Imaging Transparent Objects in a Turbid Medium Using a Femtosecond Optical Kerr Gate

A femtosecond optical Kerr gate time-gated ballistic imaging method is demonstrated to image a transparent object in a turbid medium. The shape features of the object are obtained by time-resolved selection of the ballistic photons with different optical path lengths, the thickness distribution of the object is mapped, and the maximum is less than 3.6%. This time-resolved ballistic imaging has potential applications in studying properties of the liquid core in the near field of the fuel spray.

A Problem of a Semi-Infinite Medium Subjected to Exponential Heating Using a Dual-Phase-Lag Thermoelastic Model

The problem of a semi-infinite medium subjected to thermal shock on its plane boundary is solved in the context of the dual-phase-lag thermoelastic model. The expressions for temperature, displacement and stress are presented. The governing equations are expressed in Laplace transform domain and solved in that domain. The solution of the problem in the physical domain is obtained by using a numerical method for the inversion of the Laplace transforms based on Fourier series expansions. The numerical estimates of the displacement, temperature, stress and strain are obtained for a hypothetical material. The results obtained are presented graphically to show the effect phase-lag of the heat flux and a phase-lag of temperature gradient on displacement, temperature, stress.

Homogeneous transparent device and its layered realization

Arbitrarily shaped electromagnetic transparent devices with homogeneous, non-negative, anisotropic and generic constitutive parameters are proposed based on linear transformation optics, which provides the flexibility for device design that is applicable for the practical fabrication. To remove the anisotropic property, a layered structure is developed based on effective medium theory. Simulation results show that with sufficient layers, the performance of the layered transparent device is nearly as perfect as an ideal device, and it is able to protect an antenna without sacrificing its performance. The feasibility of designing a transparent device by using natural isotropic materials instead of metamaterials would dramatically reduce the difficulty of fabrication and further promote the practicality of the device.

On Solutions of Generalized Bacterial Chemotaxis Model in a Semi-Solid Medium

In this paper, the Adomian’s decomposition method has been developed to yield approximate solution of bacterial chemotaxis model of fractional order in a semi-solid medium. The fractional derivatives are described in the Caputo sense. The method introduces a promising tool for solving many linear and nonlinear fractional differential equations.

Modification to a Semi-selective Medium for the Isolation and Quantification of the Nematophagous Fungus of Pochonia chlamydosporia

Semi-selective media are valuable tools for detection and isolation of viable fungal propagules. After testing the in vitro sensitivity of Pochonia chlamydosporia to 9 different fungicidal compounds, boscalid and thiophanate-methyl were chosen for a modification of Kerry’s semi-selective agar. Rifampicin replaced tetracyclin to provide superior suppression of bacterial growth. The Pc medium contained 17 g/L corn meal agar, 17.5 g/L (NaCl), 75 mg/L Rose Bengal, 50 mg/L boscalid, 30 mg/L thiophanate-methyl, 50 mg/L rifampicin, 50 mg/L streptomycin sulphate, 50 mg/L chloramphenicol, 3 mL/L Triton X-100. Dilution plating of soil extracts from various California field soils amended with chlamydospores of P. chlamydosporia showed the modified medium was equivalent to Kerry’s agar in enumerating viable propagules of the fungus. While P. chlamydosporia colonies grew slower on the Pc medium, the fungal colonies appeared more uniform than on the original semi-selective agar.

Consideration of transient heat conduction in a semi-infinite medium using homotopy analysis method

In the current work, transient heat conduction in a semi-infinite medium is considered for its many applications in various heat fields. Here, the homotopy analysis method （HAM） is applied to solve this problem and analytical results are compared with those of the exact and integral methods results. The results show that the HAM can give much better approximations than the other approximate methods： Changes in heat fluxes and profiles of temperature are obtained at different times and positions for copper, iron and aluminum.

Sensors for control of water transparency in optical and microwave ranges

In the face of deteriorating environmental conditions in the world,water quality control is an urgent task.It can be solved by creating sensors with high accuracy and low cost,which requires the development of fundamentally new radiophysical methods that take advantage of the optical,microwave and millimeter wavelengths that have a significantly greater sensitivity to low concentrations of pollutants and a lower inertia.The article presents prototypes of measuring cells of the microwave and optical ranges as well as the results of an experimental study of water of various degrees of pollution with their help.The results show that the use of the highly sensitive method of capillary-waveguide resonance makes it possible to detect the presence of micro impurities in water with concentrations up to0.1%and to identify water even from sources of various natural origins.In addition,the use of measurements at several frequencies in the optical range will make it possible to solve the problem of creating water control sensors with high sensitivity to pollution and low cost.It can be concluded that the possibility of complex use of multiwave sensors(optical,infrared and microwave ranges)allows to increase the sensitivity and reliability of water quality assessment.

半透明钙钛矿太阳能电池的研究进展

半透明太阳能电池因其在发电窗户、建筑集成光伏、农业温室等领域的巨大潜力而受到越来越多的关注.钙钛矿因其优异的光电性能和通用的制造方法成为了半透明太阳能电池光吸收材料的理想候选.半透明太阳能电池具有高透明度、颜色可调性等优异性能.因此,为了保证光电转换效率的同时实现良好的透光性,科学界需要继续解决器件结构设计、吸光层和透明电极材料等问题.分析半透明钙钛矿太阳能电池在电极设计、有源层调控以及器件结构的最新研究进展,并探讨半透明钙钛矿太阳能电池当前所面临的问题和未来发展方向.

The Strain/Stress Fields of a Subsurface Rectangular Dislocation Loop Parallel to the Surface of a Half Medium: Analytical Solution with Verification

The strain and stress fields of a rectangular dislocation loop in an isotropic solid that is a semi-infinite medium (half medium) are developed here for a Volterra-type dislocation. Specifically, the loop is parallel to the free surface of the solid. The elastic fields of the dislocation loop are developed by integrating the displacement equation of infinitesimals dislocation loops over a finite rectangular loop area below the free surface. The strains and stress then follow from the small strain tensor and Hooke’s law for isotropic materials, respectively. In this paper, analytical verification and numerical verification for the elastic fields are both demonstrated. Equilibrium equations and strain compatibility equations are applied in the verification. Also, a comparison with a newly-developed numerical method for dislocations near a free surface is performed as well. The developed solution is a function of the loop depth beneath the surface and can be used as a fundamental solution to solve elasticity, plasticity or dislocation problems.

半固体培养法制备非洲猪瘟病毒pA104R蛋白的单克隆抗体

为了快速、高效制备非洲猪瘟病毒(ASFV)单克隆抗体,本研究通过大肠杆菌系统表达并纯化了ASFV重组蛋白pA104R。以ASFV重组蛋白pA104R为抗原,分别比较了CpG ODN联合氢氧化铝佐剂和常规弗氏佐剂两种免疫策略,并重点比较半固体培养法和常规有限稀释法来制备ASFV pA104R单克隆抗体的效率。结果显示,本研究获得了相对分子质量为3.5×104的ASFV重组可溶性蛋白pA104R,通过其与CpG ODN联合氢氧化铝佐剂免疫小鼠,在第21 d即可达到融合要求,本试验方法(重组蛋白pA104R与CpG ODN联合氢氧化铝佐剂免疫)较重组蛋白pA104R与常规弗氏佐剂免疫节省14 d时间。通过半固体培养法筛选单克隆的试验周期比有限稀释法缩短28 d,并减少了亚克隆的工作量。半固体培养法获得5株阳性杂交瘤细胞,挑选效价较高的3株(9A4、9H6、11F5)进行鉴定,重链均为IgG,轻链均为KAPPA。纯化后的3株单克隆抗体针对pA104蛋白和全病毒蛋白质的效价分别达1∶160000~1∶320000和1∶200~1∶400。本研究优选了CpG ODN联合氢氧化铝佐剂结合半固体培养法筛选pA104R的单克隆抗体,为单克隆抗体制备提供了快速高效的新策略。

金属网格-透明导电氧化物复合型透明电极的瑞利分析和仿真

以氧化铟锡(indium tin oxide,ITO)为代表的透明导电氧化物(transparent conducting oxide,TCO)在当前光电器件中的重要性日益增长.通过在TCO中引入金属网格构成复合电极,可以在保持良好透明性的前提下有效提升电学性能,同时降低对铟的需求量,并为可穿戴设备所需的柔性电极提供可能方案.对此类电极的电学性能分析,如复合电极方阻随金属网格结构参数的变化,可为电极设计与制备提供基本的出发点,但相关理论尚十分缺乏.本文针对典型的方孔方格型金属网格-TCO复合电极,分别展开基于瑞利模型和基于有限元仿真的电学性能分析.结果表明,孔型近似导致的金属通道显著畸变是复合电极的电学计算中瑞利模型在中高开口率下失效的主要原因.据此,我们采用格型修正,通过提升瑞利模型中的原胞外边界对称性来改善金属通道的畸变.与电极仿真的对比表明,修正后瑞利模型的适用范围明显扩大,其结果可与实验数据很好地拟合,为此类复合透明电极的电学数据分析与结构设计提供了简洁高效的理论工具.

中高强混凝土抗压强度与气孔分布特征关系模型研究

为探究气孔分布特征与中高强混凝土抗压强度之间的定量关系,采用低场核磁共振成像分析系统与全自动压力试验机开展了不同气孔分布特征下的高强混凝土抗压强度试验。通过对Ryshkewitch半经验公式模型进行验证和改进,建立了中高强混凝土抗压强度与孔结构关系模型。结果表明:混凝土孔隙率会随着砂率和初始含气量的增加而逐渐增加,相比于提高砂率,提高初始含气量更容易得到差异性较大的孔隙率;提高砂率使非毛细孔占比增加了17.2%,毛细孔占比降低了13.0%;提高初始含气量使毛细孔占比增加了12.7%,凝胶孔占比降低了12.6%。基于Ryshkewitch半经验公式改进的模型R~2接近于1,P值<0.05,可以更准确地描述孔隙分布特征与抗压强度的定量关系。

点间隧穿耦合对四能级三量子点电磁感应透明介质孤子动力学的影响

利用概率幅变分近似结合多重尺度法,研究了探测光在两边产生点间隧道耦合的非对称阵列型三量子点电磁诱导透明介质的传播性质.结果表明,由于系统的色散效应和点间隧穿耦合产生的非线性效应相平衡,系统能形成稳定传播的超低速时间光孤子.有趣的是,仅开启一边的点间隧穿耦合(即另一边关闭),随着点间隧穿耦合强度的增加,光孤子的速度呈现出先增大后减小的变化趋势,但光孤子的幅度却一直增大.两边两个点间隧穿耦合强度均开启后,随着点间隧穿强度逐渐的增大,光孤子的幅度随着点间隧穿强度的增大会出现逐渐减小,直到出现一个拐点后才迅速增大;而光孤子的速度相比较于单个隧穿强度的影响会明显降低,且出现停滞的现象.这些结果不但揭示出点间隧道耦合对三量子点电磁感应透明介质光孤子的动力学有着重要影响,而且还预言在半导体量子点器件中可利用点间隧道耦合调节其光孤子传输的幅度.

基于光伏窗技术的室内热环境营造特性研究

半透明光伏窗由于其主动节能的优势,近年来引起了广泛关注。由于半透明光伏窗表面覆盖太阳能电池,可能引起室内热环境过热,影响人体热感觉。然而,目前有关半透明光伏窗建筑室内热环境营造特性的研究仍存在不足。针对上述问题,通过实测半透明光伏窗与白玻房间室内空气温度、辐照度等参数,比较了空调运行工况下两房间内受试者热感觉投票结果。结果显示,在窗户表面高温长波辐射及透过辐照度的短波辐射作用下,半透明光伏窗室内热环境受到较大热辐射的影响。半透明光伏窗房间热感觉投票为中性的结果远高于白玻房间,能够满足人体热舒适和建筑节能的双重要求。

中高压半导电屏蔽电缆料的性能研究

采用热重分析仪、差示扫描量热仪、核磁共振波谱仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、电线电缆半导电橡塑电阻测试仪和熔体流动速率仪等对中高压半导电屏蔽电缆料的基础树脂组成、聚合物分子链结构和电性能等进行剖析。结果表明:进口料和国产料虽然含有大量的炭黑填料,仍具有良好的加工流动性,且在23,90℃下的体积电阻率均较低。

Lu_(2)O_(3)基激光透明陶瓷的研究进展

倍半氧化物Lu_(2)O_(3)因具有优异的热力学性能、低声子能量和强晶体场等特点,成为近红外和中红外光谱(1~3μm)范围内的宽带发射高功率激光基体材料的优秀候选者之一,近年来受到人们的广泛关注。Lu_(2)O_(3)的熔点高达2450℃,单晶生长极为困难,限制了其应用发展。但Lu_(2)O_(3)属于立方晶系,具有光学各向同性,因此制备Lu_(2)O_(3)基透明陶瓷成为一种可行的方案。透明陶瓷可以在较低的温度下(晶体熔点的60%~80%)烧结制备大尺寸样品,同时烧结周期相较于晶体生长周期大幅缩减,更有利于大量生产,因此制备Lu_(2)O_(3)基透明陶瓷作为新型激光介质材料更有潜力被广泛应用于科学研究、工业生产和日常生活。本文总结了基于稀土离子(Nd^(3+)、Er^(3+)、Yb^(3+)、Tm^(3+)、Ho^(3+))掺杂的Lu_(2)O_(3)基激光透明陶瓷的制备工艺及其性能参数的最新研究进展。未来,Lu_(2)O_(3)基激光陶瓷的开发将聚焦在大尺寸、高功率输出、低散射特性、高热稳定性、复合结构设计等方面以推动高性能固体激光器的发展。

Reversible 3D laser printing of perovskite quantum dots inside a transparent medium

With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Chinese Academy of Sciences,the research team led by Prof.Dong GuoPing(董国平)at the State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices,School of Materials Science and Engineering,South China University of Technology,reported reversible 3Dperovskite quantum dot patterns inside a glass by femtosecond laser irradiation and thermal treatment,which was published in Nature Photonics(2020,14(2):82—88).

Semi-transparent polymer solar cells with all-copper nanowire electrodes

Transparent electrodes based on copper nanowires （Cu NWs） have attracted significant attention owing to their advantages including high optical transmittance, good conductivity, and excellent mechanical flexibility. However, low-cost, high-performance, and environmental friendly solar cells with all-Cu NW electrodes have not been realized until now. Herein, top and bottom transparent electrodes based on Cu NWs with low surface roughness and homogeneous conductivity are fabricated. Then, semi-transparent polymer solar cells （PSCs） with the inverted structure of polyacrylate/Cu NWs/poly（3,4- ethylenedioxythiophene）：poly（styrenesulfonate） （PEDOT：PSS） （PH1000）/Y-TiO2/ poly（3-hexylthiophene）：[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid 3,4,5-tris（octyloxy）benzyl/ PEDOT：PSS （4083）/Cu NWs/polyimide/polydimethylsiloxane are constructed; these could absorb light from both sides with a power conversion efficiency reaching 1.97% and 1.85%. Furthermore, the PSCs show an average transmittance of 42% in the visible region, which renders them suitable for some specialized applications such as power-generating windows and building-integrated photovoltaics. The indium tin oxide （ITO）- and noble metal-free PSCs could pave new pathways for fabricating cost-effective semi-transparent PSCs.

Nd^(3)+:YAG-Al_(2)O_(3) nanocrystalline transparent ceramics with high inflexion concentration quenching of Nd^(3+) prepared by amorphous crystallization

Rare earth ion-doped Y_(3)Al_(5)O_(12)(YAG)-based transparent ceramics have been used as important laser gain media for a long time,yet the doping concentration of active ions is limited due to concentration quenching,wherein the inflexion concentration quenching of Nd^(3+)is recognized as 1.0 at%.In this work,YAG-Al_(2)O_(3) nanocrystalline transparent ceramics with a concentration of Nd^(3+)(O-5.0 at%)were fabricated via amorphous crystallization,and the crystal structure evolution,morphology,and optical properties were systematically investigated by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),X-ray powder diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),magnetic resonation(MAS),nuclear magnetic resonation(NMR),and fluorescence spectroscopy.The doping of Nd^(3+)can promote the transition of Al[5]and Al[6]to Al[14],indicating improvements in the ability of the amorphous material to form Nd^(3+):Y_(2)O_(3)-Al_(2)O_(3) vitrified beads,and 1.5 at%Nd^(3+):YAG-Al_(2)O_(3) nanocrystalline transparent ceramics can be obtained by crystallization at 1050℃ with a matrix composed of YAG and concomitant δ-Al_(2)O_(3) and θ-Al_(2)O_(3).The nanocrystalline transparent ceramics show an internal transmitance of 89.56%at 1064 nm,and the strongest emission peak corresponds to the energy transfer from 4F_(3/2) to 4l_(11/2) of Nd^(3+)with a fluorescence lifetime of 231μs when pumped by an 808 nm laser.Specifically,spectral broadening begins to occur,indicating the onset of concentration quenching,when the concentration of Nd^(3+)exceeds 1.5 at%,substantially higher than the 1.0 at% observed in YAG ceramics.YAG-Al_(2)O_(3) nanocrystalline transparent ceramics obtained by amorphous crystalization can be utilized as the matrix to increase the inflexion point of doping concentration quenching of Nd^(3+),and this material may have great potential as a laser gain medium.

具有陷光结构的半透明有机/铜锌锡硫硒四端串联太阳能电池

采用半透明有机太阳能电池和铜锌锡硫硒太阳能电池构成四端串联太阳能器件,并且利用表面具有微型金字塔结构的微米聚二甲基硅氧烷(PS-PDMS)膜的减反射作用来提高太阳能电池的效率。为了研究PS-PDMS的尺寸和放置位置对四端串联太阳能电池性能的影响。制备了尺寸分别为18μm、14μm和9μm微型金字塔结构的PS-PDMS薄膜,比较了不同尺寸下PS-PDMS薄膜的减反射效果,发现9μm尺寸的PS-PDMS薄膜的减反射效果最好。将9μm尺寸的PS-PDMS薄膜用在四端串联太阳能电池的底电池时,四端串联太阳能电池具有最佳效率。最终获得了效率为11.26%的四端串联太阳能电池。与单结铜锌锡硫硒太阳能电池相比,四端串联太阳能电池的最佳效率提高了27.51%。