Effects of CeF_3 on properties of self-shielded flux cored wire

Effects of CeF3 on properties of self-shielded flux cored wire including welding process, inclusions in weld metal and mechanical properties are systematically studied. Welding smoke and spatter are reduced with the addition of CeF3. The main non-metallic inclusions in weld metal are AlN and Al2O3. CeF3 can refine non-metallic inclusions and reduce the amount of large size inclusions, which is attributed to the inclusion floating behavior during the solidification of weld metal. The low temperature impact toughness is improved by adding suitable amount of CeF3 in the flux.

STUDY ON METAL TRANSFER MODES OF SELF-SHIELDED FLUX-CORED WELDING WIRE

Metal transfer behavior of six kinds of self shielded flux cored wire(SSFCW) is studied using the apparatus of SSFCW high speed photography self made. Six kinds of metal transfer modes of SSFCW were obtained through observation for high speed photograph film and analysis. It is believed that the research is of magnificent for improving operative performance and mechanical properties of SSFCW and dynamics characteristic of welding power.

Predicting the composition of flux-cored wire claded metal by a neural network

In this paper, an artificial neural network method that can predict the chemical composition of deposited weld metal by CO 2 Shielded Flux Cored Wire Surfacing was studied. It is found that artificial neural network is a good approach on studying welding metallurgy processes that cannot be described by conventional mathematical methods. In the same time we explored a new way to study the no equilibrium welding metallurgy processes.

STUDYONANEWKINDOFPOWDER－FEEDINGAPPARATUSOFFLUX－COREDWIREPRODUCTIONLINE

A set of electromagnetic vibration powder feeding apparatus of the flux cored wire production line and its single chip controlling system have been designed in this paper. The parameters of the electromagnatic vibration powder feeding apparatus have been tested, the functional relation between powder feeding velocity V L and current I has been made out so that the controlling system can not only automatically make out the quantity of the powder according to the width of the steel belt, powder density, production speed and filling ratio, but also adjust the powder feeding speed according to the real production speed, keeping a stable filling ratio.

Investigation of the impact toughness of self- shielded flux- cored wire girth welds for X80 pipelines

Self-shielded flux-cored wire is a convenient and efficient consumable for pipeline field girth welding because of its self-protection characteristic and high deposition rate, especially for remote construction sites in rugged terrain. From the perspective of pipeline safety, the impact toughness of the girth welds is an important factor in pipeline integrity ,which determines the crack arrest behavior in the girth welds. Therefore, improving the girth weld impact toughness is of primary importance in the field of pipeline girth welding. Three self-shielded flux-cored wires comprising different chemical composition systems have been applied to large diameter X80 UOE （U-ing-O- ing-Expanding） pipeline semi-automatic girth welding,and the impact toughness of the welds has been evaluated by girth weld chemical composition analysis and microstructural analysis using scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and energy dispersive spectrometry （EDS） to investigate pipeline girth weld impact toughness and find ways to improve it. This helps in determining the main factors that influence girth weld impact toughness. Pipeline girth weld impact toughness is mainly determined by the final microstructure produced in the solid-state phase transition. In the as-weld state,acicular ferrite （AF） and fine bainite （FB） are a benefit to the impact toughness. For multilayer semiautomatic self-shielded flux-cored wire welding, the normalizing and tempering function of the latter beads to the initial beads plays an important role in the transition of girth weld microstructure, which affects the impact toughness. The original AF and FB and the corresponding heat treatment microstructure of the fine and uniform block ferrite and pearlite result in very good impact toughness. The following two mechanisms are found to promote the production of AF and FB in the girth weld. First, elements promoting the broadening of the austenitic region, such as Ni, C, Cu, and Mn, induce low temperature phase transitions and restrain the opposing function of Al, which is a benefit to the production of AF and FB. Second, dispersed high-melting-point inclusions, especially Al2O3 ,induce the nucleated production of AF. The advantageous function of inclusions is determined by their shape, distribution, and dimension. Dispersed spherical inclusions of small dimension are a benefit to the production of AF, and result in good impact toughness.

Effects of process parameters on the depth-to-width ratio of flux-cored wire underwater wet welding

The effects of process parameters on the depth-to-width ratio （D/W） of flux-cored wire underwater wet welding with a certain type of homemade .flux-cored wire are studied. It is found that the welding .speed, wire feeding speed and torch oscillating amplitude hare significant effects on the dopth-to-width ratio （D/W） of welds. The D/W ratio of welds increases significantly with the increase of welding speed without the oscillating of welding torch. It increased （from 0. 14 to 0. 26 ） with the increase of wire feeding speed while the torch oscillating. And it decreased linearly with the increase of torch oscillating amplitude. However, the influelwe of oscillating speed, wire extension and welding voltage on the D/W ratio of welds was not obvious.

Effect of oxygen-containing additives on weld penetration in self-shielded flux cored arc welding

The effect of Fe203 and Liz CO3 additives in flux core on the weld metal oxygen content and weld penetration in self-shielded flux cored arc welding were studied schematically. The result shows that the oxygen content in the weld metal and weld penetration both increased with the Fe203 addition increased in the range of 5 wt. % to 20 wt. %. The oxygen content in the weld metal was increased with the Li2CO3 addition increased in the range of 1 wt. % to 8 wt. %. However, the weld penetration decreased when Li2CO3 addition exceeding 4 wt. %. High-speed photographic images show that when Fe2O3 addition influx core exceeding 15 wt. %, droplet became excessively large, so that spatters were frequently generated in large numbers. In this study, Fe203 and Li2 CO3 in the amount of 11 wt. % and 4 wt. %, respectively, jointly added in the flux core can achieve a deeper weld penetration with sound usability characteristics.

Investigation on mechanism of fixing nitrogen in self-shielded flux cored arc welding

Prevention of nitrogen porosity in weld metal deposited with self-shielded flux cored wire with CaF2-TiO2-MgO slag system can be accomplished by using a 'killing agent' such as titanium to react with nitrogen dissolved in the weld metal. The amount of titanium needed to prevent porosity is calculated thermodynamically for various dissolved nitrogen levels. Experimental flux cored wires are used to verify the thermodynamic model. It is concluded that approximately 0.11 wt% titanium in the weld deposit is need to prevent nitrogen porosity when welding without externally applied shielding.

Droplet Transfer Behavior of Flux Cored Wire TIG Welding

This paper puts forward a new method to achieve flux cored wire TIG welding and uses high-speed photography to analyze the droplet transfer behavior and forces acting on the droplet. The droplet transfer forms include bridging transfer, slag column guided transfer, and non-contact transfer; each of these forms may be observed as the melting position of the welding wire changes. The important role of surface tension in the process of droplet transfer is proposed using static force balance theory and pinch instability theory. The phenomenon of droplet backward swing during welding process could be attributed to the vapor recoil force produced by vapors from the droplet. The welding experiments show that the proposed welding process is stable and that the weld quality produced is good.

STUDY ON FLUX-CORED WIRE FOR ELECTRIC ARC SPRAYING AND PROPERTIES OF COATING

According to the characteristics of electric arc spraying technology and abrasion of boiler piping,a flux cored wire SMD 45 for electric arc spraying is developed The experimental results show that the surface hardness of the coating reaches 60～65 HR and the adhesive strength between the coating and base is 23～28 MPa The wearability of the coating sprayed by the wire is 5 times than that of ordinary steel pipe Applying the wire to the heated surface,the life of the economizer pipe is doubly increased No local desquamation,rust and abrasion can be examined during more than one year's service.

Formation Mechanism of Inclusion in Self-Shielded Flux Cored Arc Welds

The formation mechanism of inclusion in welds with different aluminum contents was determined based on thermodynamic equilibrium in self-shielded flux cored arc welds.Inclusions in welds were systematically studied by optical microscopy,scanning microscopy and image analyzer.The results show that the average size and the contamination rate of inclusions in low-aluminum weld are lower than those in high-aluminum weld.Highly faceted AlN inclusions with big size in the high-aluminum weld are more than those in low-aluminum weld.As a result,the low temperature impact toughness of low-aluminum weld is higher than that of high-aluminum weld.Finally,the thermodynamic analysis indicates that thermodynamic result agrees with the experimental data.

Research on the abrasive wear resistance of YDCrMoV coating produced by CO_2 shielded flux-cored wire surfacing

Caterpillar construction machines play an important part in many fields such as hydraulic and electric engineering, the construction of highway, for its particular of structure. The walking system of caterpillar construction machines is always under the condition of three-body abrasive wear. The abrasive wear of walking system is very severe, which always results in damages of components or structures of walking system of caterpillar construction machines. It is very important to repair the walking system by cladding technique. The abrasive wear properties of four kinds coatings produced by the shielded flux-cored wire surfacing for the repair of the damaged components of walking system of caterpillar construction machines have been studied experimentally on an MLS-23 type wet sand rubber wheel abrasive tester. The surfaces morphologies of the abrasively worn specimens and their microstructures are investigated by transmitting electron microscopy (TEM) after wear testing. Results show that the wear mechanism of cladding metals of the flux-cored wire No.1 and the No.2 is micro-cutting while that of the No.3 and the No.4 is micro-ploughing. The four kinds of flux-cored wire coatings present great potential applications for the repairing of caterpillar construction machines in the Three Gorges Engineering.

Improvement of Critical Heat Flux Performance by Wire Spacer

In order to investigate the coolability of a tight lattice core in BWR （boiling water reactors）, an experiment of CHF （critical heat flux） was conducted using a single heater pin flow channel with and without a wire spacer with the mass flux ranged from 200 kg/（m2.s） to 600 kg/（m2·s）, the inlet temperature from 50 ℃ to 90 ℃ at the pressure of 0.1 MPa. The results of CHF values were compared between two different types of heater pin with and without the wire spacer. The heat removability of flow channel was improved by the wire spacer in comparison with the heater pin flow channel without the wire spacer. The CHF value was higher in the heater pin channel with the wire spacer than in that without the wire spacer.

Enhancement of Critical Heat Flux in Tight Rod Bundle with Wire Spacer

The experiment of CHF （critical heat flux） was conducted for water boiling two-phase flow in three-pin tight rod bundle. The effects of with and without wire spacers and the pitch to diameter ratio p/d on CHF were investigated under the conditions of mass flux range 250-430 kg/（m2·s）, inlet temperature from 70 ℃ to 92 ℃ and the pressure of 0.1 MPa. The CHF was enhanced by wire spacers in comparison with the results of CHF without wire spacers. The CHF was enhanced by reducing thep/dfrom 1.18 to 1.10 under the same flow rate condition, although it did not change appreciably with the change ofp/d under the same mass flux condition.

钛型气保护药芯焊丝工艺质量影响因素综述

综述了涉及钛型气保护药芯焊丝工艺质量的影响因素。结果表明,合理选用药芯添加物,严格控制熔敷金属中主要强化元素C、Mn、Si的含量,可以改善焊丝熔滴过渡形态,获得焊丝熔敷金属满意的力学性能。在Ar+CO_(2)二元混合保护气体中,随着CO_(2)含量增大,熔滴过渡形态从轴向变为非轴向滴状排斥过渡,接头的抗拉强度几乎没有影响,但熔敷金属的冲击吸收能明显下降。热输入较大时,焊丝工艺性变差;热输入居中时,焊丝工艺性较好。热输入对焊丝熔敷金属韧性的影响出现了对热输入敏感和不敏感两种情况。钛型气保护药芯焊丝工艺质量的三个影响因素控制原理各具特色。

Mn和B元素对电弧熔覆高铬铸铁熔覆层显微组织和耐磨性能的影响

电弧熔覆技术是一种成本低且效率高的再制造技术,而高铬铸铁焊丝是常见的耐磨药芯焊丝体系之一。为了探究Mn和B元素对Q345钢板表面高铬铸铁药芯焊丝电弧熔覆再制造层的组织、硬度和耐磨性能的影响,采用光学显微镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪、摩擦磨损试验机、超景深显微镜和电子显微镜等对熔覆层的显微组织、元素组成、硬度分布、磨损过程和机理进行了表征分析。结果表明,在电弧熔覆过程中,电解锰和硼铁粉末发生溶解,与熔覆层中元素相互作用形成块状和板条状的初生碳化物及共晶组织。各熔覆层的组织主要有M_(7)C_(3)(M为Fe、Cr和Mn)、M_(3)C、Fe_(23)(C,B)_(6)、马氏体和残余奥氏体等相存在。随着Mn、B含量的增加,熔覆层表面的硬度逐渐上升。增加了质量分数0.70%的Mn元素的熔覆层硬度相对高铬铸铁熔覆层提升10.64%。继续添加质量分数1.20%的B元素,熔覆层表面硬度进一步提升。熔覆层表面耐磨性随着Mn和B含量的增加呈现出先上升后下降的趋势。C、Mn和B的质量分数分别为4.00%、0.80%和0.80%熔覆层的耐磨性能最高,为Q345的23.06倍。

Q460NH耐候钢药芯焊丝焊接接头力学性能与组织研究

Q460NH是低合金高强度耐候钢,采用自制的CHT81W2药芯焊丝进行焊接,得到组织合理、力学性能良好的焊接接头。焊缝金相组织主要为先共析铁素体、板条铁素体、针状铁素体以及粒状贝氏体;热影响区组织主要有板条贝氏体和粒状贝氏体;焊缝、热影响区、母材的显微硬度呈梯度分布,并且依次下降。焊接接头各区的低温冲击韧性均达到标准规定的要求,具有良好的冲击性能;母材的断裂方式以延性断裂为主,断口微观形貌主要是韧窝;焊缝及热影响区的断口微观形貌为韧窝+准解理形貌。

TiC对亚共晶高铬铸铁堆焊合金组织及磨损性能的影响

农机触土部件在作业过程中会受到土壤中沙石、杂草、植物的秸秆、根茬及其他有机质物体的磨损和冲击,极易发生失效报废。为解决农机触土部件耐磨性差、使用寿命短等问题,采用药芯焊丝电弧焊的方法在Q235钢基体上进行堆焊,制备含TiC的亚共晶高铬铸铁堆焊耐磨层。通过金相显微镜、洛氏硬度计、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、MLS-225型湿式橡胶轮磨粒磨损试验机和自制叶轮-滚筒冲击磨损试验装置,分析原位合成TiC和粉芯中直接添加TiC两种方法对亚共晶高铬铸铁堆焊合金微观组织、硬度、抗磨粒磨损性能及抗冲击磨损性能的影响。结果表明:耐磨堆焊合金主要由γ-Fe、α-Fe、M_(7)C_(3)和TiC组成,TiC的加入细化了组织中的先析出奥氏体,使得堆焊层宏观硬度增加,磨粒磨损后共晶碳化物的开裂和剥落现象减少,冲击磨损表面材料的脱落减少,磨损失重降低。TiC可以显著提高堆焊合金的抗磨粒磨损性能和抗冲击磨损性能,其中原位合成方式添加TiC的堆焊层性能更加优异,可为TiC在农机触土部件耐磨涂层中的研究和应用提供参考。

双脉冲自保护药芯焊丝电弧焊工艺稳定性

鉴于自保护药芯焊丝在野外焊接的重要性,尤其对于野外大型机械等关键零部件的应急修复,提高其焊接成形精度至关重要,因此研究了自保护药芯焊丝在双脉冲电弧模式下的工艺稳定性.为了实现电弧焊工艺稳定性的有效控制,采用单因素试验研究了双脉冲参数对焊接过程稳定性的影响,发现熔滴平均尺寸与电流变异系数关系密切,因此,选取强弱脉冲频率、占空比、强弱脉冲峰值和基值7个双脉冲参数作为输入值,建立一种基于RBF-BP神经网络的熔滴平均尺寸预测模型,结果表明,该预测模型有效、可行,为控制熔滴过渡过程稳定性提供了技术支撑.

等离子熔覆硼化物覆层的耐蚀性

采用等离子熔覆技术将自制的Mo-Fe-B-Cr药芯焊丝熔覆在316L不锈钢表面制备了硼化物覆层,通过扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和显微硬度计对硼化物覆层的组织、成分、物相和显微硬度进行分析,并通过电化学试验和中性盐雾试验对覆层的耐蚀性进行研究。结果表明:硼化物覆层主要由MO_(2)FeB_(2)、(Mo,Fe,Cr)3B_(2)、α-Fe和Fe_(23)(C,B)6组成,其显微硬度约为不锈钢基体的3.9倍;在中性环境中硼化物覆层的耐蚀性略低于316L不锈钢,而在酸性环境中硼化物覆层的耐蚀性要优于316L不锈钢;在中性盐雾腐蚀过程中,硼化物覆层表面会生成致密性良好的钝化膜,从而使覆层具备良好的耐蚀性。因此,硼化物覆层在拥有高硬度的同时还兼具良好的耐蚀性。