Stability analysis of a liquid crystal elastomer self-oscillator under a linear temperature field

Self-oscillating systems abound in the natural world and offer substantial potential for applications in controllers,micro-motors,medical equipments,and so on.Currently,numerical methods have been widely utilized for obtaining the characteristics of self-oscillation including amplitude and frequency.However,numerical methods are burdened by intricate computations and limited precision,hindering comprehensive investigations into self-oscillating systems.In this paper,the stability of a liquid crystal elastomer fiber self-oscillating system under a linear temperature field is studied,and analytical solutions for the amplitude and frequency are determined.Initially,we establish the governing equations of self-oscillation,elucidate two motion regimes,and reveal the underlying mechanism.Subsequently,we conduct a stability analysis and employ a multi-scale method to obtain the analytical solutions for the amplitude and frequency.The results show agreement between the multi-scale and numerical methods.This research contributes to the examination of diverse self-oscillating systems and advances the theoretical analysis of self-oscillating systems rooted in active materials.

Vector magnetometry in zero bias magnetic field using nitrogen-vacancy ensembles

The application of the vector magnetometry based on nitrogen-vacancy(NV)ensembles has been widely investigatedin multiple areas.It has the superiority of high sensitivity and high stability in ambient conditions with microscale spatialresolution.However,a bias magnetic field is necessary to fully separate the resonance lines of optically detected magneticresonance(ODMR)spectrum of NV ensembles.This brings disturbances in samples being detected and limits the rangeof application.Here,we demonstrate a method of vector magnetometry in zero bias magnetic field using NV ensembles.By utilizing the anisotropy property of fluorescence excited from NV centers,we analyzed the ODMR spectrum of NVensembles under various polarized angles of excitation laser in zero bias magnetic field with a quantitative numerical modeland reconstructed the magnetic field vector.The minimum magnetic field modulus that can be resolved accurately is downto~0.64 G theoretically depending on the ODMR spectral line width(1.8 MHz),and~2 G experimentally due to noisesin fluorescence signals and errors in calibration.By using 13C purified and low nitrogen concentration diamond combinedwith improving calibration of unknown parameters,the ODMR spectral line width can be further decreased below 0.5 MHz,corresponding to~0.18 G minimum resolvable magnetic field modulus.

Zero-field splitting parameters and local structures for tetragonal Cr^(2+) centers in Cr^(2+)-doped ZnSe semiconductors

The inter-relation between zero-field splitting （ZFS） parameters and local lattice structures of the （CrSe4）6 clusters in ZnSe semiconductors has been established by using the complete diagonalization （of the energy matrix） method. On the basis of this, the local lattice distortions, the ZFS parameters D, a, F and the optical spectrum for Cr2＋ ions doped into ZnSe are theoretically investigated, and the contributions of the spin singlets have been taken into account. The calculated ZFS parameters are in good agreement with the experimental values. From our calculations, the tetragonal distortion parameters AR = 0.091A and Aθ = 4.28° of Cr2＋ in ZnSe are acquired, and the results suggest that there exists a tetragonal expansion distortion for the local lattice structure of （CrSe4）6- clusters in ZnSe crystals. The influence of the spin singlets on ZFS parameters is also discussed, indicating that the contributions to ZFS parameters a and F cannot be ignored.

Bound State Description of Particles from a Quantum Field Theory of Fermions and Bosons, Compatible with Relativity

Both, the dilemma to find a quantum field theory consistent with Einstein’s law of relativity and the problem to describe existing particles as bound states of matter has been solved by calculating bound state matrix elements from a dual fermion-boson Lagrangian. In this formalism, the fermion binding energies are compensated by boson energies, indicating that particles can be generated out of the vacuum. This yields quantitative solutions for various mesons ω (0.78 GeV) - Υ (9.46 GeV) and all leptons e, μ and τ, with uncertainties in the extracted properties of less than 1‰. For transparency, a Web-page with the address htpps://h2909473.stratoserver.net has been constructed, where all calculations can be run on line and also the underlying fortran source code can be inspected.

Control of vacuum arc source cathode spots contraction motion by changing electromagnetic field

This paper investigates the magnetic field component impact on cathode spots motion trajectory and the mechanism of periodic contraction.Electromagnetic coils and permanent magnets were installed at the different sides of cathode surface,the photographs of cathode spots motion trajectory were captured by a camera.Increasing the number of magnets and decreasing the distance between magnets and cathode both lead to enhancing cathode spots motion velocity.Radii of cathode spots trajectory decrease gradually with the increasing of electromagnetic coil＇s current,from 40 mm at 0 A to 10 mm at 2.7 A.Parallel magnetic field component intensity influence the speed of cathode spots rotate motion,and perpendicular magnetic field component drives spots drift in the radial direction.Cathode spot＇s radial drift is controlled by changing the location of the ‘zero line＇ where perpendicular magnetic component shifts direction and the radius of cathode spots trajectory almost equal to ‘zero line＇.

Lattice Models of Finite Fields

Finite fields form an important chapter in abstract algebra, and mathematics in general, yet the traditional expositions, part of Abstract Algebra courses, focus on the axiomatic presentation, while Ramification Theory in Algebraic Number Theory, making a suited topic for their applications, is usually a separated course. We aim to provide a geometric and intuitive model for finite fields, involving algebraic numbers, in order to make them accessible and interesting to a much larger audience, and bridging the above mentioned gap. Such lattice models of finite fields provide a good basis for later developing their study in a more concrete way, including decomposition of primes in number fields, Frobenius elements, and Frobenius lifts, allowing to approach more advanced topics, such as Artin reciprocity law and Weil Conjectures, while keeping the exposition to the concrete level of familiar number systems. Examples are provided, intended for an undergraduate audience in the first place.

Effect of the interfacial electric field on the HER on Pt(111)modified with iron adatoms in alkaline media

The study of the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)aimed to reach a deeper understanding of the parameters that control the rate of this reaction is of great importance given the technical relevance of hydrogen production as an energy vector in the so-called hydrogen economy.In previous works,laser-induced temperature jump(LITJ)experiments on Pt(111)modified with Ni(OH)_(2)in alkaline media have revealed the importance of the interfacial electric field in the rate of the HER.It was hypothesised that small amounts of Ni(OH)_(2)cause a decrease of the electric field because of a negative shift of the pzfc toward the onset of the hydrogen evolution.In this work,to test the validity of this hypothesis,the study has been extended to Pt(111)surfaces modified with Fe(OH)_(2).The modified surfaces have been studied voltammetrically,and the voltammetric charges have been analysed.The voltammograms show a peak in the hydrogen evolution region that suggest the transformation in the adlayer from Fe(II)to Fe(0).In agreement with the coulometric analysis,the voltammetric features in the OH adsorption region would be related with the oxidation to the+3 valence state.The results obtained with LITJ method reflect the existence of a strong interaction of the Fe oxophilic species with the water molecules,shifting the potential of maximum entropy away from the onset of the HER.Hence,the most catalytic surface is the one with the lowest Fe coverage.

A Fermi Energy-Incorporated Framework for Dealing with the Temperature- and Magnetic Field-Dependent Critical Current Densities of Superconductors and Its Application to Bi-2212

It is well known that the critical current density of a superconductor depends on its size, shape, nature of doping and the manner of preparation. It is suggested here that the collective effect of such differences for different samples of the same superconductor is to endow them with different values of the Fermi energy—a single property to which may be attributed the observed variation in their critical current densities. The study reported here extends our earlier work concerned with the generalized BCS equations [Malik, G.P. (2010) Physica B, 405, 3475-3481;Malik, G.P. (2013) WJCMP, 3,103-110]. We develop here for the first time a framework of microscopic equations that incorporates all of the following parameters of a superconductor: temperature, momentum of Cooper pairs, Fermi energy, applied magnetic field and critical current density. As an application of this framework, we address the different values of critical current densities of Bi-2212 for non-zero values of temperature and applied magnetic field that have been reported in the literature.

Matrices and Division by Zero z/0 = 0

In this paper, a new viewpoint of the division by zero z/0 = 0 in matrices is introduced and the results will show that the division by zero is our elementary and fundamental mathematics. New and practical meanings for many mathematical and physical formulas for the denominator zero cases may be given. Furthermore, a new space idea for the point at infinity for the Eucleadian plane is also introduced.

Spin Supercurrent in Phenomena of Quantum Non-Locality (Quantum Correlations, Magnetic Vector Potential) and in Near-Field Antenna Effect

It is shown that such phenomena as quantum correlations (interaction of space-separated quantum entities), the action of magnetic vector potential on quantum entities in the absence of magnetic field, and near-field antenna effect (the existence of superluminally propagating electromagnetic fields) may be explained by action of spin supercurrents. In case of quantum correlations between quantum entities, spin supercurrent emerges between virtual particles pairs (virtual photons) created by those quantum entities. The explanation of magnetic vector potential and near-field antenna effect is based on contemporary principle of quantum mechanics: the physical vacuum is not an empty space but the ground state of the field consisting of quantum harmonic oscillators (QHOs) characterized by zero-point energy. Using the properties of the oscillators and spin supercurrent, it is proved that magnetic vector potential is proportional to the moment causing the orientation of spin of QHO along the direction of magnetic field. The near-field antenna effect is supposed to take place as a result of action of spin supercurrent causing secondary electromagnetic oscillations. In this way, the electromagnetic field may spread at the speed of spin supercurrent. As spin supercurrent is an inertia free process, its speed may be greater than that of light, which does not contradict postulates of special relativity that sets limits to the speed of inertial systems only.

行人自主导航技术综述

导航与位置服务是我国经济新增长点和战略性新兴产业。近年来,行人自主导航技术由于可为行人提供高自主、高智能、高可靠和低成本的位置服务而备受关注,成为了导航与位置服务赋能可穿戴设备的关键驱动力。针对惯性、磁场和视觉三大主流行人自主导航方法进行了调研分析,梳理了行人自主导航技术的研究进展,重点阐述了各类技术途径的原理与特点,并指出了行人自主导航技术的未来发展趋势。

集成LCC-S拓扑的二维全向无线电能传输系统无盲区能量捕获方法研究

针对二维全向无线电能传输技术存在空间磁场完整度与电流控制策略复杂度的竞争问题,该文提出一种集成LCC-S拓扑的二维全向无线电能传输系统无盲区能量捕获方法。该系统以二维正交线圈为电磁耦合机构,并将其集成于LCC-S型补偿拓扑。同时提出一种自调整参数设计方法,实现系统在二维空间内产生时均旋转磁场以及系统的零相角输入。通过场-路耦合有限元模型分析系统在二维空间内磁场分布情况,随时间峰值磁场强度矢量轨迹为圆形。搭建集成型二维全向无线电能传输的实验样机,实验结果表明,该系统实现单一电源驱动下无盲区的二维全向电磁能量捕获。

集体行动逻辑视角下乡村“零和空间”治理——基于福建晋江市的田野调查

乡村公共空间治理是人居环境整治的关键任务,也是实现乡村振兴的重要抓手。公共空间治理难,主要在于“零和空间”引发的集体行动困境。研究发现福建晋江市乡村通过宗族力量引导村民认知目标、网格化管理降低集体行动规模、研究村民偏好进行选择性激励三种方式,促进乡村达成集体行动目标,使“零和空间”演变为“正和空间”。晋江市农村“零和空间”整治的经验,不仅为其他乡村进行类似公共空间治理提供借鉴,也为今后乡村基层治理通过制度设计,形成长效机制促进集体行动目标达成提供有益启示。

超声心动图引导经皮心房颤动脉冲电场消融术一例

脉冲电场消融术是心房颤动(房颤)导管消融领域的新技术。本文报道了全程采用超声心动图引导脉冲电场消融术治疗房颤的新术式,旨在探索超声心动图引导零射线完成脉冲电场消融术治疗房颤的可行性。

基于小型化原子磁力计的零场NMR波谱仪搭建与测试

常规高场NMR波谱仪依托超导技术,其体积大、维护成本高,且存在样本磁化率不均匀导致的谱线展宽现象,零场或近零场NMR技术则可实现有效互补.本文自主搭建了一套基于小型原子磁力计的可移动零场NMR波谱仪,采用以多功能采集卡(National Instruments PCIe-6353)为核心的集成控制系统,仪器主磁场强度小于1nT,可实现高分辨率的J-耦合谱采集.为实现对自旋体系的有效操控,利用样品绝热初态的单脉冲激发实现对三轴脉冲线圈的精确标定.在此基础上,使用改进的组合脉冲序列实现了在^(13)C-^(1)H异核体系下的单自旋选择性操控,验证了零场NMR波谱仪的有效性.

面向高速PAM4有线收发机的自适应和低复杂度最大似然序列检测器

高速串行收发机是中央处理器、网卡和交换机等高性能芯片的关键部件.判决反馈均衡器(decision feedback equalization,DFE)是高速串行收发机的主要判决电路.针对传统DFE在高码间干扰(intersymbol interference,ISI)信道下的高误码率制约串行收发机速率提升的问题,提出一种面向4电平调制(4 pulse amplitude modulation,PAM4)串行收发机的自适应、低复杂度的减状态序列检测器(adaptive reduced-state sequence detector,ARSSD).ARSSD基于最大似然序列检测结构降低检测误码率;结合Viterbi算法和分区算法降低运算复杂度;采用基于迫零算法的ISI参数获取方式实现检测器参数的自适应更新.所提结构最终完成了行为仿真、电路设计以及系统验证.基于模拟前端芯片和现场可编程门阵列电路的实验结果表明,与传统DFE相比,当12~64 Gbps PAM4信号经过−8~−18 dB@16 GHz衰减信道时,32×4路并行ARSSD检测误码率降低2个数量级,与行为仿真结果一致.

基于图像深度先验和鲁棒马尔可夫随机场的有遮挡人脸识别

由遮挡所引发的测试数据和训练数据之间的差异,是人脸识别技术面临的重要挑战。现有的基于深度神经网络的有遮挡人脸识别方法大多需要使用大规模的有遮挡的人脸图像来训练网络模型。然而,现实世界中的任何外界物体都有可能成为遮挡,有限的训练集数据很难穷尽所有的可能性,并且使用大规模的有遮挡人脸图像训练网络模型的做法与人类视觉机制是相违背的,人眼对于遮挡区域的感知在本质上与遮挡本身并没有关系,仅依赖于无遮挡的人脸图像。为了模拟人类视觉的遮挡检测机制,将图像深度先验和鲁棒马尔可夫随机场模型结合起来,构建基于小样本数据的遮挡检测模型DIP-rMRF,并提出了一致性零填充方法以有效利用DIP-rMRF的遮挡检测结果进行后续的人脸识别。在Extended Yale B,AR和LFW这3个人脸数据库上,针对VGGFace, LCNN,PCANet, SphereFace, InterpretFR,FROM这6种CNN模型的实验结果表明,DIP-rMRF能够有效地处理遮挡以及由极端光照所引发的“类遮挡”,从而极大提升现有的深度神经网络模型对有遮挡人脸识别的性能。

基于局部电场的零值绝缘子检测技术研究

采用电场法可检测出绝缘子串零值片,而现有技术通常通过扫测整串绝缘子的电场分布曲线来找出绝缘子串零值片,这一方法操作难度大、效率低。文中提出通过探测绝缘子局部电场的方法来识别零值绝缘子,首先建立零值绝缘子检测仿真模型,得到含检测装置的绝缘子串电场畸变特性;然后,通过该特性获得零值片的局部电场识别判据;最后,通过设计传感器、探测装置验证仿真结果,并实现零值绝缘子的点测识别。研究结果表明,采用三阵列电场法可以实现零值绝缘子检测。装置长度应大于电场的畸变区间长度,对于文中研究对象可取130 mm;识别判据为探头1、3变化率小于10%,探头2偏差率小于50%。检测时,对于高压端和中压端,检测装置应为正对钢脚,在低压端应为正对伞裙。研究结果可为输配电外绝缘智慧运维提供理论支撑。

复杂静电场问题中电势零点选取的合理性

对一个复杂静电场问题分解为两个甚至多个子问题利用叠加原理进行电势求解时,如何合理地选取各个子问题的电势零点的问题进行了研究和讨论。首先讨论了电势参考点选取的任意性和相对性,然后通过一个实际的静电场问题引出了电势参考点选取的合理性。最后,从做功与能量和唯一性定理两个方面对电势参考点选取的合理性进行了分析与讨论。

500 kV双联耐张瓷绝缘子串的串间放电现象

以某换流站500 kV出线双联耐张瓷绝缘子串为研究对象,研究了双联瓷绝缘子串串间放电现象的成因。开展了电阻测试、剖面染色等实验,建立了双联瓷绝缘子串电场与放电仿真模型,获得了双联绝缘子串空间电场分布规律。研究结果表明:水汽侵入水泥黏合剂缝隙导致多个绝缘子阻值下降形成大量零值绝缘子(西侧20片、东侧4片)。由于两侧零值绝缘子数量差距较大,产生122 kV串间电位差是串间放电的主要成因。