Self-propagating high temperature synthesis of MoSi_2 matrix composites

MoSi2 is presently regarded as the most important material for electrical heating and as one with huge potential for high temperature structural uses. MoSi2 and MoSi2 matrix composites were prepared by self-propagating high temperature synthesis （SHS）. Pure MoSi2 was obtained and a compound of MoSi2 and WSi2was synthesized in the form of predominant solid solution （Mo,W）Si2. By adding aluminum of 5.5 at.% to Mo-Si, the crystal structure of MoSi2 changed into a mixture of tetragonal Cllb MoSi2and hexagonal C40 Mo（Si,Al）2. The （Mo,W）Si2-Mo（Si,Al）2-W（Si,Al）2 composite materials were synthesized by adding aluminum of 5.5 at.% to Mo-W-Si. However, if the amount of the added aluminum was not larger than 2.5 at.%, it did not have any significant effect. SHS is an effective technology for synthesis of MoSi2 and MoSi2 matrix composites.

Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TiC-TiB_2-Cu Composites

TiC-TiB2-Cu composites were produced by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis combined with pseudo hot isostatic pressing using Ti, B4C and Cu powders. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. The X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） results showed that the final products were only TiC, TiB2 and Cu phases. The clubbed TiB2 grains and spheroidal or irregular TiC grains were found in the microstructure of synthesized products. The reaction temperature and grain size of TiB2 and TiC particles decreased with increasing Cu content. The introduction of Cu into the composites resulted in a drastic increase in the relative density and flexual strength, and the maximum values were obtained with the addition of 20 wt pct, while the fracture toughness was the best when Cu content was 40 wt pct.

A Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis process for the fabrication of Fe（Cr）–Al2O3 nanocomposite

Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis(SHS)was used to fabricate a Fe(Cr)–Al2O3 nanocomposite.The composite was fabricated by the reactions between the powders of Fe,Fe2O3,Cr2O3,and Al.The effect of blending ratio and mechanical activation of the initial powders and the precursor compressing pressure on the microstructure of the final product was studied by optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,and X-ray diffraction.The significance of the effect of each of the aforementioned parameters on the quality of the composite(assessed by measuring the compressive strength and wear resistance)was determined using a full-factorial design of experiments method.The results showed that the best molar powder ratio that produced the most homogeneous product through a sustainable SHS reaction was Fe:Fe2O3:Cr2O3:Al=10:1:1:4.A lower Fe content caused the Fe(Cr)phase to melt and separate from the rest of the materials.

Preparation of low-oxygen Ti powder from TiO_(2) through combining self-propagating high temperature synthesis and electrodeoxidation

An effective method was reported to prepare low-oxygen Ti powder,which included two experimental steps:the fast conversion of TiO_(2) to TiO_(x<1) powder by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis(SHS)process and the generation of low-oxygen Ti powder by electrodeoxidizing TiO_(x<1) powder at the cathode in molten CaCl_(2).The key intermediate steps were analyzed by XRD,SEM and electrochemical testing techniques.The results demonstrated that TiO_(x<1) powder(TiO_(0.325) and TiO_(0.97))was generated after acid leaching MgO in SHS products with TiO_(2)/Mg molar ratio of 1:2,and the TiO_(x<1) powder with 16.3 wt.%oxygen could be transformed into pure titanium powder with 0.121 wt.%oxygen by electrodeoxidation at a constant potential of−3.3 V for 10 h.The electrodeoxidation of TiO_(x<1) powder in CaCl_(2) molten salt follows the step-by-step deoxidation mode,and the lattice of TiO_(x<1) powder after electrodeoxidation shrinks.

Influence of Fe Addition on Products of Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis Reaction in 3Ti-Si-2C System

Influence of Fe addition on products of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) reaction in 3Ti-Si-2C system was investigated in the present study. Without Fe addition, Ti5Si3 and TiC are the dominant phases along with a small amount of Ti3SiC2 phase and unreacted C left in the final products. As Fe content ranges from 10% to 30%, the products consist of TiC, Ti5Si3, Fe2Ti and unreacted C, but no trace of Ti3SiC2 phase is detected. Furthermore, the amounts of both Fe2Ti and C phases increase with Fe content increasing. Addition of Fe has a great effect on the reaction route and significantly restrains the formation of Ti3SiC2 during the combustion synthesis process, and therefore, the SHS is not an effective fabrication technique to synthesize the ternary Ti3SiC2 ceramic in either 3Ti-Si-2C or Fe-3Ti-Si-2C system. Besides, without Fe addition, Ti5Si3 presents as the coarse irregular appearance with an obviously sintered morphology. In contrast, the shape of Ti5Si3 exhibits more and more spherical (cobblestone-like) and the surface becomes increasingly smooth, because the amount of liquids formed during the SHS reaction increases with the increase of Fe content. On the other hand, with Fe content increasing from 0 to 30 wt.%, the particulate size of TiC decreases from more than 5 μm to 1 μm or less, mainly due to the fact that the combustion temperature decreases with the increase of Fe content in the preforms.

Effect of inner oxidant on self-propagating high-temperature synthesis of MnZn-ferrite powder

Using KClO3 as an inner oxidant, MnZn-ferrite powder was synthesized by a self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) process in normal air atmosphere. The effects of the inner oxidant on combustion temperature, combustion velocity, microstructure and the phase of the product were investigated by XRD and SEM,respectively. The results show that a highly ferritized powder can be obtained as well as the highest combustion temperature and the highest combustion velocity when the inner oxidant content m equals 54(k-16).

SELF- PROPAGATING HIGH TEMPERATURE SYNTHESIS OF (W,Ti)C POWDERS

The effects of preheating temperature and W powder size on the Self propagating High temperature Synthesis(SHS) of Ti W C system were studied. Preheated mixtures and the decrease of W powder size can accelerate the formation of (W,Ti)C powders. The uniphase (W,Ti)C (WC∶TiC=5∶5) powders with 0.32% free carbon were synthesized from Ti, W, C powders by SHS. The powder size of the product was 3～5 μm.

Fabrication of Titanium Diboride-Cu Composite by Self-High Temperature Synthesis plus Quick Press

Titanium diboride based composites, good candidates for contact materials, have high hardness, Young＇s modulus, high temperature stability, and excellent electrical, thermal conductivity. However a good interface of TiB2/Cu is very difficult to achieve for oxidation of TiB2. To avoid this oxidation behavior, the in situ combusting synthesis technology, SHS, was used to prepare TiB2/Cu composite. The characters of Ti-B-xCu SHS were studied in detail, such as combustion temperature, products phases and grain size. Based on the experimental results a proper technology way of self-high temperature synthesis plus quick press （SHS/QP） was determined and compact TiB2/Cu composites with relative density over than 97 pct of the theoretical were fabricated by this method. The properties and microstructures of these TiB2 based composites were also investigated.

Synthesis of SrTiO_3 for immobilization of simulated HLW by SHS

Strontium titanate synroc samples were synthesized by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis （SHS）. Sr directly took part in the synthesis process. As a result, the loading content issue is basically resolved. The products were characterized by density, microhardness X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy （SEM/EDS）. The leaching rate was measured by the method of PCT （product consistency test）. The results indicate that the Sr^2＋-SrTiO3 compound is of high density, low leach rate and high stability and the synthesis process is feasible in technology and economy. It can be concluded that the strontium titanate synroc is a perfect material to immobilize HLW.

Thermodynamic analysis of Ti powder synthesized by SHS thermitreaction

According to the thermodynamics theories,the reactive Gibbs free energies,the reactive adiabatic temperature,the melting rate of Ti and the gasification mass of Mg in the Mg-TiO2 and Al-TiO2 systems were theoretically calculated and analyzed respectively. The results show that the reactions of Mg-TiO2 and Al-TiO2 are very easy to take place and the reaction of producing various suboxides of Ti may occur in Mg-TiO2 and Al-TiO2 reaction system;the adiabatic temperature of Mg-TiO2 becomes lower with increasing mass fraction of Mg. The adiabatic temperature is below 1 800 K when the mass fraction of excessive Mg exceeds 25%;The adiabatic temperature of Al-TiO2 also becomes lower with increasing mass fraction of Al,but it becomes higher with the preheat temperature increment. The adiabatic temperature plateau is the result of Ti melting endotherm;owing to the gasification of a great deal of Mg in Mg-TiO2 reaction process,Mg should be properly excessive in order to get Ti.

Optimal design of self-propagating high temperature one-dimensional nano-SnO_2 synthesis

The success in synthesizing high purity SnO2 nanobelts via self-propagating high tem- perature synthesis was achieved. According to the experimental results, a relationship between the residual heat of the reaction system at 2848 K and SnO2 nanobelts yield was identified. The most appropriate formula for this self-propagating high tempera- ture synthesis method is turned out to be composed of Sn powder and thermite with weight ratio of 1：1.

SHS反应喷涂Al_2O_3-Al_2Cu_3涂层形成过程与工艺研究

采用SHS反应火焰喷涂工艺在钢基表面制备了以Al2O3-Al2Cu3相为主的复相涂层。测定了涂层的物相组成与组织结构,分析了在热喷涂工艺条件下涂层的形成过程,实验了物料预热、基材预热以及喷涂距离对涂层组织结构和机械物理性能的影响规律。提出:在SHS反应喷涂中与物理过程同时进行的化学燃烧与结构转变过程经历预热、SHS燃烧反应和结构形成与凝固3个阶段,所得涂层中部分Al2O3以较大尺寸片状分布于不同Al-Cu区域边界,部分以100 nm到几微米的颗粒状和球状弥散分布于Al2Cu3基体的内部,形成内晶型结构;物料预热温度、基材预热及喷涂距离等参数通过影响反应转化程度和反应能量而对涂层组织结构和机械物理性能有较大影响,实验表明涂层组织与性能在基材预热、物料预热温度为250℃以上、喷涂距离在200 mm左右时较为理想。

γ-LiAlO_2超细粉SHS合成及反应机理的研究

以硝酸锂和水合硝酸铝为氧化剂,使用柠檬酸和尿素作为燃料,根据推进燃料化学理论计算原料的配比,采用自蔓延高温合成法(SHS)快速合成出γ-LiAlO2的超细粉。研究了燃料种类及煅烧温度对合成产物相组成和粉末形貌的影响。根据吉布斯自由能最小原理以及化合价配比平衡法则,发现当燃料中尿素与柠檬酸的配比为9∶1时燃烧反应之所以能够快速持续地进行,究其基本原因在于燃料与相应的氧化剂之间形成了过渡型的络合物,进而降低了合成反应的活化能,使燃烧反应得以持续进行。

基于自蔓延高温合成(SHS)的涂层技术

综述了几种利用自蔓延高温合成(SHS)反应制备涂层的技术,包括反应热喷涂、SHS离心铸造涂层、SHS熔铸涂层以及反应铸渗涂层。介绍了它们的工艺过程、工艺特点、适应的反应体系以及涂层性能。这些基于SHS反应,用于制备耐磨耐蚀陶瓷或金属陶瓷涂层的涂层技术,充分利用SHS技术本身具有的节能、工艺简单、产物纯度高等优点,显示出了很强的竞争优势。

自蔓延高温合成（SHS）法的发展及应用

本文简介了自蔓延高温合成（ＳＨＳ）法的优缺点、应用领域、发展历史及研究现状。系统地概述了其基础理论，介绍了绝热燃烧温度的算法与用途，燃烧模式与点火方法，燃烧波的绝热结构与燃烧速度，以及结构宏观动力学理论。归纳出５种技术形成及其应用情况。最后，对ＳＨＳ法的发展方向及前景作了展望。

粉体聚集状态对自蔓延高温合成(SHS)反应喷涂Al_2O_3-Al_2Cu_3涂层的影响

采用SHS技术和传统氧 乙炔火焰喷涂技术 ,利用Al与CuO间的高能铝热反应 ,在钢的表面制备了Al2 O3 Al2 Cu3复相涂层。研究了粉体聚集状态对SHS火焰喷涂涂层物相组成、组织结构和反应机理的影响 ,结果表明 :非团聚CuO Al粉体分散在气流中缺乏发生SHS反应的条件 ,而团聚CuO Al体 ,经历反应孕育、飞行燃烧、碰撞、结构转变与凝固 4个阶段 。

TiB_2的SHS合成过程理论分析

在TiB_2陶瓷材料的自蔓延高温合成(简称SHS)过程中,通过改变原料的起始温度、稀释剂的含量和原始颗粒的尺寸等都可以调节合成过程的绝热温度、产物中熔融相的含量、以及燃烧波蔓延的速度、从而最终影响合成产物的结构和性质。本文对上述各种关系进行了理论计算和分析,其结果对实际合成与制备过程将有着重要的指导作用。

SHS陶瓷内衬复合钢管组织和性能的研究

采用SHS离心法制备了Al2O3陶瓷内衬复合钢管,利用扫描电镜、金相显微镜及X射线衍射法对陶瓷内衬的显微组织及物相组成进行分析,测试了陶瓷层的抗剪强度、孔隙率以及耐腐蚀性。结果表明,陶瓷内衬复合钢管由钢管层、以铁为主的过渡层以及陶瓷层构成;陶瓷和钢管基体的结合性能良好;陶瓷层的孔隙率约为10%,其耐腐蚀性良好。

Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis of ZrO_2 incorporated Gd_2Ti_2O_7 pyrochlore

In this research, Zr-doped Gd_2Ti_2O_7 pyrochlores, with the composition of Gd_2(Ti_(1-x)Zr_x)_2O_7, were firstly synthesized by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis plus quick pressing(SHS/QP) using CuO as the oxidant and Ti as the reductant. To improve the radiation resistance of titanate–pyrochlore, up to 35 at% Zr was incorporated to substitute the Ti site of Gd_2Ti_2O_7 pyrochlore(Gd_2(Ti_(0.75)Zr_(0.35))_2O_7). XRD and SEM microstructural characterizations showed the formation of a composite ceramic with the major pyrochlore phase and the minor Cu phase. The generated temperature of samples decreased from 1702to 1011 ℃ with increasing Zr content. The effects of sintering temperature and pressure time on phase composition and microstructure were systematically studied. Besides, the influence of thermal transmission on the whole combustion process was also explored. The pyrochlore-based waste form possessed high bulk density of 6.25 g/cm^3 and Vickers hardness of 10.81 GPa. The MCC-1 leaching test showed the normalized elemental leaching rates(42d) of Cu, Gd, and Zr are 1.27×10^(-2), 1.33×10^(-3), and 8.44×10^(-7)g·m^(-2)·d^(-1), respectively.

SHS结合密实化技术制备材料进展

SHS结合密实化技术可以一步完成材料的合成与致密化过程 ,这是该领域研究的最新方向。本文介绍了国内外正在研究的几种典型的SHS结合密实化技术 ,对它们的优劣进行了分析 ,认为SHS/QP方法是一种有希望的材料制备技术。