Logical Interpretation of China’s Science and Technology Development Strategy in the New Era

It has been recognized that self-reliance and self-improvement of science and technology is a necessary choice of taking the independent innovation path with Chinese characteristics in the new era,which provides strategic support for the comprehensive construction of a modern socialist country.Containing the theoretical truth of the Chinese Marxist view of science and technology in the 21st century,it follows the 70-year development path of science and technology in New China,and responds to the scientific and technological strategic choice of building a modern socialist country in an all-round way in the new era.This is not only a theoretical deepening of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important statement on scientific and technological innovation,but also a practical guide for China to implement scientific and technological innovation in the new era.

A new approach to assessing the science and technology competitiveness of China's provincial academies of sciences

Purpose: This study aims to establish a new framework for evaluating science and technology(S&T) competitiveness that is appropriate to meet the needs of provincial academies of sciences(PASs) in China.Design/methodology/approaches: An evaluation index, including such assessing indicators as research strength, research impact, research development and trends, and regional contributions, is developed for China's PASs. Taking the Jiangxi Academy of Sciences(JXAS) as an example, we first explain how to apply this framework to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of PASs in China. Then, we compare the results of all 17 PASs in order to get a comprehensive understanding of their competitiveness.Findings: Our results show the development path, current status, innovation advantages, and weaknesses of JXAS very clearly. Based on our comparative analysis, we ranked the 17 PASs from the perspective of different dimensions, by which their competitiveness strengths and weaknesses can be highlighted for improvement.Research limitations: In this analysis, we did not take S&T policies, S&T systems, or historical factors into consideration. Thus, we may have ignored the influence of the soft individual differences of different PASs in China.Practical implications: The evaluation index developed in this paper provides a useful insight into an analytical method that can be used by PASs or other provincial research institutions(PRIs) to assess their competitiveness.Originality/value: Compared with existing evaluation frameworks, our method has two main characteristics: First, we added three new dimensions, including the PASs' applicable research outputs, regional contributions, and comparative advantages; second, we conducted a comparative analysis of local research institutes in their different advantaged industrial areas, which makes our analytical method more comprehensive for local research institutions.

A Novel Metric for Assessing National Strength in Scientific Research:Understanding China’s Research Output in Quantum Technology through Collaboration

Purpose:The 5th Plenary Session of the 19th Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee clearly states that developing science and technology through self-reliance and self-strengthening provides the strategic underpinning for China’s development.Based on this background,this paper explores a metric model for assessing national scientific research strength through collaboration on research papers.Design/methodology/approach:We propose a novel metric model for assessing national scientific research strength,which sets two indicators,national scientific self-reliance(SR)and national academic contribution(CT),to reflect“self-reliance”and“self-strengthening”respectively.Taking the research papers in quantum technology as an example,this study analyzes the scientific research strength of various countries around the world,especially China in quantum technology.Findings:The results show that the research of quantum technology in China has always been relatively independent with fewer international collaboration papers and located in a more marginal position in cooperation networks.China’s academic contribution(CT)to global quantum technology research is increasing and has been greater than that of the United States in 2020.Combining the two indicators,CT and SR,China’s research strength in the quantum field closely follows the United States,and the United States is the most powerful with high research autonomy.Research limitations:This paper only reflects China’s scientific research strength in quantum technology from collaboration on research papers and doesn’t consider the segmentation of quantum technology and the industrial upstream and downstream aspects,which need further study.Practical implications:The model is helpful to better understand the national scientific research strength in a certain field from“self-reliance”and“self-strengthening”.ScienceOriginality/value:We propose a novel metric model to measure the national scientific research strength from the perspective of“self-reliance”and“self-strengthening”,which provides a solid basis for the assessment of the strength level of scientific research in countries/regions and institutions.

Boosting China's National Strength in Strategic Science and Technology by Taking Advantage of the New System for Mobilizing Resources Nationwide

To take advantage of the new system for mobilizing resources nationwide to boost China's national strength in strategic science and technology,it is essential to strengthen the leadership by the Communist Party of China(CPC)and to guide the development of China's strength in strategic science and technology in line with the Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era.For this purpose,high-level platforms for innovation should be built quickly,and refined through the introduction of major national projects.Furthermore,institutional frameworkssshould be continuously innovated,while open and inclusive development should be continued.

科技自立自强背景下的新型举国体制:基本内涵、适用范围与构建思路

进入新发展阶段,实现高水平科技自立自强成为中国统筹发展与安全的战略支撑和必然要求。其中,构建和完善关键核心技术攻关新型举国体制是实现科技自立自强的关键举措。本文认为,科技自立自强背景下进一步健全新型举国体制需要把握以下重点:在基本内涵上,理解新型举国体制的关键是同时抓住“举国”这个原内核和“新型”这个新内核,正确认识两个内核的关系;在适用范围上,运用新型举国体制的前提是提出需求明确、仅靠市场竞争难以突破的战略科技任务,并注意适用范围的动态演化性;在构建思路上,要围绕充分发挥国家作为重大科技创新组织者的作用,以系统化思维推进相关改革,强化中央层面的决策指挥体系,完善技术攻关组织管理体系,建立适配新型举国体制的政策体系;在推进实施上,应根据事项轻重缓急和难易程度等因素,确定当前重点。

科技金融高质量发展的路径选择和重点方向

在新一轮科技革命和产业变革加速演变的背景下,科技创新成为现代化大国竞争的焦点。新时代高水平科技自立自强,需要发挥金融“加速器”的强大推力作用,形成“科技—产业—金融”良性循环。基于我国基本国情和基本经济金融制度,探索科技金融发展的中国路径,可从科技金融政策制度创新、组织人才专业化发展、科技企业全生命周期生态经营、风险管理与科创规律相适应、科技金融基础设施一体化建设等五个重点方向着手,做好科技金融大文章,为新时代高水平科技自立自强贡献金融力量。

为强农兴农贡献青春力量——深入学习习近平总书记给中国农业大学科技小院的同学们的回信

习近平总书记给中国农业大学科技小院的同学们的回信充分肯定了科技小院探索形成的加快推进乡村人才振兴、培养知农爱农兴农的农业高层次应用型人才的“三位一体”的新模式,指明了科技小院为加快农业强国建设提供人才支撑的重要作用,高度评价了科技小院的同学们的人生追求和道路选择,为新时代青年运动和青年发展指明了光明未来和正确方向,极大地鼓舞了新时代中国青年以“自找苦吃”的精神气质在乡村振兴的大舞台上建功立业,在新时代新征程为强国建设、民族复兴奉献青春力量。

习近平关于科技自立自强重要论述的理论贡献

习近平关于科技自立自强重要论述的理论贡献可以从多个层面进行阐释。从继创性贡献来说,强调“继承+创新”的认知模式,基于对马克思主义经典作家和中国共产党人科技思想的科学认知与能动把握,具体表现在对马克思主义生产力理论、劳动价值理论和人的全面发展理论等的继承与创新。从集创性贡献来说,强调“集成+创新”的认知模式,着眼于“教育、科技、人才”的基础性、战略性支撑以及“提升国家创新体系整体效能”的核心较量两个方面,实现科技自立自强各要素间的高效联动与整体协同。从原创性贡献来说,强调“初始与创造”的认知模式,形成一系列富有创见的新思想新观点新论断新要求,生动展现科技自立自强的时代背景论、战略地位论、目标导向论、方针举措论、精神文化论和国际治理论的独特性。

强化国家战略科技力量:意义、要求与任务

强化国家战略科技力量是新时代实现中国科技自立自强、支撑全面建设社会主义现代化国家的必然选择,也是加快建设世界科技强国的关键举措。从高水平科技自立自强的视角出发,在应用国家创新系统观和整合式创新理论,深刻理解、准确把握强化国家战略科技力量的重大意义和时代要求基础上,应当进一步明确强化国家战略科技力量的理论基础、战略逻辑与主要任务,通过强化顶层设计统筹系统布局、加强基础研究体系整体布局等任务举措,助力实现高水平科技自立自强,加快构建新发展格局,推动高质量发展。

社会主义现代化强国视域下的科技创新:历史演进、内涵特征和实现路径

在百年奋斗的各个历史时期,中国共产党领导人民不懈奋斗,不断加深对国家富强、人民幸福的认识,从实际出发诠释社会主义现代化建设的目标。新时代的总任务是实现社会主义现代化和中华民族伟大复兴,在全面建成小康社会的基础上分两步走,在21世纪中叶建成富强、民主、文明、和谐、美丽的社会主义现代化强国。一系列的强国目标是现代化强国总目标的任务分解。其中,科技强国、教育强国和人才强国是现代化强国总体目标和系列强国目标的基础性、战略性支撑。现代化强国对科技创新的核心需求是科技自立自强,应以“七个坚持”为政治原则,以“五大任务”为战略举措,强化科技自立自强对现代化强国的战略支撑。

美国国家战略科技力量的发展趋势及其对中国科技自立自强的启示

新时期全球竞争格局出现了重大转变,中国崛起的趋势与外部遏制压力之间的矛盾正在加剧。探讨中美科技博弈背景下美国国家战略科技力量的特征与趋势,对中国谋划国家战略科技力量建设的总路线图、应对科技革命和产业变革、提升国际竞争能力具有重要意义。本研究探讨了大国博弈与国家使命双重导向下的中美科技发展形势,提出美国国家战略科技力量以建立全球绝对领先优势为总目标,并分解为战略安全、技术安全、国防安全、产业安全四个子目标,进而协同政治引导力量、科技研发力量、军工战备力量、企业实施力量四大力量,在场景变化、技术预见、国家实验室改革、人才组织、军民融合、产业载体、数字转型等方面呈现最新发展趋势。本文从提高主动应对、构建技术预见系统、优化国家实验室管理和运行体系、推动军民融合发展、增强产业自主可控、发挥领军型企业的主体作用、加强数字经济支撑等角度进行总结,为中国实现科技自立自强提供启示。

Structure of National Science and Technology Competitiveness: A Methodological and Empirical Study

This paper clearly defines the concepts of the national competitiveness,the national S&T competitiveness,and the national S&T competitiveness structure.It develops an evaluation framework with three dimensions:the national S&T competitive potential,the national S&T competitive strength and the national S&T competitive effectiveness.This paper proposes a structure analysis method and depicts the national S&T competitiveness structure of 35 countries in an empirical research.Apart from the definitions and the structure analysis method,this paper mainly draws the following conclusions:(1)In the one-dimensional national S&T competitiveness structure,the top 5 countries were all developed countries in 2015,while the developing countries generally performed better than developed countries considering the average annual growth rate of the national S&T competitiveness index.The 35 countries are clustered into 4 categories using the two-dimensional structure analysis method.For example,based on the ranking of the national S&T competitive strength index and the national S&T competitive effectiveness index of the 35 countries in 2015,the 35 countries are clustered into four categories:high-strength and higheffectiveness,low-strength and high-effectiveness,low-strength and low-effectiveness,and high-strength and low-effectiveness.(2)To a large extent,there is a significant correlation between the national S&T competitiveness index score and the GDP per capita value.And to a certain extent,there is some correlation between the national S&T competitiveness index score and the GDP value.Moreover,under the background of strength and effectiveness combination,or under the background of strength and potential combination,the national S&T competitiveness structure and GDP or GDP per capita show significant relationship.

基于ISOA-RBPNN的埋地管道剩余强度预测

为提高腐蚀管道剩余强度的预测精度,提出引入弹性梯度下降法改进BP神经网络,并融合改进海鸥优化算法(ISOA),构建腐蚀管道剩余强度预测模型。关于改进BP神经网络模型的参数寻优,首先采用Cat混沌映射初始化改进海鸥优化算法(SOA)初始种群的分布,提升寻优能力,优化SOA的搜索方向和攻击形式,增强其全局搜索能力并提高收敛速度,然后用ISOA对弹性BP神经网络(RBPNN)模型中的权值和阈值进行寻优,最后构建ISOA-RBPNN预测模型。以管道爆破数据为例,利用MATLAB进行仿真模拟,并与PSO-BPNN模型和IFA-BPNN模型预测结果进行对比分析。研究结果表明:ISOA-RBPNN模型的各项评价指标均优于其他2个模型,预测结果较实际值误差更小,在预测腐蚀管道剩余强度领域具有更好的性能,可为后续研究腐蚀管道剩余寿命和制定维修策略提供参考依据。

新发展格局下粤港澳大湾区科技创新“双循环”生态系统建设路径

在以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局加速构建的背景下,科技创新本身也要形成国内国际双循环,即以科技创新国内循环实现科技自立自强,以科技创新国际循环构建高水平开放创新格局。粤港澳大湾区的科技创新链条完善、产业链互补性强、创新生态环境不断优化、开放创新优势显著,但仍然面临基础研究能力有待提升、内外创新资源循环不畅、产业关键核心技术受制于人、产业发展未实现有效协同等问题,因此,提出构建粤港澳大湾区科技创新“双循环”生态系统。基于创新资源流动和配置视角,该系统包括创新主体与创新组织、创新资源与创新环境、创新集群与产业集群,其中科技创新资源为基础和前提,创新链为核心。以广深港、广珠澳科技创新走廊为轴的国内循环系统建设要着力提升源头创新能力,加强产业关键核心技术攻关,推动核心城市与周边城市科技产业协同发展,营造良好的创新生态;以“一带一路”为核心的国际循环系统建设要发挥港澳的国际化优势,推动国际合作向创新链源头延伸。同时,要通过完善创新资源自由流动机制、知识产权保护和运用机制、人才流动机制等,推动完善粤港澳大湾区科技创新国内国际双循环互促发展的动力机制。

中等应变率下不同配比充填体的动态力学特征

通过设计6种较低的冲击气压对4种配比的充填体试件进行室内SHPB冲击试验来探究充填体的应力-应变曲线特征、动态抗压强度与应变率关系以及破坏模式。充填体取自云南玉溪大红山的分级尾砂,充填体的灰砂质量比分别为1∶4、1∶6、1∶8、1∶10。冲击气压分别为0.20 MPa、0.22 MPa、0.24 MPa、0.26 MPa、0.28 MPa和0.30 MPa。研究结果表明:1)从应力-应变曲线可以看出,CTB1∶4和CTB1∶6到达应力峰值后卸载较快,表现为脆性材料的变形特性,CTB1∶8比CTB1∶10达到应力峰值后卸载阶段较为缓慢,CTB1∶10最为平缓;2)当平均应变率由10 s^(-1)增至50 s^(-1)时,配比动态抗压强度增长趋势陡峭程度CTB1∶4最陡,CTB1∶10最缓。试件CTB1∶4动态抗压强度受应变率的影响最明显;3)在应变率不变条件下,CTB1∶10的峰值应变更大,易发生变形。对配比相同的试件,CTB试件的损伤破坏程度随着应变率提高而不断增大。随着平均应变率的增加,试件由一定数量的大碎块向细小碎块甚至向粉末状的方向转化;4)当矿山使用料浆质量分数为72%的尾砂充填体时,推荐灰砂配比范围选择1∶6~1∶4。

腐殖酸对水泥土的腐蚀性初步试验研究

为了初步探究腐殖酸对水泥土的腐蚀性规律,试验采用向有机质含量较低的冲洪积黏性土中添加胡敏酸(Humic Acid,HA)和水泥的方法(掺入法)制成水泥土试样,并将其置于富里酸(Fulic Acid,FA)溶液和去离子水中浸泡(浸泡法)以模拟水泥土实际工作环境。当达到既定浸泡时间后,对水泥土进行表观现象观测试验、无侧限抗压强度试验和离子浸出试验,结果表明:1)HA掺入质量分数的增加会使水泥土强度(qu)逐渐降低,水泥土qu随浸泡时间的增长而增加。2)FA对水泥土初期qu具有增强作用,且水泥掺入质量分数越大,增强作用越明显。但随浸泡时间增长至180 d,试样qu逐渐降低,水泥土表面变得松散进而逐渐剥落。3)腐殖酸使水泥掺入质量分数较低的水泥土qu随浸泡时间的增长而降低,且HA与FA对试样的腐蚀表现出明显的协同作用,但随着水泥掺入质量分数的增加,其抗腐蚀性能有所提高。

英国国家战略科技力量建设与协同机制研究

本文通过对英国战略科技力量主要构成进行梳理,总结了英国在加强国家战略科技力量建设,以及促进不同战略科技力量之间协同的经验,在此基础上,提出了强化我国国家战略科技力量、促进战略科技力量协同的相关建议。

教育发展、科技创新、人才培养一体推进的价值维度

坚持教育发展、科技创新、人才培养一体推进,需要探索三者之间的内在联系,学界目前侧重将教育、科技、人才三者之中的一个作为逻辑基础或中介,缺乏对三者之间内在关系的阐释。从价值维度切入,可以建立三者之间的内在联系,并发现在一体推进中存在价值规范错位、伦理角色混乱、价值敏感性降低的价值一致性问题。形成统一价值立场、达成共识性价值导向、应用科技伦理治理政策工具,有助于解决价值一致性问题,也有助于提供教育发展、科技创新、人才培养一体推进中的价值融合路径,还有助于探索实施科教兴国战略,强化现代化建设人才支撑的价值导向。

习近平关于科技创新的重要论述及其实践进路

党的十八大以来,习近平把科技创新摆在国家发展全局的战略位置,提出了一系列关于科技创新的重要论述,形成了新时代党和国家推进科技创新工作、建设科技强国的思想体系。习近平关于科技创新的重要论述是在“两个大局”时代背景下对中国现阶段科技创新发展实际的准确把握和科学回应。当前,要从“为什么要坚持科技创新”“什么是科技创新的战略内涵”“科技创新面临哪些挑战”等核心议题入手,全面把握习近平关于科技创新重要论述的内容体系,从理论指导和实践引领两个维度,深刻理解习近平关于科技创新重要论述的价值意蕴。同时,要从坚持和加强党对科技事业的全面领导、以“四个面向”引领科技创新高质量发展、构建和完善新型科技创新举国体制、建立健全关键核心技术攻关人才培育机制等方面多措并举,积极践行习近平关于科技创新的重要论述,加快建设科技强国。

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