Freeze-thaw damage is the most common disease of semi-rigid bases in cold regions, which may greatly affect the dura- bility of roadways. In this study, the compressive strength and frost resistance of four different ...Freeze-thaw damage is the most common disease of semi-rigid bases in cold regions, which may greatly affect the dura- bility of roadways. In this study, the compressive strength and frost resistance of four different types of semi-rigid bases （lime-fly ash-stabilized sand, cement-stabilized sand, lime-fly ash-stabilized gravel, and cement-stabilized gravel） are assessed by varying the materials content. Based on freeze-thaw and compressive strength tests, this paper presents the performance of the different materials, each having different physical properties, and the optimal amounts of materials contents are proposed.展开更多
Base isolated structures have been found to be at risk in near-fault regions as a result of long period pulses that may exist in near-source ground motions. Various control strategies, including passive, active and se...Base isolated structures have been found to be at risk in near-fault regions as a result of long period pulses that may exist in near-source ground motions. Various control strategies, including passive, active and semi-active control systems, have been investigated to overcome this problem. This study focuses on the development of a semi-active control algorithm based on several performance levels anticipated from an isolated building during different levels of ground shaking corresponding to various earthquake hazard levels. The proposed performance-based algorithm is based on a modified version of the well-known semi-active skyhook control algorithm. The proposed control algorithm changes the control gain depending on the level of shaking imposed on the structure. The proposed control system has been evaluated using a series of analyses performed on a base isolated benchmark building subjected to seven pairs of scaled ground motion records. Simulation results show that the newly proposed algorithm is effective in improving the structural and nonstructural performance of the building for selected earthquakes.展开更多
We investigated the influence of soaking time on the semi-conductivity and nonlinear electrical properties of TiO2-based varistor ceramic samples.We used a single sintering process and fabricated six disk samples of(S...We investigated the influence of soaking time on the semi-conductivity and nonlinear electrical properties of TiO2-based varistor ceramic samples.We used a single sintering process and fabricated six disk samples of(Sr,Bi,Si,Ta)-doped TiO2-based varistor ceramics sintered at 1 250°C for 0.5 h,1.0 h,2.0 h,3.0 h,4.0 h,and 5.0 h,respectively.The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction,breakdown voltage,and complex impedance.The results show that as the soaking time increases from 0.5 h to 5.0 h,the breakdown voltage drops before rising while the nonlinear coefficient increases and then decreases.We suggest that,considering both grain semi-conductivity and nonlinear electrical properties of the TiO2-based varistor ceramics,the optimal soaking time is between 2.0 h and 3.0 h.展开更多
Laser cladding technique has been applied to renovate some partially-damaged (or worn) components with Fe, Ni, Co-base alloys, hence to improve their hardness values and wear resistance successfully in previous report...Laser cladding technique has been applied to renovate some partially-damaged (or worn) components with Fe, Ni, Co-base alloys, hence to improve their hardness values and wear resistance successfully in previous reports. But for some punching or shearing cast iron dies damaged or worn in automobile manufacture, the renovated surfaces also bear some impact loading. Therefore, a small-energy and multi-impact (SEMI) test was designed to investigate the fracture behaviour of renovated cast iron dies achieved by laser cladding of Fe and Ni-base alloys under SEMI loading to meet above requirement. observations show that the fracture took place in the substrate near to the substrate/coating interface rather than at the interface. The tempering temperature has a great influence on the cycles to fracture of laser-clad samples under SEMl loading, i.e. the low tempering temperature of 300℃ gives a maximum cycle to fracture, while a higher tempering temperature of 400℃ has a minimum. Furthermore, the fracture mechanism has also been discussed in present study展开更多
Solid wastes derived from metallurgical industries pose a significant threat to environment. The utilization and disposal of these solid wastes are the major concern in the world. Semi-coke generated in coal-based dir...Solid wastes derived from metallurgical industries pose a significant threat to environment. The utilization and disposal of these solid wastes are the major concern in the world. Semi-coke generated in coal-based direct reduction process of iron ore is a by-product and its suitable utilization is not available so far. In order to handle it properly, the characteristics of this by-product were comprehensively investigated. A series of analysis methods were used to demonstrate its mineral compositions, petrography and physico-chemical properties. The results reveal that the semi-coke has poor washability. The fixed carbon content of semi-coke reaches 76.11% and the gross calorific value is 28.10 MJ/kg, both of which are similar to those of traditional sinter coke breeze. Also, semi-coke ash possesses lower content of SiO2, Al2O3, S and higher content of CaO and MgO, which could improve the strength of sinter ore when partially substituting for coke breeze in sintering. Semi-coke features well-development porous structure and higher reaction activity, which predicts that the sintering speed could be elevated to some extent when employing it as a partial replacement of coke breeze, so the studies further suggest that the potential adverse effect of the high reactivity on sintering process could be weakened by adequately coarsening the semi-coke's particle size.展开更多
In the present study, Al-5.5Fe-4Cu-2Zn-0.4Mg-0.5Mn al oy samples were prepared by electromagnetic stirring and semi-solid forming processing, and then the effects of T6 and T1 heat treatments on the microstructures an...In the present study, Al-5.5Fe-4Cu-2Zn-0.4Mg-0.5Mn al oy samples were prepared by electromagnetic stirring and semi-solid forming processing, and then the effects of T6 and T1 heat treatments on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the semi-solid forming samples were investigated. The results indicate that after semi-solid forming, the mechanical properties of the sample improved significantly compared to that of the merely electromagnetically stirred sample. The grains of semi-solid forming alloy became almost fine equiaxed; big long strip-shaped Al3 Fe phases became short rod-like morphology and distributed uniformly in the matrix. However, the mechanical properties of the T6-treated semi-solid forming sample decreased significantly instead of increasing and, with solution temperature rising, the tensile strength of the al oy decreased further. The results of EDS show that after high temperature solid-solution treatment, the Cu element in the semi-solid forming alloy sample is mainly concentrated at the boundaries of the Al3 Fe phases instead of being dissolved in the matrix. At the same time, the grains of the semi-solid forming sample grew slightly after solid-solution treatment. Therefore, the growth of the grains and the accumulation of Cu element at Al3 Fe phase boundaries during solution treatment of the semi-solid forming alloy were the main reasons for the mechanical properties decreasing after T6 treatment. The mechanical properties of the alloy were improved after T1 heat treatment due to aging strengthening phase being precipitated in the matrix.展开更多
The electronic packaging shell with high silicon carbide aluminum-base composites was prepared by semi-solid thixoforming technique. The flow characteristic of the Si C particulate was analyzed. The microstructures of...The electronic packaging shell with high silicon carbide aluminum-base composites was prepared by semi-solid thixoforming technique. The flow characteristic of the Si C particulate was analyzed. The microstructures of different parts of the shell were observed by scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy, and the thermophysical and mechanical properties of the shell were tested. The results show that there exists the segregation phenomenon between the Si C particulate and the liquid phase during thixoforming, the liquid phase flows from the shell, and the Si C particles accumulate at the bottom of the shell. The volume fraction of Si C decreases gradually from the bottom to the walls. Accordingly, the thermal conductivities of bottom center and walls are 178 and 164 W·m-1·K-1, the coefficients of thermal expansion(CTE) are 8.2×10-6 and 12.6×10-6 K-1, respectively. The flexural strength decreases slightly from 437 to 347 MPa. The microstructures and properties of the shell show gradient distribution.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51378057 and 41371081)
文摘Freeze-thaw damage is the most common disease of semi-rigid bases in cold regions, which may greatly affect the dura- bility of roadways. In this study, the compressive strength and frost resistance of four different types of semi-rigid bases （lime-fly ash-stabilized sand, cement-stabilized sand, lime-fly ash-stabilized gravel, and cement-stabilized gravel） are assessed by varying the materials content. Based on freeze-thaw and compressive strength tests, this paper presents the performance of the different materials, each having different physical properties, and the optimal amounts of materials contents are proposed.
文摘Base isolated structures have been found to be at risk in near-fault regions as a result of long period pulses that may exist in near-source ground motions. Various control strategies, including passive, active and semi-active control systems, have been investigated to overcome this problem. This study focuses on the development of a semi-active control algorithm based on several performance levels anticipated from an isolated building during different levels of ground shaking corresponding to various earthquake hazard levels. The proposed performance-based algorithm is based on a modified version of the well-known semi-active skyhook control algorithm. The proposed control algorithm changes the control gain depending on the level of shaking imposed on the structure. The proposed control system has been evaluated using a series of analyses performed on a base isolated benchmark building subjected to seven pairs of scaled ground motion records. Simulation results show that the newly proposed algorithm is effective in improving the structural and nonstructural performance of the building for selected earthquakes.
基金Funded by the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50872001 and No. 50642038)the Scientific Research Foundation of Education Ministry of Anhui Province (No. 2005KJ224 and No. KJ2007B132)the Graduate Student Innovation Programs of Anhui University (No. 20072006)
文摘We investigated the influence of soaking time on the semi-conductivity and nonlinear electrical properties of TiO2-based varistor ceramic samples.We used a single sintering process and fabricated six disk samples of(Sr,Bi,Si,Ta)-doped TiO2-based varistor ceramics sintered at 1 250°C for 0.5 h,1.0 h,2.0 h,3.0 h,4.0 h,and 5.0 h,respectively.The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction,breakdown voltage,and complex impedance.The results show that as the soaking time increases from 0.5 h to 5.0 h,the breakdown voltage drops before rising while the nonlinear coefficient increases and then decreases.We suggest that,considering both grain semi-conductivity and nonlinear electrical properties of the TiO2-based varistor ceramics,the optimal soaking time is between 2.0 h and 3.0 h.
文摘Laser cladding technique has been applied to renovate some partially-damaged (or worn) components with Fe, Ni, Co-base alloys, hence to improve their hardness values and wear resistance successfully in previous reports. But for some punching or shearing cast iron dies damaged or worn in automobile manufacture, the renovated surfaces also bear some impact loading. Therefore, a small-energy and multi-impact (SEMI) test was designed to investigate the fracture behaviour of renovated cast iron dies achieved by laser cladding of Fe and Ni-base alloys under SEMI loading to meet above requirement. observations show that the fracture took place in the substrate near to the substrate/coating interface rather than at the interface. The tempering temperature has a great influence on the cycles to fracture of laser-clad samples under SEMl loading, i.e. the low tempering temperature of 300℃ gives a maximum cycle to fracture, while a higher tempering temperature of 400℃ has a minimum. Furthermore, the fracture mechanism has also been discussed in present study
基金Project(2011GH561685)supported by the China Torch Program
文摘Solid wastes derived from metallurgical industries pose a significant threat to environment. The utilization and disposal of these solid wastes are the major concern in the world. Semi-coke generated in coal-based direct reduction process of iron ore is a by-product and its suitable utilization is not available so far. In order to handle it properly, the characteristics of this by-product were comprehensively investigated. A series of analysis methods were used to demonstrate its mineral compositions, petrography and physico-chemical properties. The results reveal that the semi-coke has poor washability. The fixed carbon content of semi-coke reaches 76.11% and the gross calorific value is 28.10 MJ/kg, both of which are similar to those of traditional sinter coke breeze. Also, semi-coke ash possesses lower content of SiO2, Al2O3, S and higher content of CaO and MgO, which could improve the strength of sinter ore when partially substituting for coke breeze in sintering. Semi-coke features well-development porous structure and higher reaction activity, which predicts that the sintering speed could be elevated to some extent when employing it as a partial replacement of coke breeze, so the studies further suggest that the potential adverse effect of the high reactivity on sintering process could be weakened by adequately coarsening the semi-coke's particle size.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(201202166)the Shenyang City Application Basic Research Foundation(F14-231-1-23)
文摘In the present study, Al-5.5Fe-4Cu-2Zn-0.4Mg-0.5Mn al oy samples were prepared by electromagnetic stirring and semi-solid forming processing, and then the effects of T6 and T1 heat treatments on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the semi-solid forming samples were investigated. The results indicate that after semi-solid forming, the mechanical properties of the sample improved significantly compared to that of the merely electromagnetically stirred sample. The grains of semi-solid forming alloy became almost fine equiaxed; big long strip-shaped Al3 Fe phases became short rod-like morphology and distributed uniformly in the matrix. However, the mechanical properties of the T6-treated semi-solid forming sample decreased significantly instead of increasing and, with solution temperature rising, the tensile strength of the al oy decreased further. The results of EDS show that after high temperature solid-solution treatment, the Cu element in the semi-solid forming alloy sample is mainly concentrated at the boundaries of the Al3 Fe phases instead of being dissolved in the matrix. At the same time, the grains of the semi-solid forming sample grew slightly after solid-solution treatment. Therefore, the growth of the grains and the accumulation of Cu element at Al3 Fe phase boundaries during solution treatment of the semi-solid forming alloy were the main reasons for the mechanical properties decreasing after T6 treatment. The mechanical properties of the alloy were improved after T1 heat treatment due to aging strengthening phase being precipitated in the matrix.
文摘The electronic packaging shell with high silicon carbide aluminum-base composites was prepared by semi-solid thixoforming technique. The flow characteristic of the Si C particulate was analyzed. The microstructures of different parts of the shell were observed by scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy, and the thermophysical and mechanical properties of the shell were tested. The results show that there exists the segregation phenomenon between the Si C particulate and the liquid phase during thixoforming, the liquid phase flows from the shell, and the Si C particles accumulate at the bottom of the shell. The volume fraction of Si C decreases gradually from the bottom to the walls. Accordingly, the thermal conductivities of bottom center and walls are 178 and 164 W·m-1·K-1, the coefficients of thermal expansion(CTE) are 8.2×10-6 and 12.6×10-6 K-1, respectively. The flexural strength decreases slightly from 437 to 347 MPa. The microstructures and properties of the shell show gradient distribution.
