The Effect of Core Eccentricity on the Structural Behavior of Concrete Tall Buildings

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of core eccentricity on the structural behavior of concrete tall buildings.Concrete buildings of 55 floors with plan dimensions 48.0×48.0 m2 were investigated.Three cases of main core locations are studied:centric(A),eccentric by one sixth(B)and one third(C)of building width.The three-dimensional finite element method has been used in conducting structural analysis through ETABS software.Gravity and lateral(wind and seismic)loadings are applied to all building cases.It has been concluded that the core location is the prime parameter governing the structural behavior of tall buildings.Although the first two cases(A,B)have acceptable and similar structural behaviors conforming to code limits,in the third case(C),the building behavior came beyond code limits.The author introduced remedial action by adding two secondary cores in the opposite direction of the main core(C-R)to restore the building behavior to the code limits.The results of this action were satisfactory.

Model comparisons on molten core-concrete interactions

Based on the plant model of 600-MW PWR,the molten core-concrete interactions(MCCI) under different models are studied.Station blackout (SBO) with steam-driven auxiliary feed water pump failure is selected as the case for the model comparisons analysis.The result shows that thermal resistance model between debris and concrete has much influence on the consequence of MCCI.The concrete erosion rate calculated with gas film model is much higher than that of slag film model.Some other model comparisons such as the chemical reaction heat and the configuration molten pool are also discussed.

Design considerations and behavior of reinforced concrete core dams during construction and impounding

Reinforced concrete core dams can be an alternative solution to conventional dam designs either for permanent impounded reservoirs or flood protection and flood-retaining dams. Dams of this type have been constructed in Austria for various reasons and have shown good behavior during operation. For a better understanding of the load-deformation behavior of this type of dams during construction and impounding, numerical simulations were carried out. The interaction between the thin reinforced concrete core and the dam fill material as well as the influence of fill material properties and other main parameters, such as the roughness of the concrete surface and bedding conditions of the concrete core,on the deformation behavior of dams were examined. The results show that high compressive stress is mainly induced by arching effects in the dam body during construction. During the reservoir impounding, the compressive stresses in the core are reduced significantly while the bending moment in the core footing increases. The results also show that the maximum bending moments occur at the core footing and can be significantly reduced by design improvements. The findings in this study can provide general design recommendations for small dams with a central concrete core as a sealing blanket.

Stress-strain analysis of Aikou rockfill dam with asphalt-concrete core

Aikou rockfill dam with asphalt-concrete core is situated in a karst area in Chongqing City, China. In order to study the operative conditions of the rockfill dam, especially those of the asphalt-concrete core, the Duncan model is adopted to compute the stress and strain of both the rockfill dam and the asphalt-concrete core after karst grouting and other treatments. The results indicate that the complicated stress and deformation of both the dam body and the core are within reasonable ranges. It is shown that structure design and foundation treatment of the dam are feasible and can be used as a reference for other similar projects.

Expansive Performance of Self-stressing and Self-compacting Concrete Confined with Steel Tube

Combining with the technology of self-compacting concrete, self-stressing concrete and concrete-filled steel tube, we can get self-compacting and self-stressing concrete-filled steel tube. In order to study the expansive mechanism of self-stressing concrete, the continuous observation of 47 days on six specimens was carried on. The specimens have different steel area to concrete area ratio. The expansive process in hoop and axial direction were studied, and the expansive mechanism was discussed too. The experimental results identify that the creep and elastic deformation take a large proportion in effective free expansion. The calculating formulas of self-stress in hoop and axial directions were presented here.

Expansive Behaviors of Self-stressing Concrete under Different Restraining Conditions

The expansive behaviors of the expensive concrete under different restraining conditions were systemically studied. The experimental results indicate that expansive deformation obviously increases before 10 days and tends to be constant after 25 days regardless of the restraining conditions. The mixture ratio of expansive cement and restraining conditions are the main factors affecting expansive deformation. Self-stress can be obtained when the expansive deformation is restrained. The higher self-stress could be obtained when the expensive concrete is restrained by steel tube. For specimens under steel tube restraining, the wall thickness and the length of the steel tube have important influence on self-stress. Both the radial self-stress and axial self-stress in concrete core increase when wall thickness or length of the steel tube increases.

Fatigue tests of composite beam by steel fiber reinforced self-stressing concrete in the hogging bending

Through the experiments of 7 T-section composite beams, steel fiber reinforced self-stressing concrete （SFRSC） as the composite beam in the composite layer was studied under the hogging bending. The tests simulated composite layer tensile strain under the hogging bending of inverted loading composite beams, giving the relationship under the different fatigue stress ratios between fatigue cycles and steel bar’s stress range, crack width, stiffness loss and damage, etc., in composite layer. This article established fatigue life equation, and analyzed SFRSC reinforced mechanism to crack width and stiffness loss. The results show that SFRSC as the composite beam concrete has excellent properties of crack resistance and tensile, can reinforce the fatigue crack width and stiffness loss of composite beams, and improve the durability and in normal use of composite beams in the hogging bending zone.

Fatigue properties of special kind of reinforced concrete composite beams

The special reinforced concrete composite beam consists of a steel fiber reinforced self-stressing concrete composite layer and a reinforced concrete T-beam, and constructional bars are set up at their bonding interface. Fatigue properties of the composite beam under the action of negative moment were experimentally studied. Through inverted loading mode the load-beating state of a composite beam was simulated under the action of negative moment. With the ratios of constructional bars being 0, 0.082% and 0.164% respectively as parameters, the effects of constructional bars on the properties of composite beam, such as fatigue life, crack propagation, rigidity loss as well as damage behavior of bonding interface, were studied. The mechanism of the constructional bars on the fatigue properties of the composite beams and the restriction mechanism of crack widths and rigidity loss were analyzed. The test results show that the constructional bars can enhance the shear resistance of the bonding interface between composite layer and old concrete beam and restrict expanding of steel fiber reinforced self-stressing concrete, which are beneficial to synergistic action of composite layer and old concrete beam, to reducing the stress amplitude of bars and the crack width of composite layer, and to increasing the durability and fatigue life of the composite beam.

沥青混凝土心墙堆石坝心墙拱效应研究

心墙拱效应是影响土石坝安全稳定运行的重要因素,心墙力学特性复杂且受众多因素的影响,复杂地形地质条件对心墙拱效应具有重要影响。首先对比了直心墙、斜心墙、下直上斜式心墙拱效应的差异,在此基础上选取岸坡坡度、河谷宽度、覆盖层厚度以表征坝体所处的地形地质条件。基于数值计算定量研究复杂地质条件对沥青混凝土心墙拱效应的影响规律。结果表明:心墙应力拱效应主要集中在心墙中部3/4坝高附近及靠近岸坡处;斜心墙应力拱效应相对较小,可以很好地改善心墙的整体受力状况;岸坡变陡,斜心墙整体的拱效应强度增加,应力传递的核心区域由心墙中部拓宽至心墙两岸坡;随着河谷宽度的增加,应力传递的重心逐渐由底部转移到心墙两岸及心墙中上部;斜心墙整体的应力拱效应并非随着河谷宽度的增加单调变化,当坝轴线长度与坝高比值增加到3~4时,河谷产生的河谷效应对斜心墙变形及拱效应的影响大幅下降;随着覆盖层厚度的增加,斜心墙底部的拱效应明显增强,底部的拱效应系数分布逐渐集中化、区域化,容易产生局部破坏。

基岩中入射波三维时域反演及自由场构建

基岩入射波一维和二维时域反演不能反映入射方位角和斜入射角的空间任意性,导致构建的自由场可能与实际偏离较远,因此有必要开展基岩入射波三维时域反演研究。基于波函数组合法,利用基岩中P波、SV波和SH波的入射波时程表达地表控制点自由场,建立基于设计地震动的基岩入射波三维时域反演方法,并进一步构建了多波组合斜入射下的空间非一致自由场,分析了基于一维和二维反演方法构建的自由场偏差,揭示了不同反演和自由场构建方法对于沥青混凝土心墙土石坝地震响应的影响机制。结果表明:基于地震动三维反演方法构建的自由场具有空间非一致性,能够更全面地反映场地的地震动场情况。当入射方位角在0°~60°、斜入射角在40°~90°范围内,与三维反演方法相比,一维反演方法构建的特征点x向自由场偏差较大,位移峰值最大偏差为55.8%;当入射方向与某个水平坐标轴平行时,二维反演方法构建的特征点另一个水平向自由场偏差较大,位移峰值最大偏差为100%。介质泊松比增大,一维反演下x向自由场偏差减小,二维反演下x向自由场偏差增大,特征点位移峰值最大偏差分别为46%和36%。与基于地震动三维反演方法获得的心墙拉应力最大值相比,二维和一维反演下拉应力最大值分别减小了83.3%和20.0%。

乌兹别克斯坦9度区某超高层建筑结构设计与优化

对于9度设防地区的超高层建筑,其结构设计基本由地震作用控制,因此抗震设计尤为重要。建筑消能减震技术可在提高结构地震安全储备的同时,降低整体工程造价,是结构优化设计的有效措施。对位于9度区的超高层建筑进行了结构方案选型对比、结构方案优化、减震设计方案比选、剪力墙内嵌钢板优化。结果显示,钢骨混凝土框架⁃核心筒方案相对于钢框架⁃支撑方案具备更高的成本优势;框架⁃核心筒方案可通过精细化设计作进一步优化;在此基础上,对钢骨混凝土框架⁃核心筒方案采用两种消能减震方案进行比选,结果表明,采用黏滞阻尼器方案的结构抗震性能明显优于采用黏滞阻尼墙方案;最后通过增大剪力墙竖向分布钢筋配筋率,对低区核心筒墙肢中的内嵌钢板进行了优化。

带PBL剪力键的钢芯板混凝土组合剪力墙低周往复加载试验研究

为研究带PBL剪力键的钢芯板混凝土组合剪力墙的抗震性能,对1个型钢混凝土组合剪力墙和4个钢芯板混凝土组合剪力墙进行了循环往复加载试验;观察带PBL剪力键的钢芯板混凝土组合剪力墙在水平循环荷载下的破坏全过程,并分析该类剪力墙的滞回特征、变形能力、承载能力、耗能性能、刚度和强度退化能力。结果表明:钢芯板混凝土组合剪力墙的破坏模式主要为弯曲型破坏,滞回曲线较为饱满;配置钢芯板的剪力墙承载力、延性性能和耗能能力较优;PBL剪力键的构造方式可保证钢芯板与混凝土之间的黏结性能完好,PBL剪力键平放会导致剪力墙出现沿PBL剪力键的水平通缝,影响剪力墙承载能力的发挥,建议采用PBL剪力键竖放的构造形式。

托帕水库大坝沥青混凝土心墙设计及渗流特性分析

沥青混凝土具有防渗性能好和便于施工等特点,常作为水利工程的防渗材料。针对新疆托帕水库特有的坝址地形条件进行沥青混凝土心墙坝设计,详细阐述了沥青混凝土心墙的型式、布置型式、断面尺寸以及心墙与各部位衔接等方面的设计,并对已设计的沥青混凝土心墙坝进行渗流计算分析。结果表明:设计的沥青混凝土心墙坝结构合理,防渗设计满足规范要求。

鸭寨水库料场爆破方案设计及评价

结合工程实例,对鸭寨水库工程的坝体石方料开采以及爆破方案进行简要阐述。鸭寨水库沥青心墙土石坝工程区位于贵州省三都县,坝体石料开采条件较差。为满足施工工期,提高工程施工进度和施工效率,根据钻孔揭露地层岩性,采用浅孔与中深孔爆破法相结合的爆破方案,自上而下、分层台阶式施工。通过爆破效果原因分析以及对爆破参数和措施进行改进,有效解决了爆破石料级配不连续的问题。总结和积累的相关施工经验,对推动原岩节理和软弱夹层岩体爆破技术管控措施的改进、土石坝料场等类似工程的爆破方案设计具有一定借鉴意义。

金沙江上游巴塘水电站沥青混凝土心墙堆石坝设计

金沙江上游河段的巴塘水电站工程,其挡水建筑物为最大坝高69m的沥青混凝土心墙堆石坝,工程坝址区地震基本烈度为Ⅷ度,区域地质条件较为复杂,存在一定的技术问题。在分析和借鉴国内外已建的类似工程的基础上,结合工程本身的实际技术特点,就该工程坝体结构设计、坝基处理、坝坡设计、沥青心墙与混凝土基座的连接方式、防渗心墙沥青混凝土材料的设计参数等方面进行了一些有益的方案设计。这些设计在工程上的实际应用,最终确保了工程建设的顺利实施,相关设计成果可为后续类似工程的设计提供一定的参考。

预制模壳填芯混凝土悬臂盖梁承载力分析

盖梁的轻量化发展是实现全预制桥梁的必然要求。基于已有的预制模壳填芯混凝土悬臂盖梁静力试验,采用有限元软件ABAQUS对试件PRC1进行数值分析,有限元计算结果和试验结果吻合较好,验证了有限元模型的可靠性。通过修改已验证的有限元模型参数,进一步分析外壳混凝土强度、纵筋配筋率和交界面接触设置对预制模壳填芯混凝土悬臂盖梁力学性能的影响。基于钢筋混凝土一般构件的承载力计算方法建立试件的理论计算公式,并对提出的计算公式进行验证。研究结果表明:当外壳材料为普通混凝土时,混凝土强度等级从C35增加到C60,峰值承载力仅提高1%,而当外壳材料为超高性能混凝土(UHPC)时,峰值承载力相较C35提高了22%。纵筋配筋率与峰值承载力呈线性增长趋势,当顶部第1排纵筋直径从14 mm增加到22 mm时,峰值承载力提高了34%。交界面接触设置为绑定约束比面面接触的峰值承载力更接近试验值,且后者是相对保守的。基于钢筋混凝土一般构件建立的承载力计算方法所计算结果与试验结果和有限元分析结果吻合较好。

灌浆料对预制承插式桩芯与钢管桩黏结性能影响试验研究

高桩码头的桩芯、桩帽为桩顶连接关键结构,而传统水上现浇施工通常面临作业难、施工质量影响因素多等问题。预制承插式桩芯桩帽结构由水上现浇转变为工厂预制,通过超高性能混凝土灌浆料与钢管桩形成桩顶结构,避免了水文条件对其施工的影响。通过物模试验开展预制桩芯-桩帽结构的破坏模式及灌浆料配比研究,结果表明:竖向荷载下桩顶结构的灌浆料与预制桩芯界面黏结不动,仅灌浆料与钢管之间产生相对滑移,灌浆料与钢管内壁的界面黏结性能相对薄弱;灌浆料与钢管的黏结强度随钢纤维掺入而减小,随膨胀剂掺入而增大;塑性膨胀剂掺量0.08%、中后期国标Ⅱ型膨胀剂掺量12%组合为最优配比,其界面黏结强度在28 d内呈增长趋势,28 d后趋于稳定。

过渡料特性对沥青混凝土心墙开裂的影响

沥青混凝土心墙的应力水平变化不仅受自身材料特性影响,也受相邻过渡料特性的制约,改变过渡料特性会对心墙水力劈裂产生较大影响。为探明过渡料特性变化与心墙开裂之间的关系,采用邓肯张E-B模型对庙堂心墙堆石坝进行有限元计算,提出了抗裂安全系数Kn来表征心墙发生水力劈裂的危险程度,并在此基础上采用正交实验的方法比较了过渡料E-B模型各个参数与心墙开裂的相关性,得出结论:过渡料刚度越大,心墙发生水力劈裂可能性越大;在过渡料选择上,应当优先考虑高敏感性因素破坏比(R_(f))、卸荷再填筑时的弹性模量指数(n)、土体内摩擦角(φ_(0))、初始弹性模量(K),在满足沥青混凝土心墙坝设计和施工规范的前提下,选取R_(f)较大,K、φ_(0)较小的过渡料,能够有效提升沥青混凝土心墙坝抗裂性能。

考虑压实质量和改进本构的沥青心墙坝性态分析

针对邓肯-张模型对沥青混凝土心墙料力学性质描述偏离的不足,改进了心墙沥青混凝土本构模型;同时,考虑实际施工中各分区坝料压实质量空间差异导致的物理力学特性空间差异,提出了考虑坝料实际压实质量的大坝有限元分析方法。首先,通过数字大坝系统采集到的施工数据,对大坝各坝料分区进行压实质量空间估计;其次,建立各坝料分区本构模型参数与压实质量的定量关系,实现对任意单元材料参数的空间估计,并通过Abaqus软件的二次开发,实现坝料本构模型参数的每个单元赋值;最后,结合工程实例,对沥青混凝土心墙堆石坝施工期结构性态进行精细数值分析。结果表明,考虑坝料实际压实质量的数值模拟可以更好地反映大坝实际施工过程的应力变形情况;改进后的本构模型提高了心墙变形计算的准确性,为精确分析沥青混凝土心墙堆石坝结构安全提供了有效途径。

复杂地质条件下沥青混凝土心墙坝风险识别方法

针对复杂地质条件下沥青心墙坝风险识别问题,本文从“三高一深”复杂地质条件、沥青混凝土心墙和传统土石坝三个风险维度,系统建立沥青混凝土心墙坝风险指标体系。针对主客观信息融合不充分问题,本文采用三角模糊层次分析法(TFAHP)确定风险指标主观权重,通过指标重要性评价法(CRITIC)确定其客观权重,并利用博弈论法(GT)计算最优组合权重,构建基于TFAHP-CRITIC-GT组合赋权模型的沥青心墙坝风险智能识别方法。实例分析表明,新疆奴尔沥青心墙坝工程复杂地质条件风险指标权重占比0.516,是该工程的重要风险因素。综合考虑复杂地质条件风险对于准确识别沥青心墙坝风险因素具有重要工程意义,本文提出的指标体系及识别方法对于西部地区复杂地质条件大坝风险识别及评价研究具有推广价值。