏感性与生态服务重要性角度构建了自然资源生态安全评价指标体系,进而揭示了中国自然资源生态安全的空间格局;通过建立区划的原则和指标,按照一级区主要反映自然资源空间分布格局,二级区主要揭示自然资源生态安全水平的差异,采用SOFM网络制订了中国自然资源生态安全区划方案。结果显示:(1)中国自然资源生态安全水平整体偏低,以中警与重警状态区域为主,安全和较安全状态的区域仅占24.22%,其中低安全等级区多分布于400mm等降水量线以西的干旱、半干旱区,高安全等级区则集中分布于水热资源与生物资源较为丰富的东南部地区;(2)中国自然资源生态安全区划方案包括8个一级区与27个二级区,总结归纳各大区自然资源的特征和威胁生态安全的问题,并针对二级区自然资源生态安全状况提出了对策建议。研究结果可为分区、分类推进全国自然资源可持续利用和国土空间优化提供理论支持与决策依据。

Fast and Accurate Machine Learning Inverse Lithography Using Physics Based Feature Maps and Specially Designed DCNN

Inverse lithography technology(ILT)is intended to achieve optimal mask design to print a lithography target for a given lithography process.Full chip implementation of rigorous inverse lithography remains a challenging task because of enormous computational resource requirements and long computational time.To achieve full chip ILT solution,attempts have been made by using machine learning techniques based on deep convolution neural network(DCNN).The reported input for such DCNN is the rasterized images of the lithography target;such pure geometrical input requires DCNN to possess considerable number of layers to learn the optical properties of the mask,the nonlinear imaging process,and the rigorous ILT algorithm as well.To alleviate the difficulties,we have proposed the physics based optimal feature vector design for machine learning ILT in our early report.Although physics based feature vector followed by feedforward neural network can provide the solution to machine learning ILT,the feature vector is long and it can consume considerable amount of memory resource in practical implementation.To improve the resource efficiency,we proposed a hybrid approach in this study by combining first few physics based feature maps with a specially designed DCNN structure to learn the rigorous ILT algorithm.Our results show that this approach can make machine learning ILT easy,fast and more accurate.

Self-organizing feature map neural network classification of the ASTER data based on wavelet fusion

Most methods for classification of remote sensing data are based on the statistical parameter evaluation with the assumption that the samples obey the normal distribution. How-ever, more accurate classification results can be obtained with the neural network method through getting knowledge from environments and adjusting the parameter (or weight) step by step by a specific measurement. This paper focuses on the double-layer structured Kohonen self-organizing feature map (SOFM), for which all neurons within the two layers are linked one another and those of the competition layers are linked as well along the sides. Therefore, the self-adapting learning ability is improved due to the effective competition and suppression in this method. The SOFM has become a hot topic in the research area of remote sensing data classi-fication. The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflectance Radiometer (ASTER) is a new satellite-borne remote sensing instrument with three 15-m resolution bands and three 30-m resolution bands at the near infrared. The ASTER data of Dagang district, Tianjin Munici-pality is used as the test data in this study. At first, the wavelet fusion is carried out to make the spatial resolutions of the ASTER data identical; then, the SOFM method is applied to classifying the land cover types. The classification results are compared with those of the maximum likeli-hood method (MLH). As a consequence, the classification accuracy of SOFM increases about by 7% in general and, in particular, it is almost as twice as that of the MLH method in the town.

Morphological self-organizing feature map neural network with applications to automatic target recognition

The rotation invariant feature of the target is obtained using the multi-direction feature extraction property of the steerable filter. Combining the morphological operation top-hat transform with the self-organizing feature map neural network, the adaptive topological region is selected. Using the erosion operation, the topological region shrinkage is achieved. The steerable filter based morphological self-organizing feature map neural network is applied to automatic target recognition of binary standard patterns and real world infrared sequence images. Compared with Hamming network and morphological shared-weight networks respectively, the higher recognition correct rate, robust adaptability, quick training, and better generalization of the proposed method are achieved.

An Emotion Analysis Method Using Multi-Channel Convolution Neural Network in Social Networks

As an interdisciplinary comprehensive subject involving multidisciplinary knowledge,emotional analysis has become a hot topic in psychology,health medicine and computer science.It has a high comprehensive and practical application value.Emotion research based on the social network is a relatively new topic in the field of psychology and medical health research.The text emotion analysis of college students also has an important research significance for the emotional state of students at a certain time or a certain period,so as to understand their normal state,abnormal state and the reason of state change from the information they wrote.In view of the fact that convolutional neural network cannot make full use of the unique emotional information in sentences,and the need to label a large number of highquality training sets for emotional analysis to improve the accuracy of the model,an emotional analysismodel using the emotional dictionary andmultichannel convolutional neural network is proposed in this paper.Firstly,the input matrix of emotion dictionary is constructed according to the emotion information,and the different feature information of sentences is combined to form different network input channels,so that the model can learn the emotion information of input sentences from various feature representations in the training process.Then,the loss function is reconstructed to realize the semi supervised learning of the network.Finally,experiments are carried on COAE 2014 and self-built data sets.The proposed model can not only extract more semantic information in emotional text,but also learn the hidden emotional information in emotional text.The experimental results show that the proposed emotion analysis model can achieve a better classification performance.Compared with the best benchmark model gram-CNN,the F1 value can be increased by 0.026 in the self-built data set,and it can be increased by 0.032 in the COAE 2014 data set.

An improved de-interleaving algorithm of radar pulses based on SOFM with self-adaptive network topology

As a core part of the electronic warfare(EW) system,de-interleaving is used to separate interleaved radar signals. As interleaved radar pulses become more complex and denser, intelligent classification of radar signals has become very important. The self-organizing feature map(SOFM) is an excellent artificial neural network, which has huge advantages in intelligent classification of complex data. However, the de-interleaving process based on SOFM is faced with the problems that the initialization of the map size relies on prior information and the network topology cannot be adaptively adjusted. In this paper, an SOFM with self-adaptive network topology(SANT-SOFM) algorithm is proposed to solve the above problems. The SANT-SOFM algorithm first proposes an adaptive proliferation algorithm to adjust the map size, so that the initialization of the map size is no longer dependent on prior information but is gradually adjusted with the input data. Then,structural optimization algorithms are proposed to gradually optimize the topology of the SOFM network in the iterative process,constructing an optimal SANT. Finally, the optimized SOFM network is used for de-interleaving radar signals. Simulation results show that SANT-SOFM could get excellent performance in complex EW environments and the probability of getting the optimal map size is over 95% in the absence of priori information.

A NOVEL INTRUSION DETECTION MODE BASED ON UNDERSTANDABLE NEURAL NETWORK TREES

Several data mining techniques such as Hidden Markov Model (HMM), artificial neural network, statistical techniques and expert systems are used to model network packets in the field of intrusion detection. In this paper a novel intrusion detection mode based on understandable Neural Network Tree (NNTree) is pre-sented. NNTree is a modular neural network with the overall structure being a Decision Tree (DT), and each non-terminal node being an Expert Neural Network (ENN). One crucial advantage of using NNTrees is that they keep the non-symbolic model ENN’s capability of learning in changing environments. Another potential advantage of using NNTrees is that they are actually “gray boxes” as they can be interpreted easily if the num-ber of inputs for each ENN is limited. We showed through experiments that the trained NNTree achieved a simple ENN at each non-terminal node as well as a satisfying recognition rate of the network packets dataset. We also compared the performance with that of a three-layer backpropagation neural network. Experimental results indicated that the NNTree based intrusion detection model achieved better performance than the neural network based intrusion detection model.

基于SOFM方法的安徽省矿产资源开发主体功能区划研究

文章选择安徽省主要的矿产资源分布区,构建矿产资源开发功能区划指标体系,并通过自组织特征映射(self-organizing feature map,SOFM)网络方法对指标数据进行聚类,根据各聚类结果的区域特征,对安徽省矿产资源开发功能区进行研究。结果表明:安徽省矿产资源分布显著集中,矿产资源富集区主要分布在皖江及皖北地区;安徽省整体生态环境较好,研究区内80.77%的县区生态环境适宜进行适度开发;矿产资源较丰富的县区内生态环境适宜开发,而生态环境指数较高的县区矿产资源匮乏,表明安徽省矿产资源开发与生态保护不存在根本冲突。研究结果解释了安徽省矿产资源空间分布规律,可为分区制定差别化管理政策提供理论依据,对安徽省矿产资源可持续发展规划有一定的参考价值。

Comparison of Electric Load Forecasting between Using SOM and MLP Neural Network

Electric load forecasting has been a major area of research in the last decade since the production of accurate short-term forecasts for electricity loads has proven to be a key to success for many of the decision makers in the energy sector, from power generation to operation of the system. The objective of this research is to analyze the capacity of the MLP （multilayer perceptron neural network） versus SOM （self-organizing map neural network） for short-term load forecasting. The MLP is one of the most commonly used networks. It can be used for classification problems, model construction, series forecasting and discrete control. On the other hand, the SOM is a type of artificial neural network that is trained using unsupervised data to produce a low-dimensional, discretized representation of an input space of training samples in a cell map. Historical data of real global load demand were used for the research. Both neural models provide good prediction results, but the results obtained with the SOM maps are markedly better Also the main advantage of SOM maps is that they reach good results as a network unsupervised. It is much easier to train and interpret the results.

无人机双目视觉鲁棒定位方法

无人机(unmanned aerial vehicle,UAV)在全球定位系统(global positioning system,GPS)信号拒止环境中的应用受到限制,传统视觉同步定位与建图(simultaneous localization and mapping,SLAM)技术一定程度上解决了该问题,但在动态场景和弱纹理场景中定位精度较差。针对该问题提出一种基于双目视觉的多场景鲁棒SLAM方法,重点考虑了真实环境中的动态和弱纹理2类具有挑战性的场景,利用双目相机为UAV在动态和弱纹理场景中提供位姿信息。针对动态场景利用掩膜基于区域的卷积神经网络(mask region-based convolutional neural network,Mask R-CNN)分割潜在动态内容并剔除动态特征,通过计算稠密光流同步相邻帧的掩膜,减小了掩膜的计算成本。对于弱纹理场景,在传统SLAM算法使用的点特征基础上融合了线特征,充分利用了环境中的结构特征。数值模拟和仿真实验证明了本文算法具有更高的鲁棒性和精确性。

基于SOFM神经网络的茄子图像分割方法

以将茄子图像从复杂的背景中分割出来为目的,在分析茄子图像色差和色相的基础上,选取R-B、G-B和H作为自组织特征映射(SOFM)网络的输入特征向量,利用该网络自组织学习的特征进行聚类。采用信噪比、面积比、分割时间和傅里叶边界描述子等指标来评价分割精度。试验证明,基于SOFM神经网络图像分割评价优于单一阈值分割,适合复杂背景的彩色图像分割。

SOFM神经网络在道路交通事故分类评价中的应用

随着我国道路交通需求的持续增长和交通建设的快速发展,交通环境和条件有了很大改善,但交通事故仍频频发生,且呈不断增多的趋势,安全已成为交通管理当中一个不容忽视的问题。为了减少交通事故发生次数,降低事故损失程度,需要对交通事故进行分类管理,以便针对不同种类和特征的交通事故采取专门的措施。笔者应用SOFM(自组织特征映射)神经网络对不同原因的道路交通事故进行了分类评价,并根据实际数据的计算和分析提出了相应的防护和控制措施。

基于SOFM神经网络的边坡稳定性评价

针对边坡工程稳定性分析中参数的不确定性,在分析自组织特征映射神经网络(SOFM)基本学习算法的基础上,从提高算法收敛速度和性能出发,将自组织特征映射神经网络基本学习算法加以改进,据此建立了评价边坡稳定状态的SOFM神经网络模型。然后用收集到的边坡稳定工程实例作为样本,对该模型进行训练和检验,并与BP神经网络判别结果对比。结果表明,SOFM神经网络性能良好、预测精度高,是边坡稳定性评价的一种有效方法。

基于SOFM神经网络的无线传感器网络数据融合算法

为了降低无线传感器网络的通信量,降低能耗,延长网络的生命周期,提出了一种基于SOFM(Self-Organizing Feature Mapping)神经网络的数据融合算法(SOFMDA),该算法将自组织映射神经网络和无线传感器网络分簇路由协议相结合,使簇中的各个节点完成神经元的工作,按照数据的特征对其进行分类,提取同类数据的特征,将特征数据发送到汇聚节点,从而减少了数据发送量,延长网络的生命期。仿真实验表明,与普通的数据融合方法相比,SOFMDA能够在保证数据准确性的前提下,有效减少网络通信量,延长网络生命期。在文中仿真实验的时间内,达到了LEACH算法性能的1.5倍。

SOFM神经网络在物流中心城市分类评价中的应用

分析了中国各地物流中心规划与建设的发展现状,指出其中可能存在的重复建设问题,提出区域物流规划首先要确定区域内的物流中心城市,而物流中心城市的确定实际上是一个分类评价问题。针对这一问题的本质,引入了自组织特征映射神经网络方法,为了说明该方法的可应用性,简单建立了物流中心城市评价指标体系,并在实际数据样本的基础上,利用自组织特征映射神经网络方法对中国的公路主枢纽城市进行了分类评价。通过对其结果进行分析,证实了该方法能有效地解决这一问题。