A study on the feasibility of CET oral test based on automatic essay marking

This paper discusses the approach to the CET （college English test） oral test based on automatic essay marking （AEM）. The reliability and validity arouses a dispute on Internet-based CET （iB-CET） oral test in China, leading to the penetration into oral test contents in dialogue, description or comment, and question answering. Then, a probe into transformation from a spoken document into a textual document is touched on a conversion ratio of 72% adopted at the present time, AEM to be carried forward being a necessary hypothesis for Afterwards, this paper focuses on the pipeline in AEM with the content features and the language itself, which is established in two different models in marking for extraction and detection. Through experiments, this paper reveals the fact that an iB-CET oral test can be performed perfectly in the pipeline of spoken documents transformed into textual documents which can be automatically marked. Hence the design of the iB-CET oral test reaches its reliability and validity.

应用Beach marking方法检测钢结构疲劳裂纹扩展

掌握裂纹扩展规律是钢结构疲劳性能研究的一个基本问题。本文介绍了一种检测钢结构疲劳裂纹扩展的新型方法,即Beach marking方法。论文首先简述了这种方法测试疲劳裂纹扩展的基本原理,然后通过一个试验案例,展示了这种方法的具体应用和要点试验表明这种方法简单实用,通过运用合适的疲劳荷载序列,可在疲劳断口留下疲劳弧线,从而间接有效地记录了疲劳裂纹的扩展全过程。

The Marking Technology in Motion Capture for the Complex Locomotor Behavior of Flexible Small Animals(Gekko gecko)

Animals have evolved a variety of behavior patterns to adapt to the environment. Motion-capture technology is utilized to quantify and characterize locomotor behaviors to reveal the mechanisms of animal motion. In the capture of flexible, small animals with complex locomotor behaviors, the markers interfere with each other easily, and the motion forms(bending, twisting) of the moving parts are obviously different;thus, it is a great challenge to realize accurate quantitative characterization of complex locomotor behaviors. The correlation between the marker properties, including the size and space length, and the precision of the system are revealed in this paper, and the effects of diverse marker shapes on the capturing accuracy of the captured objects in different motion forms were tested. Results showed that the precision of system is significantly improved when the ratio of the space length to the diameter of the markers is larger than four;for the capture of the spatial twisting motion of the flexible object, the hexagon markers had the lowest spatial lost-marker rate relative to the circle, triangle, and square. Customized markers were used to capture the locomotor behavior of the gecko-inspired robot(rigid connection) and the gecko(flexible connection). The results showed that this marking technology can achieve high accuracy of motion capture for geckos(the average deviation was approximately 0.32 mm, and the average deviation’s variation rate was approximately 0.96%). In this paper, the marking technology for the motion capture of flexible, small animals with complex motion is proposed;it can effectively improve the system precision as well as the capture accuracy, and realize the quantitative characterization of the complex motion of flexible, small objects. It provides a reliable technical means to deeply study the evolution of the motion function of small animals and advance systematic research of motion-capture technology.

A Novel Packet Marking Algorithm in Context-aware Autonomic QoS Framework

Autonomic networking is one of the hot research topics in the research area of future network architectures.In this paper, we introduce context-aware and autonomic attributes into DiffServ QoS framework, and propose a novel autonomic packet marking(APM) algorithm.In the proposed autonomic QoS framework, APM is capable of collecting various QoS related contexts, and adaptively adjusting its behavior to provide better QoS guarantee according to users' requirements and network conditions.Simulation results show that APM provides better performance than traditional packet marker, and significantly improves user's quality of experience.

A Lane-Level Road Marking Map Using a Monocular Camera

The essential requirement for precise localization of a self-driving car is a lane-level map which includes road markings(RMs).Obviously,we can build the lane-level map by running a mobile mapping system(MMS)which is equipped with a high-end 3D LiDAR and a number of high-cost sensors.This approach,however,is highly expensive and ineffective since a single high-end MMS must visit every place for mapping.In this paper,a lane-level RM mapping system using a monocular camera is developed.The developed system can be considered as an alternative to expensive high-end MMS.The developed RM map includes the information of road lanes(RLs)and symbolic road markings(SRMs).First,to build a lane-level RM map,the RMs are segmented at pixel level through the deep learning network.The network is named RMNet.The segmented RMs are then gathered to build a lane-level RM map.Second,the lane-level map is improved through loop-closure detection and graph optimization.To train the RMNet and build a lane-level RM map,a new dataset named SeRM set is developed.The set is a large dataset for lane-level RM mapping and it includes a total of 25157 pixel-wise annotated images and 21000 position labeled images.Finally,the proposed lane-level map building method is applied to SeRM set and its validity is demonstrated through experimentation.

沉默MARK4通过NF-κB信号通路抑制溃疡性结肠炎细胞焦亡和炎症因子表达

目的探讨MARK4(microtubule-affinity regulating kinase 4,MARK4)在脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导的FHC细胞溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)模型中对FHC细胞焦亡、炎症因子释放和肠道屏障相关蛋白表达的影响及其可能分子机制。方法采用Western blot检测UC患者、健康人群结肠组织和LPS诱导的FHC细胞炎症模型中MARK4和细胞焦亡相关的因子Caspase-1、NLRP3和GSDMD的表达水平;通过质粒转染shRNA沉默FHC细胞中MARK4,在正常对照组、LPS组和沉默MARK4+LPS组中采用Western blot分别检测Caspase-1、NLRP3、GSDMD、肠道屏障相关蛋白和NF-κB信号通路相关蛋白的表达水平;ELISA和RT-qPCR检测炎症因子IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α表达水平;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡情况。结果在UC患者结肠组织和LPS诱导FHC细胞体外UC炎症模型中MARK4和焦亡相关蛋白包括NLRP3、Caspase-1和GSDMD的表达水平显著升高。沉默MARK4能够抑制LPS诱导FHC细胞中焦亡相关蛋白NLRP3、Caspase-1、GSDMD表达水平,下调炎症相关细胞因子IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的表达水平,抑制FHC细胞凋亡,上调肠道屏障相关蛋白ZO-1、Occludin表达和上调Claudin2的表达水平。GSEA富集分析显示,MARK4与NF-κB信号通路呈正相关。沉默MARK4能够抑制NF-κB信号通路中p-P65、p-IKKα的表达水平。结论MARK4在UC组织和细胞中显著高表达,沉默MARK4能够通过阻滞NF-κB信号通路激活,进而抑制UC细胞焦亡和炎症因子表达。MARK4可能成为UC患者治疗的一个潜在靶点。

Simple Fabrication of Hierarchical Micro/Nanostructure Superhydrophobic Surface with Stable and Superior Anticorrosion Silicon Steel via Laser Marking Treatment

To improve the weak corrosion resistance of silicon steel to acid solution and alkaline solution with high temperature,a stable hierarchical micro/nanostructure superhydrophobic surface with myriad irregular micro-scale hump and sheet-like nanostructure was successfully prepared on silicon steel by a simple,efficient and facile operation in large-area laser marking treatment.The morphology,composition,wettability of the as-prepared surface were studied.The superhydrophobic performance of the surface was investigated as well.Additionally,the corrosion resistance of the superhydrophobic surface to acidic solutions at room temperature and alkaline solutions at high temperature (80 ℃) was carefully explored.The corrosion resistance mechanism was clarified.Moreover,considering the practical application of the surface in the future,the hardness of the hierarchical micro/nanostructure superhydrophobic surface was studied.The experimental results indicate that the hierarchical micro/nanostructure surface with texture spacing of 100 μm treated at laser scanning speed of 100 mms/ presents superior superhydrophobicity after decreasing surface energy.The contact angle can be as high as 156.6°.Additionally,the superhydrophobic surface provide superior and stable anticorrosive protection for silicon steel in various corrosive environments.More importantly,the prepared structure of the surface shows high hardness,which ensures that the surface of the superhydrophobic surface cannot be destroyed easily.The surface is able to maintain great superhydrophobic performance when it suffers from slight impacting and abrasion.

Semi-Automatic Modeling Technique of Torque Converter Flow Passage

The modeling technique of hydrodynamic torque converter flow passage was investigated. The semi-automatic modeling technique of torque converter flow passage was proposed. The flow passage model of each converter wheel is considered as a revolution entity sliced by two curved surfaces. In order to generate the revolution entity, a new approximation method, condition optimum arc approximation, was proposed. The method was used to approximate the meridional streamlines of the inner and outer wall. As a result, the three-dimensional revolution entity can be conveniently generated. In order to create slice surfaces, the central stream surface of flow passage was approximated with a quadric surface. The normal vector of the quadric surface and the thickness/thickness-function of bade were used to calculate the discrete point coordinates of blade surfaces. Via the rotation transformation to the coordinates, the discrete point coordinates of slice surfaces were obtained. A parameterized program code used for the hydrodynamic torque converter design and semi-automatic modeling was developed. Modeling errors were calculated and analyzed. The flow passage model was generated in several minutes with the help of the program code, Auto CAD and Solidworks software. Finally, the model was inputted into Gambit, and the pre-processing task used for the numerical simulation of torque converter flow field was successfully completed. The investigation results show that the semi-automatic modeling not only can ensure the accuracy of modeling, but also librates the research and design workers of torque converter from the time-consuming modeling work, which paves the way for the numerical simulation of the complex flow field of the hydrodynamic torque converter.

Evidence of return of chum salmon released from Tangwang River by strontium marking method

In order to assess the effect of enhancement release of chum salmon(Oncorhynchus keta),otolith strontium(Sr)marking method was used to tag chum salmon released in Tangwang River in 2016.The homing chum salmon were detected and the samples were collected in Tangwang River,Ussuri River and Suifen River in the autumn of2018.The samples were analyzed by examining Sr and calcium(Ca)fingerprints in the otolith using electron probe microanalysis.The results suggested that two samples collected in Tangwang River had the marking ring near the core of otolith where the Sr concentration and Sr/Ca ratio were significantly higher than comparative samples.Proving that the two fish belonged to the released population in Tangwang River in 2016.This article indicated the success of the enhancement release of chum salmon from the Tangwang River for the first time and also confirmed the validity of Sr marking in enhancement release of fishes.

Fragile Watermarking of 3D Models Using Genetic Algorithms

This paper describes a novel algorithm for fragile watermarking of 3D models. Fragile watermarking requires detection of even minute intentional changes to the 3D model along with the location of the change. This poses a challenge since inserting random amount of watermark in all the vertices of the model would generally introduce perceptible distortion. The proposed algorithm overcomes this challenge by using genetic algorithm to modify every vertex location in the model so that there is no perceptible distortion. Various experimental results are used to justify the choice of the genetic algorithm design parameters. Experimental results also indicate that the proposed algorithm can accurately detect location of any mesh modification.

Reasons and countermeasures for “marking problem” during the production of double-walled copper-brazed steel tubes

This study explores the reasons underlying the frequent appearance of ＂marking problem＂ during the production of double-walled copper-brazed steel tubes. To this end, we compared two types of copper-coated steel strips, of which one has almost no problem during production, whereas the other has higher number of incidences of ＂marking problem＂. We analyzed the chemical composition,mechanical properties,the cross-sectional metallographs, and surface quality of the trimmed edge in both types of specimen. After the roll forming process, the bonding condition between the steel layers of the tubes before and after brazing process has also been examined. Results indicate that the chemical composition and mechanical properties of the two kinds of strips are similar; however, the edge quality of the trimmed strips is significantly different. It is believed that the irregular shape of the edge portions in the strips will be more pronounced during the bevel treatment. Consequently, smooth and tight seams cannot be guaranteed by such uneven beveled edges,which lead to higher number of incidences of ＂marking problem＂ during production.

基于三圆轨迹规划的MARKⅢ型LNG薄膜舱波纹板机器人焊接

MARKⅢ型LNG薄膜舱波纹板的焊接质量是LNG船建造成功与否的关键之一。为了实现MARKⅢ型LNG薄膜舱1.2mm厚304L不锈钢波纹板的机器人焊接,研究了基于“三圆”连接构思的波纹板机器人焊接的轨迹规划模型,通过模型计算了沿波纹板轨迹焊接过程中的焊枪位置和焊枪姿态坐标,并对模型和计算的结果进行了仿真验证;在此基础上,进行了不锈钢波纹板机器人搭接焊的脉冲等离子弧焊的工艺优化研究。结果表明:本文建立的波纹板机器人焊接的“三圆”轨迹规划模型以及基于该模型计算的焊枪位姿坐标准确;基于模型和计算,结合优化后的脉冲等离子弧焊工艺参数,实现了焊缝成形良好的MARKⅢ型LNG薄膜舱1.2mm厚304L不锈钢波纹板搭接的机器人焊接,焊缝成形达到了法国GTT公司标准文件中提供的成形尺寸标准。

Glass Marking with CO₂Laser: Experimental Study of the Interaction Laser - Material

Laser marking is a laser processing technology used in many fields of industry like automotive [1], aerospace [2], microelectronic [3] and medecine [4]. CO2 laser is an appropriate source for marking glasses [5]. Compared to the other techniques of marking, the principal advantages of the use of the laser are: made inalterable, high degree of accuracy and the smoothness of the features, the possibility of marking at difficult to reach places, and the fact of being able to mark fragile materials like ceramic and glass [6]. In this experimental work, the influence of marking parameters like interaction time laser-glass, laser power, shooting time etc. on the micromarking precision are reported. A “melt” depth prediction model has been established.

Optimization Model of Oil-Volume Marking with Tilted Oil Tank

In this paper, the relationship model between the oil volume and the vertically tilting parameter (α), the horizontally tilting parameter (β) and the displayed height of oil (h*) is first constructed with the tilted oil tank. Then, based on the data of the oil output volume at different time of day, an optimization model of oil-volume marking with tilted oil tank is established. Finally, parameters α = 2.2° and β = 3.05° are estimated by using nonlinear least squares method and the marking number of the tank-volume meter is given.

Integration of User-system View for Cyber Crime Analysis： A Semi-automatic Approach

There is a rapid rise in cybercrime cases. There does not exist any effective forensic methods to deal with these eybercrime cases. Investigators are required to study the details of a large amount of tedious source in order to understand the crime model and dig out the evidence. This requires a lot of effort and may result in human errors. In order to overcome these potential errors that may cause by the investigators, we propose a semi-automatic approach that integrates the user view （based on a high level study of the forensic investigator） and the system view （based on the automatic analysis of the source codes） to assist investigators in refining the scope of the investigation. The approach has been verified using a real cybercrime case and the method has been shown to be effective in assisting the investigators in refining the scope of investigation and understanding the crime model. The semi-automatic approach has improved the efficiency and reliability of the digital forensic analysis of cybercrime cases involving large volume of digital evidence from multiple sources.

Soil Mapping of a Small Watershed in a Brazilian Savanna Biome: A Semi-Automatic Approach

The objective of this work is to propose a semi-automatic methodology for the creation of a semidetailed to detailed watershed’s soil map. This methodological proposal is based on the traditional method (field work and photo interpretation) and on morphometric variables analysis, using data originated from the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) program. The steps taken through this methodological proposal were the identification of the hydromorphic areas boundaries through interpretation of aerial orthophotographs;the compartmentalization of the relief through color composition techniques using the morphometric variables—slope, altimetry and horizontal curvature;the development of a pedological database based on data gathered in the field;the elaboration of a preliminary soil map based on the compartmentalized relief and on the dataset of the soils sampled in the field;the elaboration and adjustment of the final soil map according to the interpretation of aerial photographs and also the physical and chemical analyses of the soils. This semi-automatic methodology demonstrated improved efficiency in defining the soil units, reducing operation time and subjectivity of the process, thereby contributing to the systematization of soil mapping at watershed level in scale 1:50,000, as well as, promoting better knowledge between the relation of the geomorphic and soil variables in the Brazilian Savanna Cerrado.

A Semi-automatic Method Based on Statistic for Mandarin Semantic Structures Extraction in Specific Domains

This paper proposed a new method of semi-automatic extraction for semantic structures from unlabelled corpora in specific domains. The approach is statistical in nature. The extracted structures can be used for shallow parsing and semantic labeling. By iteratively extracting new words and clustering words, we get an inital semantic lexicon that groups words of the same semantic meaning together as a class. After that, a bootstrapping algorithm is adopted to extract semantic structures. Then the semantic structures are used to extract new

Degradation of Retro-Reflectivity of Thermoplastic Pavement Markings: A Review

For an effective thermoplastic pavement marking replacement strategy, the rate at which the marking’s retro-reflectivity deteriorates in service must be well established in order to avoid re-stripping that is too soon or too late. Against this background, this paper undertook a review of models that deal with degradation of thermoplastic pavement markings under different traffic and environmental conditions in order to establish service life and the terminal retro-reflectivity levels that have informed re-striping. Service life in the context of this paper is the time taken for a newly-installed marking to degrade to some minimum retro-reflectivity level below which motorists would find it difficult to navigate on the carriageway under night-time and poor visibility conditions. It was established that the minimum retro-reflectivity requiring re-stripping intervention reported varied, although commonly-adopted values tended to range from 50 mcd/m2/lx to 150 mcd/m2/lx. A number of empirical models, based on site specific conditions, have been developed by researchers using field data, to estimate marking retro-reflectivity at any time since placement. Whereas some of the models used time as the only independent variable, others used a combination of time, traffic level and a few other parameters to estimate retro-reflectivity. Even though degradation of marking retro-reflectivity is a reflection, among other things of material degeneration impacted by environmental and service conditions, almost all the models reviewed failed to consider environmental factors. Additionally, for some of the models, non-inclusion of the initial retro-reflectivity level and their generally low coefficient of determination statistic erode the confidence in their reliability.

Movement of Autonomous Vehicles in Work Zone Using New Pavement Marking: A New Approach

The autonomous vehicles are the future of mobility across the globe and are expected to touch the lives of every person of all ages. But this comes with certain challenges regarding safety, reliability, cost, legal framework, regulations, etc. however, of all the concern safety and reliability are of utmost importance for researchers and engineers. The current research is focused on the movement of the autonomous vehicle in the work zone. The work zone is one of the most challenging areas for the autonomous vehicle to drive from. This is because the work zones are very dynamic, and all the construction activities are specific to the site condition and cannot always be predefined. The study provides a concept of how pavement marking can be used for smooth movement through the complicated work zone. In this study, various pavement marking signs have been designed as a concept considering the standard colors and striping width being used in the Manual of Uniform Traffic control device (MUTCD). The study assumes that the movement of the autonomous vehicle will not be exclusive and that it will move with the driver driven vehicle. It is expected that autonomous vehicles will require special pavement marking and signage for smooth movement through the work zone. These pavement marking and signage will eventually become part of standard Traffic Control Plans (TCP) and Maintenance of Traffic Plans (MOT). The research aims to study the current research being done in this area and technology being used for detecting various pavement markings and signages.

Shaped Refractory Products-Packing, Marking,Transportation and Storage

1 Scope This standard specifies the technical requirement of the packing, marking, transportation and storage of shaped refractory products.