Emergy-based study on eco-economic system of arid and semi-arid region:a case of Gansu province,China

Taking Gansu province as a model case,this study provides an integrated analysis on the eco-economic system of arid and semi-arid region based on emergy synthesis theory. Through calculating the values of renewable emergy flow,non-renewable resources,imported emergy,exported emergy,waste emergy,and total emergy during the period of 1978-2007,the performance of Gansu eco-economic system was analyzed. The results indicated that the renewable emergy flow within the province basically remained steady state which was estimated at 2.99×1022 solar emjoules (sej) from 1978 to 2007. The imported emergy and exported emergy were estimated at 3.75×1017 sej and 2.99×1020 sej in 1978 and increased to 1.07×1022 sej and 1.44×1022 sej respectively in 2007. The nonrenewable emergy flow was estimated at 1.62×1022 sej and increased to 1.85×1023 sej,with annual growth rate of 8.7%,while the estimated total emergy was 4.58×1022 sej in 1978 and increased to 2.11×1023 sej in 2007,with annual growth rate of 5.41%. Our results indicate a deteriorate situation between economic development and environmental protection in the region. The rapid economic growth in the past thirty years was based on a great consumption of nonrenewable resource and caused continuous decrease in the capacity of sustainable development. The environmental loading ratio was 0.53 in 1978,increased to 6.06 in 2007,indicating a rapid degradation of the regional environment quality. We calculated that the actual population was 1.53 times the renewable resource population in 1978,increased to 7.06 times in 2007. During the period of 1978-2007,the emergy rose from 2.45×1015 sej/(capita·a) to 8.07×1015 sej/(capita·a). Our analysis revealed that the emergy density presented a trend of gradual increase,and then the emergy currency ratio in Gansu decreased from 7.08×1013 sej/Chinese Yuan to 7.82×1012 sej/Chinese Yuan.

不同品种(系)小黑麦在陇中半干旱区的产量与品质分析比较

试验旨在研究10个小黑麦品种(系)生长特性及全株营养品质。运用灰色关联分析法对小黑麦进行综合评价。结果表明,10个小黑麦品种(系)均完成了生育周期,生育期在118~148 d。小黑麦鲜、干草产量分别为20.00~27.55 t/hm^(2)、11.14~16.55 t/hm^(2)。T-138鲜、干草产量最高,T-133蛋白质产量最高。小黑麦的干、鲜草产量与植株分蘖数和枝条数呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);全株蛋白质产量与穗粒数呈极显著负相关(P<0.01);中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维与鲜干比呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。研究表明,T-133和T-138小黑麦品系综合性状较优,在试验区适应性表现较好,可作为陇中半干旱区优质饲草开发。

陇中半干旱区不同地类静水条件土壤入渗分析

以甘肃省兰州市孙家岔流域为研究对象,使用2011年7—10月农坡地、旱梯田不同采样点实测数据,采用SPSS软件和Excel进行拟合分析,重点分析土壤入渗模型、渗水率、地表土壤渗水量,得到了农坡地、旱梯田的入渗模型表达式、地表土壤渗水量与时间的关系式。随着入渗时间的延长,农坡地、旱梯田的土壤渗水率都逐渐降低,但快速下降时间有所不同,农坡地为入渗的前15min,旱梯田为20min。农坡地、旱梯田地表土壤达到相对稳定入渗所需要的时间分别为120、40min,相对稳定入渗率分别为0.90、0.40mm/min;农坡地阳坡的土壤渗透性能要好于农坡地半阴半阳坡,而阴坡最差。

白银市乌金峡一带志留纪中酸性侵入岩特征及构造意义

通过对甘肃省白银市乌金峡一带中酸性侵入体的地质学、岩石化学、地球化学等研究，发现该侵人体高w（Na2O），低w（MgO）、w（TFeO）、w（Al2O3）、w（K2O），w（TiO2）、w（MgO）、w（MnO）、W（TFeO）、w（CaO）、w（K20）与w（SiO2）负相关，w（Na2O）与w（SiO2）正相关；轻、重稀土都有分异，但轻稀土更明显，且轻稀土富集，8（Eu）轻度正异常一亏损，大离子亲石元素Ba、Th、Sr富集，Rb、Li亏损，属同源岩浆演化的产物。岩浆结晶温度为700℃～890℃。形成时代大致为奥陶纪中晚期，属干岛弧构措环境，为中祁谇地块和北祁连洋间相互作用的结果。

陇中南黄土残塬区表土的孢粉和气孔器特征及相关研究

对陇中南黄土残塬区15个采样点表土中的孢粉和气孔器进行了鉴定,在此基础上,对该区域表土孢粉和气孔器的总体特征及不同植被类型表土的孢粉特征进行了分析,并对各采样点进行了聚类分析,对花粉类型和采样点进行了DCA排序分析。结果表明:该区域表土中的孢粉以木本植物花粉为主(花粉百分含量的均值为71.2%),木本植物与草本植物花粉数量比值的均值为2.5,主要孢粉类型有松属(Pinus Linn.)、云杉属(Picea A.Dietr.)、蒿属(Artemisia Linn.)和水龙骨属(Polypodiodes Ching);气孔器只有柏科(Cupressaceae)、松属和云杉属3个类型。针叶林和森林草原表土中的孢粉能够很好地反映母体植被的群落特征,针阔混交林表土中的孢粉能够较好地反映母体植被的群落特征,灌丛表土中的孢粉基本能够反映母体植被的群落特征,落叶阔叶林表土中的孢粉不能反映母体植被的群落特征。聚类分析结果表明:15个采样点被分成Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ5组,分别包含1至3号、4至9号、10号、11至13号及14和15号采样点,并且,Ⅱ组的采样点进一步分成2个小组,而Ⅲ和Ⅳ组的采样点可聚在一起,说明该区域落叶阔叶林表土的孢粉组成差异较大,林地与灌丛和森林草原表土的孢粉组成差异较大,林地边缘区域表土的孢粉组成受外界孢粉散播干扰明显。DCA排序分析结果表明:花粉类型和采样点沿排序轴分类明显。研究结果显示:在陇中南黄土残塬区,松属、云杉属和蒿属植物花粉具有超代表性,孢粉和气孔器数据相结合能够准确指示该区域母体植物的分布状况,利用孢粉的百分含量可较好地区分该区域的植被类型。