This article provides a brief overview of various approaches that may be utilized for the analysis of human semen test results. Reference intervals are the most widely used tool for the interpretation of clinical labo...This article provides a brief overview of various approaches that may be utilized for the analysis of human semen test results. Reference intervals are the most widely used tool for the interpretation of clinical laboratory results. Reference interval development has classically relied on concepts elaborated by the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry Expert Panel on Reference Values during the 1980s. These guidelines involve obtaining and classifying samples from a healthy population of at least 120 individuals and then identifying the outermost 5% of observations to use in defining limits for two-sided or one-sided reference intervals. More recently, decision limits based on epidemiological outcome analysis have also been introduced to aid in test interpretation. The reference population must be carefully defined on the basis of the intended clinical use of the underlying test. To determine appropriate reference intervals for use in male fertility assessment, a reference population of men with documented time to pregnancy of 〈 12 months would be most suitable. However, for epidemiological assessment of semen testing results, a reference population made up ofunselected healthy men would be preferred. Although reference and decision limits derived for individual semen analysis test results will undoubtedly be the interpretational tools of choice in the near future, in the long term, multivariate methods for the interpretation of semen analysis alone or in combination with information from the female partner seem to represent better means for assessing the likelihood of achieving a successful pregnancy in a subfertile couple.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gait is influenced by race,age,and diseases type.Reference values for gait are closely related to numerous health outcomes.To gain a comprehensive understanding of gait patterns,particularly in relation to ...BACKGROUND Gait is influenced by race,age,and diseases type.Reference values for gait are closely related to numerous health outcomes.To gain a comprehensive understanding of gait patterns,particularly in relation to race-related pathologies and disorders,it is crucial to establish reference values for gait in daily life considering sex and age.Therefore,our objective was to present sex and age-based reference values for gait in daily life,providing a valuable foundation for further research and clinical applications.AIM To establish reference values for lower extremity joint kinematics and kinetics during gait in asymptomatic adult women and men.METHODS Spatiotemporal,kinematics and kinetics parameters were measured in 171 healthy adults(70 males and 101 females)using the computer-aided soft tissue foot model.Full curve statistical parametric mapping was performed using independent and paired-samples t-tests.RESULTS Compared with females,males required more time(cycle time,double-limb support time,stance time,swing time,and stride time),and the differences were statistically significant.In addition,the step and stride lengths of males were longer.Compared to males,female cadence was faster,and statures-per-second and stride-per-minute were higher.There were no statistical differences in speed and stride width between the two groups.After adjusting for height,it was observed that women walked significantly faster than men,and they also had a higher cadence.However,in terms of step length,stride length,and stride width,both genders exhibited similarities.CONCLUSION We established reference values for gait speed and spatiotemporal gait parameters in Chinese university students.This contributes to a valuable database for gait assessment and evaluation of preventive or rehabilitative programs.展开更多
The fifth edition of the World Health Organization （WHO） manual for semen analysis includes for the first time reference values for human semen characteristics. This paper considers whether such values will help to ...The fifth edition of the World Health Organization （WHO） manual for semen analysis includes for the first time reference values for human semen characteristics. This paper considers whether such values will help to resolve the intensely debated data indicating temporal and geographical shifts in sperm counts and hypotheses that anthropogenic activities that result in the release of chemicals into the environment are detrimental to male reproductive health. The reasons that these reference values will not fulfil these purposes are also explained. Although established reference values for semen characteristics are of limited value in analytical epidemiologic research, the WHO guidelines are of utmost importance for supporting the development of appropriate research protocols. Moreover, in spite of its limitations, semen analysis is still a useful research tool in epidemiological research, and no superior alternatives are on the horizon.展开更多
目的：探讨WHO第5版精液参考值标准的调整对夫精宫腔内人工授精（IUI）适应证谱的影响。方法：回顾性分析我院生殖中心2012年1-7月采用WHO第4版标准111个周期IUI的临床资料（A组），和2013年1-7月采用WHO第5五版标准84个周期IUI的临床...目的：探讨WHO第5版精液参考值标准的调整对夫精宫腔内人工授精（IUI）适应证谱的影响。方法：回顾性分析我院生殖中心2012年1-7月采用WHO第4版标准111个周期IUI的临床资料（A组），和2013年1-7月采用WHO第5五版标准84个周期IUI的临床资料（B组），统计各种适应证所占百分率。结果：两组适应证比较，弱精子症差异有统计学意义[97个周期（87．4％）／3547个周期（55．9％），P〈0．05]。少精子症（0W0）、畸形精子症[57个周期（51．4％） vs 30个周期（35．7％）]、液化异常[1个周期（0．9％） vs 0]、性功能障碍及生殖器畸形[0V．53个周期（3．6％）]、免疫性不育[1个周期（0．9％） vs 0]和不明原因不育[4个周期（3．6％）V．52个周期（2．4％）]差异无统计学意义（P均〉0．05）。结论：WHO第5版精液参考值标准的临床应用对IUI适应证谱有较大影响，造成因为男方因素行IUI的病例大幅度减少，可能会使部分患者治疗周期加长，女方诊治过度，进一步加重其经济负担和身心压力。展开更多
文摘This article provides a brief overview of various approaches that may be utilized for the analysis of human semen test results. Reference intervals are the most widely used tool for the interpretation of clinical laboratory results. Reference interval development has classically relied on concepts elaborated by the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry Expert Panel on Reference Values during the 1980s. These guidelines involve obtaining and classifying samples from a healthy population of at least 120 individuals and then identifying the outermost 5% of observations to use in defining limits for two-sided or one-sided reference intervals. More recently, decision limits based on epidemiological outcome analysis have also been introduced to aid in test interpretation. The reference population must be carefully defined on the basis of the intended clinical use of the underlying test. To determine appropriate reference intervals for use in male fertility assessment, a reference population of men with documented time to pregnancy of 〈 12 months would be most suitable. However, for epidemiological assessment of semen testing results, a reference population made up ofunselected healthy men would be preferred. Although reference and decision limits derived for individual semen analysis test results will undoubtedly be the interpretational tools of choice in the near future, in the long term, multivariate methods for the interpretation of semen analysis alone or in combination with information from the female partner seem to represent better means for assessing the likelihood of achieving a successful pregnancy in a subfertile couple.
基金Supported by Major Project of the Co-construction Science and Technology Program between the Science and Technology Department of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the Zhejiang Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.GZY-ZJ-KJ-23040Zhejiang Medical and Health Science and Technology Project,No.2022497035+2 种基金Quzhou City Science and Technology Project,No.2022K75Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Scientific Research Fund Project,No.2021FSYYZZ09,No.2021FSYYZZ14The study was reviewed and approved by the Department of Orthopedics,The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University(Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine)Institutional Review Board[Approval No.2023-K-162-01].
文摘BACKGROUND Gait is influenced by race,age,and diseases type.Reference values for gait are closely related to numerous health outcomes.To gain a comprehensive understanding of gait patterns,particularly in relation to race-related pathologies and disorders,it is crucial to establish reference values for gait in daily life considering sex and age.Therefore,our objective was to present sex and age-based reference values for gait in daily life,providing a valuable foundation for further research and clinical applications.AIM To establish reference values for lower extremity joint kinematics and kinetics during gait in asymptomatic adult women and men.METHODS Spatiotemporal,kinematics and kinetics parameters were measured in 171 healthy adults(70 males and 101 females)using the computer-aided soft tissue foot model.Full curve statistical parametric mapping was performed using independent and paired-samples t-tests.RESULTS Compared with females,males required more time(cycle time,double-limb support time,stance time,swing time,and stride time),and the differences were statistically significant.In addition,the step and stride lengths of males were longer.Compared to males,female cadence was faster,and statures-per-second and stride-per-minute were higher.There were no statistical differences in speed and stride width between the two groups.After adjusting for height,it was observed that women walked significantly faster than men,and they also had a higher cadence.However,in terms of step length,stride length,and stride width,both genders exhibited similarities.CONCLUSION We established reference values for gait speed and spatiotemporal gait parameters in Chinese university students.This contributes to a valuable database for gait assessment and evaluation of preventive or rehabilitative programs.
文摘The fifth edition of the World Health Organization （WHO） manual for semen analysis includes for the first time reference values for human semen characteristics. This paper considers whether such values will help to resolve the intensely debated data indicating temporal and geographical shifts in sperm counts and hypotheses that anthropogenic activities that result in the release of chemicals into the environment are detrimental to male reproductive health. The reasons that these reference values will not fulfil these purposes are also explained. Although established reference values for semen characteristics are of limited value in analytical epidemiologic research, the WHO guidelines are of utmost importance for supporting the development of appropriate research protocols. Moreover, in spite of its limitations, semen analysis is still a useful research tool in epidemiological research, and no superior alternatives are on the horizon.
文摘目的：探讨WHO第5版精液参考值标准的调整对夫精宫腔内人工授精（IUI）适应证谱的影响。方法：回顾性分析我院生殖中心2012年1-7月采用WHO第4版标准111个周期IUI的临床资料（A组），和2013年1-7月采用WHO第5五版标准84个周期IUI的临床资料（B组），统计各种适应证所占百分率。结果：两组适应证比较，弱精子症差异有统计学意义[97个周期（87．4％）／3547个周期（55．9％），P〈0．05]。少精子症（0W0）、畸形精子症[57个周期（51．4％） vs 30个周期（35．7％）]、液化异常[1个周期（0．9％） vs 0]、性功能障碍及生殖器畸形[0V．53个周期（3．6％）]、免疫性不育[1个周期（0．9％） vs 0]和不明原因不育[4个周期（3．6％）V．52个周期（2．4％）]差异无统计学意义（P均〉0．05）。结论：WHO第5版精液参考值标准的临床应用对IUI适应证谱有较大影响，造成因为男方因素行IUI的病例大幅度减少，可能会使部分患者治疗周期加长，女方诊治过度，进一步加重其经济负担和身心压力。
