EARTHQUAKE RESPONSE OF SEMI RIGID FRAME WITH ROTATIONAL DAMPER

The seismic behavior of frames with semi rigid connections and rotational dampers is examined.The ground acceleration due to earthquake is regarded as a stochastic process,and a pseudo excitation algorithm in frequency domain is implemented in a computer program to handle non orthogonal damping properties of the system.The computer program which incorporates detailed connection models and rotational damping models is used to investigate the effect of the connection of the semi rigid frame.It is shown from analytical studies that semi rigid frames with rotational dampers improve the seismic response of the building and may provide an effective and reliable earthquake resistant design solution.

Compressive strength and frost heave resistance of different types of semi-rigid base materials after freeze-thaw cycles

Freeze-thaw damage is the most common disease of semi-rigid bases in cold regions, which may greatly affect the dura- bility of roadways. In this study, the compressive strength and frost resistance of four different types of semi-rigid bases （lime-fly ash-stabilized sand, cement-stabilized sand, lime-fly ash-stabilized gravel, and cement-stabilized gravel） are assessed by varying the materials content. Based on freeze-thaw and compressive strength tests, this paper presents the performance of the different materials, each having different physical properties, and the optimal amounts of materials contents are proposed.

STATISTICAL MODELS FOR SEMI-RIGID NEMATIC POLYMERS

Semi-rigid liquid crystal polymer is a class of liquid crystal polymers different from long rigid rod liquid crystal polymer to which the well-known Onsager and Flory theories are applied. In this paper, three statistical models for the semi-rigid nematic polymer were addressed. They are the elastically jointed rod model, worm-like chain model, and non-homogeneous chain model. The nematic-isotropic transition temperature was examined. The pseudo-second transition temperature is expressed analytically. Comparisons with the experiments were made and the agreements were found.

Static behavior of semi-rigid thin-walled steel-concrete composite beam-to-column joints with bolted partial-depth flush end plate:experimental study

A new type of semi-rigid thin-walled steel-concrete composite beam-to-column joint has been proposed in this paper.Five semi-rigid composite beam-to-column joint specimens subjected to hogging moments under monotonic loading were tested to study the static behavior of this new type of joint.The main variable parameters for the five joint specimens were the longitudinal reinforcement ratio and the joint type.The experimental results designated that the magnitude of extension of the longitudinal reinforcement is the most important factor that influenced the moment-rotation characteristic of the new type of joint.The concrete slabs could resist 3.8%-19.1% of the total shear load applied to the cross-sections near the beam-to-column connection.The edge stiffened elements,such as the flange of the lipped I-section thin-walled steel beam,were capable of having considerable inelastic deformation capacity although they had comparatively large width-to-thickness ratios.The shear failure of the concrete cantilever edge strip must be taken into account in practical design because it has significant influence on the anchorage of the longitudinal reinforcement in the new type of external joints.

Infrapubic versus Penoscrotal Approaches for Implantation of Semi-Rigid Penile Prosthesis

Background: Modification of surgical techniques to minimize wound infections in penile implant surgery using malleable prosthesis which is easy to use, of very low risk of mechanical failure and is financially suitable to improve outcome and ensures less complications. The aim of the study is to compare infrapubic approach and Penoscrotal approach in penile semi-rigid prosthesis implantation surgery. Patients and methods: Fifty patients were randomly divided into two groups and each group underwent one approach. Results: No statically significant differences were found between both groups in terms of operative time. Corporeal cross over was the most common intraoperative complications, 3 cases in IP approach and 6 cases in PS but not statistically significant. Peyronie’s disease patients underwent penile implant through infrapubic approach in 3 cases and PS in 4 cases with one recorded complication of keloid formations with IP. Urethral false passage reported only in one case with PS approach without affecting the procedure. Only minor complications including superficial wound infection which was significantly more with PS, 6/25 (24%) and IP 1/25 (4%), p value = 0.041. Penile and scrotal edema was common with IP approach (92%) in comparison with PS approach (60%). The urethral catheter can be abandoned with IP to avoid the risk of catheterizations. No significant relation between diabetes and infections and no erosions were encountered. Conclusion: Through this research work, infrapubic approach is better than Penoscrotal approach even if it is not commonly used by surgeon.

Analysis on influence of seismic travelling wave effect on semi-active control for long-span rigid-continuous bridge

The analysis approach of semi-active control for long-span rigid-continuous bridge under seismic travelling wave input is established. Magnetorheological dampers are set on the positions of the bridge beatings. The semi-active control calculation and analysis are performed for a five-span rigid-continuous bridge under seismic travelling waves with different apparent surface velocities. The results indicate that travelling wave effect remarkably influences the uncontrolled seismic responses, the semi-active control seismic responses and vibration control effects for the long-span rigid-continuous bridge. It is disadvantageous to the responses of the beams and the piers under the travelling wave input with lower apparent surface velocity, and travelling wave effect can decrease the vibration control effects evidently. Therefore, the travelling wave effect should be considered for the selection of the parameter values of semi-active control system in order to get the designing control effect.

Semi-Rigid Registration of 3D Points

In this paper, we proposed a method for semi-rigid changed 3D point clouds registration. We first segment the point clouds into individual segments and then the alignment energy costs of each segment are calculated. The rough initial transformation is estimated by minimizing the energy cost using integer programming. The final registration results are obtained by rigid alignments of separated corresponded segments. Experimental result with simulated point clouds demonstrate that the concept of semi-rigid registration works well.

Analytical models for the penetration of semi-infinite targets by rigid,deformable and erosive long rods

A theoretical study is presented herein on the pen- etration of a semi-infinite target by a spherical-headed long rod for Yp 〉 S, where Yp is the penetrator strength and S is the static target resistance. For Yp 〉 S, depending upon initial impact velocity, there exist three types of penetration, namely, penetration by a rigid long rod, penetration by a deforming non-erosive long rod and penetration by an erosive long rod. If the impact velocity of the penetrator is higher than the hydrodynamic velocity （VH）, it will penetrate the target in an erosive mode; if the impact velocity lies between the hydrodynamic velocity （VH） and the rigid body velocity （VR）, it will penetrate the target in a deformable mode; if the impact velocity is less than the rigid body velocity （VR）, it will penetrate the target in a rigid mode. The critical conditions for the transition among these three penetration modes are proposed. It is demonstrated that the present model predictions correlate well with the experimental observations in terms of depth of penetration （DOP） and the critical transition conditions.

移动荷载下道路病害的弯沉盆特性

移动荷载作用下道路弯沉盆蕴含路基、路面的病害信息,充分利用移动弯沉盆信息开展道路病害快速无损检测受到行业重要关注。该文通过分析道路病害的弯沉盆特性,为移动弯沉车开发道路病害检测方法提供技术参考。首先建立半刚性基层沥青路面有限元模型,通过设置不同类型和程度的病害有限元模型,分析在移动荷载作用下路表弯沉盆的连续变化情况。结果表明:荷载移动到病害区域时,各病害模型中路表弯沉盆的中心弯沉值均会变大;路面结构层出现横向裂缝时,弯沉盆的形状会发生明显变化,贯通性横向裂缝对弯沉盆形状的影响最明显;基层与底基层局部松散对弯沉盆形状的影响比面层松散对弯沉盆的影响更明显;土基顶部出现空洞时,弯沉盆形状变化不明显;路基唧泥病害会严重影响路表弯沉盆形状与大小。

单边螺栓连接中心支撑钢框架抗震性能分析

目的为研究支撑-半刚接钢框架结构体系的抗震性能,方法设计了一榀由嵌套式单边螺栓与T型钢构成的半刚性梁柱节点的中心支撑钢框架,并进行了拟静力试验与有限元数值模拟,通过观测整个试验现象,分析了其滞回、承载力、刚度退化、耗能等抗震指标。结果结果表明:试件破坏过程明显经历了弹性段、塑性段、破坏段三个阶段,试件破坏模式主要为支撑受压失稳破坏,塑性变形主要累积在支撑体系上,整体呈现延性破坏特征;支撑断裂后,梁柱及T型钢节点无明显塑性变形,钢框架仍具有较高的安全储备,符合“强节点、弱构件”设计原则,表明了结构具有两道抗震防线;结论支撑与半刚接钢框架协同工作使得试件具有较高的抗侧刚度抵抗水平变形,且承载力较高、滞回性能稳定、耗能能力优良;单边螺栓在试验过程中的受力性能较普通高强螺栓并无较大差别,未出现严重的预紧力松弛现象,并能高效的保持螺栓预紧力。通过有限元数值模拟分析可知,减小支撑长细比,虽能有效提高结构的抗震性能,但长细比较小会导致支撑刚度增大,加速其余构件的损坏。故应以考虑结构的延性为前提,降低支撑的长细比,才能有效提高结构的抗震性能。

一例U-Ag杂金属半刚性羧酸配体配合物的制备及性质研究

为了深入研究锕系元素的配位行为,基于半刚性羧酸配体3-(羧基甲氧基)苯甲酸(H_(2)L),合成了一个三维结构的U-Ag杂金属配合物[(L)(HL)Ag(UO_(2))](简称UAgL)。通过X-射线单晶衍射、红外光谱、紫外光谱及X-射线粉末衍射对其晶体结构进行了表征,结果显示,配合物UAgL中铀原子处于稍变形的五角双锥配位环境中,银原子则处于五配位的四方锥配位环境中。铀酰离子中的氧原子参与配位且处于轴向位置,完全脱质子的配体L和部分脱质子的配体HL则采取两种配位模式将铀中心与银中心连接成二维层状结构,层状结构之间又通过铀酰氧原子连接成三维的网络结构。进一步探讨了配合物UAgL的热稳定性和在室温下的固态荧光性质,认为其可作为潜在的光致发光材料。

装配式冷弯厚壁型钢半刚性梁-柱节点抗震性能试验研究

冷弯型钢在装配式结构中应用具有天然的优势,为了扩展冷弯厚壁型钢结构的使用范围,克服冷弯厚壁钢的缺点,设计6个新型分层装配式“十字型”梁-柱节点,进行循环加载试验,对梁-柱节点的破坏模式、初始刚度、骨架曲线、等效黏滞阻尼系数、能量耗散系数、割线刚度、滞回曲线和关键部位应变分布进行研究,主要得到以下结论:通过螺栓和节点板的滑移,半刚性节点具有一定的耗能能力。增设高强螺栓可以提高梁柱节点的承载力,初始刚度和耗能能力也得到提高,避免梁端与连接板孔壁承压。增加可更换节点翼缘板,对梁-柱节点的破坏模式没有明显影响,承载能力、耗能能力、初始刚度分别得到较大提高。

基于阻抗匹配的吸声方法

对于低中频声波入射,采用主动吸声方法可以获得较好的吸收性能,而对于高频声波入射则不能达到很好的吸收性能,为此,又提出了通过调节吸声材料后扬声器的表面阻抗来改变吸声系数的半主动吸声方法。将可控扬声器置于吸声材料后面,调节其表面阻抗,使其与空气的声阻抗达到最佳匹配,从而实现对吸声性能的有效调控。实验结果表明:半主动吸声方法可以在不断改变入射声波频率情况下对吸声系数进行有效调整,使吸声系数始终处于最大值。

基于代理模型的输电塔半刚性节点弯矩-转角曲线预测方法

为了准确、高效地评估输电塔半刚性节点的力学特性,提出了一种基于代理模型的输电塔半刚性节点弯矩-转角曲线预测方法,通过引入代理模型方法近似半刚性节点几何尺寸与极限抗弯承载力、初始转动刚度之间的函数关系,建立具有较高精度的预测模型,进而结合Kish-Chen幂函数模型拟合输电塔半刚性节点的弯矩-转角曲线。结果表明,提出的基于代理模型的输电塔半刚性节点弯矩-转角曲线预测方法能减少实验和数值模拟的成本,较好地模拟输电塔半刚性节点实际受力-变形情况,为输电塔半刚性节点的工程设计和理论研究提供了参考。

原竹抱口梁柱节点抗弯性能研究

竹材作为一种新型的绿色环保建筑材料,梁柱连接是现代竹结构推广需要考虑的重要问题。为了丰富原竹节点的形式,探究不同构造措施下梁柱节点的刚度和承载力,设计制作了3种形式的原竹抱口梁柱连接节点,按照金属连接件构造的不同命名为简易钢夹节点J1、贯通螺栓节点J2和自攻螺钉节点J3。每一种节点内部依据不同原竹等级设计3组试件,通过单调加载试验,探究节点弯曲力学性能及破坏特征,得到了3种节点的弯矩-转角曲线。基于弯矩-转角曲线变化特征,提出三折线刚度分析模型拟合节点分段刚度参数值,应用欧洲钢结构规范节点类型判别方法,对节点的半刚性程度进行了验证。结果显示:贯通螺栓节点J2和简易钢夹节点J1属于半刚性节点;自攻螺钉节点J3属于铰节点。研究表明:原竹等级对于简易钢夹节点J1和自攻螺钉节点J3的抗弯性能影响不敏感;对于贯通螺栓节点J2的抗弯性能影响显著,等级为T8时与连接件的协同工作性能最优。研究成果可为现代竹结构应用提供理论依据。

半刚接柱脚自复位装配式钢框架拟动力试验研究

为解决刚接柱脚自复位装配式钢框架结构在中震或大震下底层柱可能发生较大的塑性变形的问题,设计一种半刚接柱脚自复位装配式钢框架结构。对其子结构进行拟动力试验,对比框架在Taft地震波、LOS000地震波和El-Centro地震波输入及不同等级地震下的节点开口、耗能能力、刚度退化、预应力损失和应变变化。试验结果表明,钢框架在大震作用下具有良好的自复位功能和耗能能力。钢绞线平均预应力损失最多仅为1.58%,说明施加预应力的方法是可靠的。钢框架柱脚能够始终保持弹性状态,因此震后仅需修复钢梁,大大降低了修复成本。

基于截尾分布的永久路面结构可靠度分析

为建立基于实测参数变异范围的永久路面结构可靠度分析方法,首先基于概率等效原则和逆变换法建立参数“有界”性的双侧截尾分布随机数抽样方法;然后选取现行沥青路面设计规范中面层、基层和路基结构的验算指标建立极限状态方程并开发多指标可靠度计算程序,将分析结果与理论分布随机变量可靠度程序对比;最后结合实测参数变异性水平,使用建立的可靠度分析方法评估京德高速永久路面结构的工后可靠度。结果表明:截尾分布更符合工程参数的真实分布,计算的可靠度更准确;中等交通荷载等级下,京德高速的路面结构可靠度为95.2%~98.7%;在累计当量轴次失效点后,永久路面结构面层、基层和路基的可靠度值均随轴次的增大而减小,且荷载越大,可靠度值下降速率越快,可靠度也越低。

半刚性基层开裂的沥青路面承载力响应特性

为研究半刚性基层开裂对沥青路面承载力响应特性的影响,采用ABAQUS软件建立具有不同形态基层反射裂缝的沥青路面三维模型,研究其在载荷作用下的路面承载力响应特性,揭示响应机理。研究结果表明:反射裂缝越长,路面承载力响应越大。反射裂缝在贯穿路表前后,承载力响应由弱至强发生激增,反射裂缝只在一定宽度范围内影响承载力响应。给出了处治基层反射裂缝的指导建议,即结合现行方案,注意区分反射裂缝和面层裂缝,限制反射裂缝的发展。从长度、宽度、结构层位3个角度分析了反射裂缝对承载力响应特性的影响,仿真结果与现场实测结果相吻合,为研究半刚性基层沥青路面的承载力响应特性提供参考。

预制外挂墙板半刚性耗能连接节点力学性能研究

为提高预制外挂墙板结构的抗震性能,基于预制外挂墙板点支承连接方式的变形特征,提出一种新型半刚性耗能连接节点(简称SEDC),通过结合摩擦耗能机理与金属弯曲机理,实现SEDC与主体结构正常使用状态及小震下的刚性连接,以及大震作用下的柔性耗能连接。设计并制作了3组共9个SEDC试验试件,分别进行单调加载、低周反复加载与低周疲劳加载,研究SEDC的半刚性受力特性、滞回性能、承载性能、耗能能力、延性以及低周疲劳性能。结果表明:SEDC具有显著的半刚性受力特性,滞回曲线饱满,承载力稳定,耗能能力良好,变形能力较强,弯曲单元与摩擦单元具有良好的协同工作能力。基于试验结果,建立了SEDC的数值分析模型,研究了弯曲单元与摩擦单元设计参数对其受力性能的影响。分析了预制外挂墙板在各工况作用下的节点反力计算方法,基于SEDC的半刚性受力特性提出了预制外挂墙板与主体结构的协调设计方法。

钢结构半刚性连接节点研究现状

半刚性连接具刚度、延性和载荷能力,抗震性能优越,施工难度低,是实用且经济的连接方式。但半刚性连接受力复杂,力学特性分析难度大,且国内规范中缺乏针对性的分类标准和设计方法。综合国内外文献规范,简述了梁柱节点的分类及特点,详细介绍了钢结构半刚性节点连接类型、研究方法和研究成果,通过分析当前研究进展,指出未来所需研究的问题与方向,为钢结构半刚性节点研究、设计与实际运用提供思路与参考。