The enormous change of the earlier 20thcentury has not only brought false prosperity to the society but also pushed people into spiritual wasteland. Indifference and alienation have replaced communication and trust am...The enormous change of the earlier 20thcentury has not only brought false prosperity to the society but also pushed people into spiritual wasteland. Indifference and alienation have replaced communication and trust among people or between one and self. By analyzing the alienation among people, the self-split of oneself and the reasons resulting these in William Faulkner's As I lay Dying, the concern of Faulkner about the social phenomenon and his pursuit of transcending the personal to a universal level will be better presented to us.展开更多
Laser ablation in liquids has emerged as a new branch of nanoscience for developing various nanomaterials with different shapes.However, how to design and control nanomaterial growth is still a challenge due to the un...Laser ablation in liquids has emerged as a new branch of nanoscience for developing various nanomaterials with different shapes.However, how to design and control nanomaterial growth is still a challenge due to the unique chemical-physical process chain correlated with nanomaterial nucleation and growth, including plasma phase(generation and rapid quenching), gas(bubble) phase,and liquid phase. In this review, through summarizing the literature about this topic and comparing with the well-established particle growth mechanisms of the conventional wet chemistry technique, our perspective on the possible nanoparticle growth mechanisms or routes is presented, aiming at shedding light on how laser-ablated particles grow in liquids. From the microscopic viewpoint, the nanoparticle growth contains six mechanisms, including LaMer-like growth, coalescence, Ostwald ripening, particle(oriented) attachment, adsorbate-induced growth and reaction-induced growth. For each microscopic growth mechanism, the vivid growth scenes of some representative nanomaterials recorded by TEM and SEM measurements are displayed. Afterwards,the scenes from the macroscopic viewpoint for the large submicro-and micro-scale nanospheres and anisotropic nanostructures formation and evolution from one nanostructure into another one are presented. The panorama of how diverse nanomaterials grow during and after laser ablation in liquids shown in this review is intended to offer a overview for researchers to search for the possible mechanisms correlated to their synthesized nanomaterials, and more expectation is desired to better design and tailor the morphology of the nanocrystals synthesized by LAL technique.展开更多
文摘The enormous change of the earlier 20thcentury has not only brought false prosperity to the society but also pushed people into spiritual wasteland. Indifference and alienation have replaced communication and trust among people or between one and self. By analyzing the alienation among people, the self-split of oneself and the reasons resulting these in William Faulkner's As I lay Dying, the concern of Faulkner about the social phenomenon and his pursuit of transcending the personal to a universal level will be better presented to us.
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2014CB931704)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11304315, 51401206, 11404338, 51371166, 51571186, and 11504375)the Chinese Academy of Sciences/State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs (CAS/SAFEA) International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams
文摘Laser ablation in liquids has emerged as a new branch of nanoscience for developing various nanomaterials with different shapes.However, how to design and control nanomaterial growth is still a challenge due to the unique chemical-physical process chain correlated with nanomaterial nucleation and growth, including plasma phase(generation and rapid quenching), gas(bubble) phase,and liquid phase. In this review, through summarizing the literature about this topic and comparing with the well-established particle growth mechanisms of the conventional wet chemistry technique, our perspective on the possible nanoparticle growth mechanisms or routes is presented, aiming at shedding light on how laser-ablated particles grow in liquids. From the microscopic viewpoint, the nanoparticle growth contains six mechanisms, including LaMer-like growth, coalescence, Ostwald ripening, particle(oriented) attachment, adsorbate-induced growth and reaction-induced growth. For each microscopic growth mechanism, the vivid growth scenes of some representative nanomaterials recorded by TEM and SEM measurements are displayed. Afterwards,the scenes from the macroscopic viewpoint for the large submicro-and micro-scale nanospheres and anisotropic nanostructures formation and evolution from one nanostructure into another one are presented. The panorama of how diverse nanomaterials grow during and after laser ablation in liquids shown in this review is intended to offer a overview for researchers to search for the possible mechanisms correlated to their synthesized nanomaterials, and more expectation is desired to better design and tailor the morphology of the nanocrystals synthesized by LAL technique.
