Adaptive Method’s Application for the Identification Systems in Dynamic Weighing

In this work,the possibility of adaptive algorithm in WIM(weight-in-motion)systems,in which fibre optic sensors are used,is shown.Appointment of dynamic weighing device consists in determining the weight and type of vehicle.In this work an algorithm for processing the input data and fiber optic sensor to create the database used in the algorithm is presented.The results of the algorithm for the identification of vehicles are given.The conclusions are made and options of increasing the accuracy of the identification algorithm are considered.

Adjusting precipitation measurements from the TRwS204 automatic weighing gauge in the Qilian Mountains, China

With the popularity of the automatic precipitation gauges in national weather stations,testing their performance and adjusting their measurements are top priorities. Additionally,because different climatic conditions may have different effects on the performance of the precipitation gauges, it is also necessary to test the gauges in different areas. This study mainly analyzed precipitation measurements from the single-Altershielded TRwS204 automatic weighing gauge(TRwS_(SA)) relative to the adjusted manual measurements(reference precipitation) from the Chinese standard precipitation gauge in a doublefence wind shield(CSPG_(DF)) in the Hulu watershed in the Qilian Mountains, China. The measurements were compared over the period from August 2014 to July2017, and the transfer function derived from the work by Kochendorfer et al.(2017 a) for correcting windinduced losses was applied to the TRwS_(SA) measurements. The results show that the average loss of TRwS_(SA) measurements relative to the reference precipitation decreased from 0.55 mm(10.7%) to 0.51 mm(9.9%) for rainfall events, from 0.35 mm(8.5%)to 0.22 mm(5.3%) for sleet events, and from 0.49 mm(18.9%) to 0.33 mm(12.7%) for snowfall events after adjustment. The uncorrected large biases of TRwS_(SA) measurements are considered to be mainly caused by specific errors of TRwS_(SA), different gauge orifice area and random errors. These types of errors must be considered when comparing precipitation measurements for different gauge types, especially in the mountains.

Credibility and Security of Weighing System for Large Structure Object

The weighing system designed for large structure object is mainly composed of three parts. The part of hydraulic system is made up of hydraulic cylinders, high pressure hydraulic hoses and electric pumps; the part of computer controlling system comprises pressure sensors, displacement sensors, data acquisitions, RS 485 network and the computer controlling model; the part of loading system is composed of the fulcrum structure and the concrete girder. The measurement principle and composition of the weighing system are discussed in this paper. Credibility and security of the weighing system are fully considered during the design phase. The hydraulic system is controlled by pilot operated check valves in case of the sudden loss of system pressure. The states of all gauges and RS485 network are monitored by computer controlling system functioning in different modules. When the system is running incorrectly, it will be switched to manual mode and give alarm. The finite element method is employed to analyze fulcrum structure so that the system has enough intensity to be lifted. Hence the reliability of the whole system is enhanced.

Adjustment of precipitation measurements using Total Rain weighing Sensor(TRwS)gauges in the cryospheric hydrometeorology observation(CHOICE)system of the Qilian Mountains,Northwest China

Precipitation is one of the most important indicators of climate data,but there are many errors in precipitation measurements due to the influence of climatic conditions,especially those of solid precipitation in alpine mountains and at high latitude areas.The measured amount of precipitation in those areas is frequently less than the actual amount of precipitation.To understand the impact of climatic conditions on precipitation measurements in the mountainous areas of Northwest China and the applicability of different gauges in alpine mountains,we established a cryospheric hydrometeorology observation(CHOICE)system in 2008 in the Qilian Mountains,which consists of six automated observation stations located between 2960 and 4800 m a.s.l.Total Rain weighing Sensor(TRwS)gauges tested in the World Meteorological Organization-Solid Precipitation Intercomparison Experiment(WMO-SPICE)were used at observation stations with the CHOICE system.To study the influence of climatic conditions on different types of precipitation measured by the TRwS gauges,we conducted an intercomparison experiment of precipitation at Hulu-1 station that was one of the stations in the CHOICE system.Moreover,we tested the application of transfer functions recommended by the WMO-SPICE at this station using the measurement data from a TRwS gauge from August 2016 to December 2020 and computed new coefficients for the same transfer functions that were more appropriate for the dataset from Hulu-1 station.The new coefficients were used to correct the precipitation measurements of other stations in the CHOICE system.Results showed that the new parameters fitted to the local dataset had better correction results than the original parameters.The environmental conditions of Hulu-1 station were very different from those of observation stations that provided datasets to create the transfer functions.Thus,root-mean-square error(RMSE)of solid and mixed precipitation corrected by the original parameters increased significantly by the averages of 0.135(353%)and 0.072 mm(111%),respectively.RMSE values of liquid,solid and mixed precipitation measurements corrected by the new parameters decreased by 6%,20% and 13%,respectively.In addition,the new parameters were suitable for correcting precipitation at other five stations in the CHOICE system.The relative precipitation(RP)increment of different types of precipitation increased with rising altitude.The average RP increment value of snowfall at six stations was the highest,reaching 7%,while that of rainfall was the lowest,covering 3%.Our results confirmed that the new parameters could be used to correct precipitation measurements of the CHOICE system.

Semi-Automatic Modeling Technique of Torque Converter Flow Passage

The modeling technique of hydrodynamic torque converter flow passage was investigated. The semi-automatic modeling technique of torque converter flow passage was proposed. The flow passage model of each converter wheel is considered as a revolution entity sliced by two curved surfaces. In order to generate the revolution entity, a new approximation method, condition optimum arc approximation, was proposed. The method was used to approximate the meridional streamlines of the inner and outer wall. As a result, the three-dimensional revolution entity can be conveniently generated. In order to create slice surfaces, the central stream surface of flow passage was approximated with a quadric surface. The normal vector of the quadric surface and the thickness/thickness-function of bade were used to calculate the discrete point coordinates of blade surfaces. Via the rotation transformation to the coordinates, the discrete point coordinates of slice surfaces were obtained. A parameterized program code used for the hydrodynamic torque converter design and semi-automatic modeling was developed. Modeling errors were calculated and analyzed. The flow passage model was generated in several minutes with the help of the program code, Auto CAD and Solidworks software. Finally, the model was inputted into Gambit, and the pre-processing task used for the numerical simulation of torque converter flow field was successfully completed. The investigation results show that the semi-automatic modeling not only can ensure the accuracy of modeling, but also librates the research and design workers of torque converter from the time-consuming modeling work, which paves the way for the numerical simulation of the complex flow field of the hydrodynamic torque converter.

A New Correction Method of Electronic-weighing System for Blast Furnace

In the injection of pulverized coal into a blast furnace, there are some factors which affect the readout of electronic weighing system. Through analyzing the measuring errors, it is found that the main reasons are pressure fluctuations of storage tank and puffing tank. According to the interaction of pressures, a neural network based method combined with fuzzy logic is adopted to enhance the precision. Experimental results show this method is satisfactory.

Some Construction Methods of A-Optimum Chemical Balance Weighing Designs

Some new construction methods of the optimum chemical balance weighing designs and pairwise efficiency and variance balanced designs are proposed, which are based on the incidence matrices of the known symmetric balanced incomplete block designs. Also the conditions under which the constructed chemical balance weighing designs become A-optimal are also been given.

Some Construction Methods of Optimum Chemical Balance Weighing Designs III

Methods of constructing the optimum chemical balance weighing designs from symmetric balanced incomplete block designs are proposed with illustration. As a by-product pairwise efficiency and variance balanced designs are also obtained.

A Comparison of Weighing Methods Prior to Fusion Preparing Iron Samples for XRF Analysis

Sample preparation by fusion for XRF analysis is all about knowing the exact weights of the sample and the flux (sample-to-flux ratio). The whole analytical chain, including the weighing step in sample preparation prior to fusion, is of crucial importance to get precise and accurate x-ray fluorescence (XRF) results. Consequently, the weighing method will affect the quality of the analytical results given by the spectrometer. In this study, the effects of different weighing methods on the precision (RSD) of the obtained XRF results are compared to determine the best weighing method for sample preparation by fusion in terms of comparable precisions in the XRF results.

Soil Mapping of a Small Watershed in a Brazilian Savanna Biome: A Semi-Automatic Approach

The objective of this work is to propose a semi-automatic methodology for the creation of a semidetailed to detailed watershed’s soil map. This methodological proposal is based on the traditional method (field work and photo interpretation) and on morphometric variables analysis, using data originated from the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) program. The steps taken through this methodological proposal were the identification of the hydromorphic areas boundaries through interpretation of aerial orthophotographs;the compartmentalization of the relief through color composition techniques using the morphometric variables—slope, altimetry and horizontal curvature;the development of a pedological database based on data gathered in the field;the elaboration of a preliminary soil map based on the compartmentalized relief and on the dataset of the soils sampled in the field;the elaboration and adjustment of the final soil map according to the interpretation of aerial photographs and also the physical and chemical analyses of the soils. This semi-automatic methodology demonstrated improved efficiency in defining the soil units, reducing operation time and subjectivity of the process, thereby contributing to the systematization of soil mapping at watershed level in scale 1:50,000, as well as, promoting better knowledge between the relation of the geomorphic and soil variables in the Brazilian Savanna Cerrado.

Integration of User-system View for Cyber Crime Analysis： A Semi-automatic Approach

There is a rapid rise in cybercrime cases. There does not exist any effective forensic methods to deal with these eybercrime cases. Investigators are required to study the details of a large amount of tedious source in order to understand the crime model and dig out the evidence. This requires a lot of effort and may result in human errors. In order to overcome these potential errors that may cause by the investigators, we propose a semi-automatic approach that integrates the user view （based on a high level study of the forensic investigator） and the system view （based on the automatic analysis of the source codes） to assist investigators in refining the scope of the investigation. The approach has been verified using a real cybercrime case and the method has been shown to be effective in assisting the investigators in refining the scope of investigation and understanding the crime model. The semi-automatic approach has improved the efficiency and reliability of the digital forensic analysis of cybercrime cases involving large volume of digital evidence from multiple sources.

A Semi-automatic Method Based on Statistic for Mandarin Semantic Structures Extraction in Specific Domains

This paper proposed a new method of semi-automatic extraction for semantic structures from unlabelled corpora in specific domains. The approach is statistical in nature. The extracted structures can be used for shallow parsing and semantic labeling. By iteratively extracting new words and clustering words, we get an inital semantic lexicon that groups words of the same semantic meaning together as a class. After that, a bootstrapping algorithm is adopted to extract semantic structures. Then the semantic structures are used to extract new

Weighing axle weight of moving vehicle based on empirical mode decomposition

Dynanfic forces are the main factor that influences the axle weight measurement accuracy of moving vehicle. Empirical mode decomposition （EMD） is presented to separate the dynamic forces contained in the axle weight signal. The concept and algorithm of EMD are introduced. The characteristic of the axle weight signal is analyzed. The method of judging pseudo intrinsic mode function （pseudo-IMF） is presented to improve the weighing accuracy. Numerical simulation and field experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of EMD. The result shows effectiveness of the proposed method. Maximum weighing errors of the front axle, the rear axle and the gross weight at the speed of 15 km/h or lower are 2.22%, 6.26% and 4.11% respectively.

基于滤膜称重法的自动化粉尘质量浓度检测装置的研究

传统滤膜称重法操作过程繁琐、检测周期长,且自动化程度低,虽精度高但无法满足粉尘质量浓度实时检测需求。设计了粉尘质量浓度自动检测装置,通过建立温湿度补偿模型,替代手工称重法中采样后滤膜烘干的步骤,进一步缩减粉尘质量浓度检测时间以及粉尘质量浓度检测装置体积。搭建试验样机并调试实验,结果表明,煤矿井下常用的CCZ-20A型粉尘采样器与本装置检测得到的粉尘质量折算浓度经过计算其标准偏差在5%以内,一元线性回归拟合分析下的实验数据拟合相关性较好。为进一步提升装置的检测精度,研究基于傅里叶级数、线性拟合以及周期拟合相结合的误差补偿方法,设计出装置浓度计算流程并代入原始数据中,将该装置检测浓度误差由原始的(-7.20%,-1.26%)集中至(-3.64%,3.65%)。引入装置浓度计算流程后进行多次对比实验,实验结果显示装置浓度检测误差均在此区间内,验证了装置浓度计算流程的可靠性。该装置缩短了粉尘质量浓度检测所需时间,同时检测误差控制在合理的范围内,进而为滤膜称重法在粉尘质量浓度在线监测方面的研究提供一定的参考。

空气中双称重法砝码体积测量方法实验研究

以质量1 g~5 kg的标准砝码为对象,开展了空气中双称重法和静水力学法砝码体积测量比对实验研究。提出一种辅助砝码盘的砝码体积测量方法,解决了1~5 g小砝码体积测量不能直接加载到秤盘上的问题。利用Monte Carlo法评定了砝码体积测量的不确定度,结果发现双称重法和静水力学法测得的砝码体积及其不确定度一致性很好,砝码标称质量在1 g~1 kg之间时砝码体积相对不确定度随着标称质量增加而减小,质量超过1 kg时相对不确定度随着标称质量增加而增加。

基于网络开放数据的区域消防救援总体有效覆盖率评估

高效准确地掌握消防救援有效覆盖率是优化消防站点资源配置的前提。将判断是否有效覆盖的消防救援行程时间阈值定为240 s,建立了基于时间加权的区域消防救援总体有效覆盖率评估模型。基于网络开放数据收集了长沙的50座消防站作为消防救援供给点、5746家被抽查到的社会单位作为消防救援需求点,并调用网络地图应用程序编程接口基于实时路况来仿真消防救援行程时间。在连续7 d内设置197个评估场景,共获得了1131962个有效样本,进而得出:长沙消防救援总体有效覆盖率为21.22%,结果等级为“C”,消防救援水平一般,需加强消防站建设。这种基于网络开放数据的区域消防救援有效覆盖率评估,具备高效和准确的特点,可为优化消防站点资源配置、提升公共安全水平提供关键理论和方法支撑。

动态称重式果品分选机设计与试验

目的:解决中国鲜果人工分选准确率低、效率低、劳动强度大和生产成本高的问题。方法:基于果品质量分类法研制一款新型动态称重式果品分选机,该机具基于高精度称重单元采集的果品质量,然后经信号处理模块和PLC协同对采集的数据进行处理并控制起弹器,根据水果质量实现果品的分级。该机具可连续实现果品(直径≤126 mm)的上料、称重、分选作业。结果:当分选效率分别为18327,14400,10473个/h时,分选准确率平均值分别为95.31%,96.12%,97.13%,损伤率分别为1.09%,1.11%,1.15%;水果分选速度显著影响分选的准确率,对果品损伤率影响不明显。结论:该新型动态称重式果品分选机能够在保持分选准确率>95%的前提下有效提升果品分选的效率且对果品损伤较小。

实测车流作用下大跨悬索桥吊索疲劳性能分析

为研究车辆长期作用下悬索桥吊索的疲劳性能,以南京栖霞山长江大桥为工程背景,利用该桥动态称重系统的实测数据,采用有限混合分布拟合了车辆荷载模型.然后,基于时间权重矩阵模拟了桥面多车道随机车流,并基于Ansys计算了随机车流作用下的桥梁动力时程响应.在上述基础上,获取了大桥短吊索、长吊索和限位吊索3组典型吊索的应力时程,并采用名义应力法对其疲劳性能进行分析.结果表明:在随机车流作用下,大部分时间段内吊索应力波动较为平稳;各吊索应力变化趋势与车流量的变化密切相关,短吊索、长吊索以及限位吊索的最大应力幅分别为40、30和25 MPa;在车辆荷载的长期作用下,短吊索的疲劳可靠度显著低于长吊索与限位吊索.

基于密度峰值的标签传播算法

随着智能技术应用的推广,高质量社区的检测已成为社会网络研究的热点之一。由于具有线性时间复杂度,且无需预定义目标函数和社团数,标签传播算法(LPA)已得到广泛关注。然而,在标签传播过程中,LPA具有不确定性和随机性,进而影响检测社区结果的准确性和稳定性。为此,提出一种基于密度峰值的标签传播社区检测方法(DPC-RWL)。首先,采用密度峰值聚类算法查找出社区的核心节点集合,计算节点与核心节点集之间的权重,选取最大值为该节点赋予权值。最后,使用基于标签传播算法的归属度函数进行传播。真实网络和LFR人工基准网络的对比实验表明,所提算法能准确高效地识别出社区结构。

基于检修工艺的固定式地铁车辆称重系统应用研究

随着地铁的快速发展以及乘客对乘车舒适性要求的提高,整个地铁行业对车辆运行品质和性能的要求也越来越高。地铁车辆称重系统可实现对地铁车辆的精准调平,为行车安全提供保障。文章对地铁车辆称重系统现状进行分析,基于西安地铁2号线的检修工艺设计,介绍地铁车辆称重系统在车辆段检修工艺中应用的必要性,以及其在西安地铁2号线渭河车辆段中的应用实例。相关研究结论和建议可为地铁车辆称重系统在车辆段检修工艺设计及应用方面提供参考。