Preparation of low-oxygen Ti powder from TiO_(2) through combining self-propagating high temperature synthesis and electrodeoxidation

An effective method was reported to prepare low-oxygen Ti powder,which included two experimental steps:the fast conversion of TiO_(2) to TiO_(x<1) powder by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis(SHS)process and the generation of low-oxygen Ti powder by electrodeoxidizing TiO_(x<1) powder at the cathode in molten CaCl_(2).The key intermediate steps were analyzed by XRD,SEM and electrochemical testing techniques.The results demonstrated that TiO_(x<1) powder(TiO_(0.325) and TiO_(0.97))was generated after acid leaching MgO in SHS products with TiO_(2)/Mg molar ratio of 1:2,and the TiO_(x<1) powder with 16.3 wt.%oxygen could be transformed into pure titanium powder with 0.121 wt.%oxygen by electrodeoxidation at a constant potential of−3.3 V for 10 h.The electrodeoxidation of TiO_(x<1) powder in CaCl_(2) molten salt follows the step-by-step deoxidation mode,and the lattice of TiO_(x<1) powder after electrodeoxidation shrinks.

Self-propagating high temperature synthesis of MoSi_2 matrix composites

MoSi2 is presently regarded as the most important material for electrical heating and as one with huge potential for high temperature structural uses. MoSi2 and MoSi2 matrix composites were prepared by self-propagating high temperature synthesis （SHS）. Pure MoSi2 was obtained and a compound of MoSi2 and WSi2was synthesized in the form of predominant solid solution （Mo,W）Si2. By adding aluminum of 5.5 at.% to Mo-Si, the crystal structure of MoSi2 changed into a mixture of tetragonal Cllb MoSi2and hexagonal C40 Mo（Si,Al）2. The （Mo,W）Si2-Mo（Si,Al）2-W（Si,Al）2 composite materials were synthesized by adding aluminum of 5.5 at.% to Mo-W-Si. However, if the amount of the added aluminum was not larger than 2.5 at.%, it did not have any significant effect. SHS is an effective technology for synthesis of MoSi2 and MoSi2 matrix composites.

A Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis process for the fabrication of Fe（Cr）–Al2O3 nanocomposite

Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis(SHS)was used to fabricate a Fe(Cr)–Al2O3 nanocomposite.The composite was fabricated by the reactions between the powders of Fe,Fe2O3,Cr2O3,and Al.The effect of blending ratio and mechanical activation of the initial powders and the precursor compressing pressure on the microstructure of the final product was studied by optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,and X-ray diffraction.The significance of the effect of each of the aforementioned parameters on the quality of the composite(assessed by measuring the compressive strength and wear resistance)was determined using a full-factorial design of experiments method.The results showed that the best molar powder ratio that produced the most homogeneous product through a sustainable SHS reaction was Fe:Fe2O3:Cr2O3:Al=10:1:1:4.A lower Fe content caused the Fe(Cr)phase to melt and separate from the rest of the materials.

Comparison of mechanical properties in high temperature and thermal treatment granite

Static mechanical experiments were carried out on granite after and under different temperatures using an electro-hydraulic and servo-controlled material testing machine with a heating device. Variations in obvious form, stress-strain curve, peak strength, peak strain and elastic modulus with temperature were analyzed and the essence of rock failure modes was explored. The results indicate that, compared with granite after the high temperature treatment, the brittle-ductile transition critical temperature is lower, the densification stage is longer, the elastic modulus is smaller and the damage is larger under high temperature. In addition, the peak stress is lower and the peak strain is greater, but both of them change more obviously with the increase of temperature compared with that of granite after the high temperature treatment. Furthermore, the failure modes of granite after the high temperature treatment and under high temperature show a remarkable difference. Below 100 ℃, the failure modes of granite under both conditions are the same, presenting splitting failure. However, after 100 ℃, the failure modes of granite after the high temperature treatment and under high temperature present splitting failure and shear failure, respectively.

Influence of High Temperature Treatment on the Performance of Nickel-Induced Laterally Crystallized Thin Film Transistors

Well known for their good performance,thin film transistors (TFTs) with active layers which were nickel induced laterally crystallized,are fabricated by conventional process of dual gate CMOS.The influence of pre high temperature treatment of device fabrication on the performance of TFTs is also investigated.The experiment shows that the high temperature treatment affects the performance of the devices strongly.The best performance is obtained by adopting pre treatment of 1000℃.The mobility of 314cm 2/(V·s) is obtained at NMOS TFTs with pre treatment of 1000℃,which is 10% and 22% higher than that treated at 1100℃ and without pre high temperature treatment,respectively.A maximum on/off current ratio of 3×10 8 is also obtained at 1000℃.Further investigation of uniformity verifies that the result is reliable.

Polyphenol content and antioxidant activity in mulberry powder treated at high temperature

The aim of this study was to investigate changes of polyphenols content and the antioxidant activity of mulberry fruit powder after heating at high temperature.The mulberry fruit powder was heated by baking method at different temperature and time.The DPPH scavenging ability,the OH^(•-) scavenging ability and the O_(2)^(•-) scavenging ability were used to evaluate the changes in the antioxidant activity of the mulberry fruit powder after the heat treatment.The results showed that 74.87%of the polyphenols in the mulberry powder were lost after heating at 150℃for 5 min,and almost all the polyphenols were lost with the increase of the heating time and temperature.The antioxidant experiment showed that the DPPH scavenging rate,OH^(•-) scavenging rate and O_(2)^(•-) scavenging rate of mulberry fruit powder were 68.90%,39.15%and 14.09%,respectively after treatment at 150℃ for 5 min.Mulberry fruit powder still has some potential to be added to baked goods as a functional ingredient.

Effects of High Temperature Treatment on Seed Germination of Dodonaea viscosa(L.) Jacq

Seeds of Dodonaea viscosa （L.） Jacq, a representative species in dry and hot valleys in Southwest China, were chosen as experimental materials. In this experiment, the D. viscosa seeds were treated at 40, 60, 80 and 100℃ respectively before germination to study impacts of high temperature treatment on their generation rate and to further discuss the roles of fire during the process of vegetation formation in dry and hot valley areas of China. The results show that when the temperature was higher than 40 ℃, the germination rate of D. viscosa seeds was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the heat shock effect was apparent. The germination rate was the highest when the seeds were treated at 80 ℃ for 10 min, reaching 63.00%±2.55%. There was still a significant heat shock effect on the D. viscosa seeds which were stored for one year. In comparison with the conventional method of soaking seeds in hot water, the germination rate of D. viscose seeds which were treated at high temperature before germination increased significantly.

Carbon spheres prepared via solvent-thermal reaction method and their microstructures after high temperature treatment

Carbon spheres with size of 50-300 nm were synthesized via a solvent-thermal reaction with calcium carbide and chloroform as reactants in a sealed autoclave.The morphologies and microstructures of carbon spheres before and after high temperature treatment(HTT) were characterized by X-ray diffractometry(XRD) ,scanning electronic microscopy(SEM) ,energy diffraction spectroscopy(EDS) ,and transmission electron microscopy(TEM) .The formation mechanism of carbon spheres was discussed.The results indicate that the carbon spheres convert to hollow polyhedron through HTT.Carbon spheres are composed of entangled and curve graphitic layers with short range order similar to cotton structure,and carbon polyhedron with dimension of 50-250 nm and shell thickness of 15-30 nm.The change of solid spheres to hollow polyhedron with branches gives a new evidence for formation mechanism of hollow carbon spheres.

Effect of high temperature heat treatment on pH value of Masson Pine wood

Heat-treated wood has good dimensional stability,corrosion resistance and visual quality,but it is prone to mold,which limits its application.Based on the pH value of heat-treated wood,this study examines the factors affecting the pathogenesis causing heat-treated wood mold.Normally,the pH value of the heat-treated wood is between 4.38 and 5.10,which is suitable for the growth of mold.However,the pH of the heat-treated copper-containing material is between 6.63 and 7.12,which deviates the treated wood from the comfortable growth conditions for the mold,thereby reducing the occurrence of mold.

High temperature mechanical behavior of low-pressure sand-cast Mg-Gd-Y-Zr magnesium alloy

The aim of this work is firstly to optimize T6 heat-treatment of low-pressure sand-cast Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.5Zr alloy,and then systematically investigate the mechanical behavior of the T6-treated alloy from room temperature to 300℃.It turned out that the optimum T6 heat-treatments for the tested alloy are 525℃×12 h+225℃×14 h and 525℃×12 h+250℃×12 h which integrated age-hardening and tensile properties into account,respectively.The strength of the T6-treated alloy indicates obvious anomalous temperature dependence from room temperature to 300℃,namely both ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of the tested alloy firstly increase with tensile temperature,and then decrease as temperature increases further.Elongation increased with temperature monotonously.The tensile fracture mode of the tested alloy changes from transgranular fracture to intergranular fracture with the increasing of test temperature.

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON OXIDATION PROPERTIES OF C/C COMPOSITES FABRICATED BY HIGH PRESSURE IMPREGNATION CARBONIZATION

Felt base carbon/carbon composites fabricated by super-high pressure impregnation carbonization process (SPIC) were heat treated at high temperature 2773K. The oxidation properties of felt base carbon/carbon composites were investigated at different temperatures (773-1173K), and the microstructures of carbon/carbon composites were studied by SEM and X-ray diffraction. The experimental results showed that the inter-laminar distance of (002) plane (d002) deceased while the microcrystalline stack height (Lc) increased. The oxidation rate of felt base carbon/carbon composites was invari-able at certain temperatures. The oxidation mechanism of carbon/carbon composites changed remarkably at the oxidation temperature 973K. At the initial oxidation stage of carbon/carbon composites, carbon matrix was oxidized much more rapidly than carbon felt.

Low-temperature Rapid Synthesis of Ultrafine Hafnium Carbide Ceramic Powders

Nano hafnium carbide（HfC） powders were synthesized by sol-gel combining hightemperature rapid heat treatment process using citric acid and hafnium tetrachloride as the raw materials. The effects of ball milling treatment on the phase and morphology of pyrolysis products（HfO_2-C） and final HfC product were investigated and the influences of heat treatment temperature and holding time on the structure and properties of the synthesized hafnium carbide powders were also studied. The experimental results showed that the HfO_2-C powders with good uniformity and small particle size were prepared by controlling the milling time. Pure HfC powders with an average particle size of 500 nm were obtained at 1 700 ℃ with a holding time of 3 min, and the oxygen content was about 0.69 wt%, lower than that of the hafnium carbide powders prepared by SPS（0.97%）.

高海拔严寒地区隧道冻害研究现状及展望

针对高海拔严寒地区隧道冻害问题,结合隧道冻害的相关研究,从冻害类型及原因分析、冻害机制、温度场、处置措施等4个方面的现状进行阐述和分析,对当前研究存在的不足和未来的发展方向进行探讨。主要成果为:1)通过对高海拔严寒地区隧道工程实例进行分析,总结4种冻害类型及4种冻害原因;2)基于含水风化层冻胀理论、整体性围岩冻胀理论、衬砌背后积水冻胀理论、裂隙水冻胀理论等4种冻胀理论,建立多年冻土区以整体性围岩冻胀理论为主、季冻区以裂隙水冻胀理论为主的多理论联合分析的方法;3)温度场研究方法分为现场监测、理论解析、模型试验、数值模拟等4种,其中现场监测是对洞内外温度进行监测,而理论分析、模型试验、数值模拟则是对监测结果进行验证分析;4)冻害处置措施有防排水措施、保温防寒措施、抗冻措施等3种,防冻的关键是将三者相结合进行综合治理;5)指出冻害机制适用性、温度场研究方法现状、处置措施适用性等方面的不足,未来应在高海拔严寒地区建立多种冻胀理论、多种研究方法综合应用的研究体系,并在隧道防排水、保温防寒、抗冻等方面给出处置措施。

高温和液氮处理对马棘种子萌发能力的影响

马棘为豆科木兰属多年生小灌木,具有较高的饲用及生态价值,但自然条件下种子的发芽率低,研发提高马棘种子萌发能力的技术措施,将为马棘的推广应用提供重要支撑。本试验以2022年收获的马棘种子为试材,进行不同时间的高温(60℃)、液氮及其组合预处理,并开展发芽实验。其中,液氮和高温分别设计了4个种子处理时间,液氮处理的时间分别为0.5、1、2、5min;高温(60℃)处理的时间分别为10、30、60、180min;组合处理包括先高温后液氮处理及先液氮后高温处理两种方式;试验处理有自然萌发条件下的对照(CK)、8个单一处理及32个组合处理,共计41个。种子发芽周期结束后计算种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数及平均萌发时间,并利用隶属函数的方法评价不同处理对马棘种子发芽能力的影响。马棘种子自然条件下发芽率为55%,不同时间高温处理对种子发芽率的提升作用不显著(P>0.05);用液氮处理马棘种子1min后,发芽率可达78.5%,显著高于CK(P<0.05);先高温后液氮组合处理中,高温30min+液氮5min、高温60min+液氮2min两处理发芽率可达80%;先液氮后高温组合处理中,液氮1min+高温60min发芽率最高,可达82.5%,比CK发芽率高27.5%。液氮1min+高温60min处理,能显著提高马棘种子的发芽能力,且该方法处理种子,操作简单,耗时短,生产实用性强,值得推广。

咖啡果小蠹的假死行为及短时高温对其致死作用

咖啡果小蠹[Hypothenemus hampei(Ferrari)]是2019年新入侵海南的一种严重威胁全世界咖啡生产的害虫,对海南甚至全国咖啡产业的健康发展构成重大威胁。为尽快了解咖啡果小蠹的习性,以及为今后该害虫的防控技术提供基础数据,本研究观察了咖啡果小蠹的假死行为和耐饥能力,并探讨短时高温对其致死效应。结果表明:24 h不饲喂任何食料对咖啡果小蠹成虫的假死行为无显著影响;45℃短时高温处理2 h显著提高了咖啡果小蠹成虫出现假死反应的比例和时长,假死反应出现比例达72.0%,假死时长为320.33 s,显著高于26℃下的假死时长(43.26 s)。咖啡果小蠹成虫具有较强的耐饥能力,在不提供任何食料的情况下,其最长存活时间可达204 h,平均存活时长达90.17 h。咖啡果小蠹成虫经短时高温处理后,处理温度与处理时长均显著影响其存活率,随着处理温度的升高及处理时间的延长,死亡率逐渐增加。45℃处理6 h后校正死亡率达94.92%;处理12 h的死亡率达100%;36℃和39℃处理6 h及以下时长对咖啡果小蠹的存活能力影响较小,36℃和39℃处理6 h,处理后24 h的校正死亡率分别为16.94%和23.73%。不同短时高温处理的半致死时间(Lt50)表现为随处理温度的升高而缩短,且随着观察时间的延长,Lt50随着缩短,其中45℃处理后24 h和48 h的Lt50最短,分别为3.11 h和2.70 h;36℃处理的Lt50最长,分别为17.85 h和11.42 h。不同短时高温处理6 h,处理后24 h和48 h的半致死温度(LT50)分别为39.53℃和38.66℃,LT50随观察时间的延长而降低。

PCB中耐高温有机可焊保护剂成膜机理及性能研究

印制电路板铜焊盘表面生成耐高温有机可焊保护剂(HT-OSP)膜是克服无铅高温回流焊工艺并获得良好焊点的关键。选用2-[(2,4-二氯苯基)甲基]-1H-苯并咪唑(C_(14)H_(10)Cl_(2)N_(2))作为成膜剂,在铜层表面生成了HT-OSP膜。理论计算结合对比实验,研究C_(14)H_(10)Cl_(2)N_(2)分子与Cu原子反应生成HT-OSP膜机理。基于量子化学密度泛函理论,模拟C_(14)H_(10)Cl_(2)N_(2)分子与Cu^(+)之间的络合反应;利用红外光谱对HT-OSP膜中的特征官能团进行表征;借助X射线光电子能谱测试HT-OSP膜中Cu元素的化合价;设计对比实验分析Cu^(2+)对生成HT-OSP膜的影响。结果表明:HT-OSP膜生成机理是C_(14)H_(10)Cl_(2)N_(2)分子与Cu原子发生反应生成HT-OSP膜并沉积在铜层表面,Cu^(2+)通过络合反应促进HT-OSP膜生长。另外,HT-OSP膜的分解温度高达531℃,HT-OSP膜保护的铜层放置在自然环境中180天没有被氧化,证明HT-OSP膜具有优异的耐热性和抗氧化性。

杨木旧材高温作用后力学性能试验研究

依托新疆玉儿滚军垦旧址保护项目,采用火灾后未过火原木制作杨木旧材的标准无疵小试样,考虑温度、恒温时间两种因素高温处理试样并进行抗拉、抗压力学性能试验,探究木材顺纹和横纹方向上的主要力学性能演化规律。在试验基础上,建立了顺纹杨木旧材抗压本构模型。试验结果表明:高温处理后,顺纹木材抗压强度整体下降幅度为15%~30%,横纹木材抗压强度整体下降幅度为20%~50%;顺纹木材和横纹木材的抗拉强度均显著下降,为25%~62%。建立的本构模型曲线与试验结果相比,误差在10%以内,可适用于相应木材力学性能分析。

Optimal design of self-propagating high temperature one-dimensional nano-SnO_2 synthesis

The success in synthesizing high purity SnO2 nanobelts via self-propagating high tem- perature synthesis was achieved. According to the experimental results, a relationship between the residual heat of the reaction system at 2848 K and SnO2 nanobelts yield was identified. The most appropriate formula for this self-propagating high tempera- ture synthesis method is turned out to be composed of Sn powder and thermite with weight ratio of 1：1.

固溶和时效处理对新型低钴高温合金组织和高温力学性能的影响

采用真空感应熔炼方法制备了一种新型低钴高温合金,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和电子万能试验机等研究了固溶处理和高温时效处理对合金组织和高温拉伸性能的影响。结果表明:低钴高温合金铸态组织中包含(γ+γ′)共晶组织、富W/Ta的MC_((1))碳化物和富Ta/Hf的MC_((2))碳化物,以及大小两种尺寸的γ′相,Hf、Ta元素明显偏析于枝晶间。随着固溶温度升高和时间延长,(γ+γ′)共晶组织逐渐回溶、元素偏析消除,小尺寸γ′相的含量升高。固溶过程中MC_((1))碳化物逐渐溶解,边缘转变为富W的M6C型碳化物,MC_((2))中Hf含量升高而Ta含量降低。经1295℃固溶处理6 h及1090℃高温时效8 h后,合金中的共晶组织的体积分数降至1.3%,具有较好的高温拉伸性能。