Rocks are increasingly used in extreme environments characterised by high loading rates and high confining pressures.Thus the fracture properties of rocks under dynamic loading and confinements are critical in various...Rocks are increasingly used in extreme environments characterised by high loading rates and high confining pressures.Thus the fracture properties of rocks under dynamic loading and confinements are critical in various rock mechanics and rock engineering problems.Due to the transient nature of dynamic loading,the dynamic fracture tests of rocks are much more challenging than their static counterparts.Understanding the dynamic fracture behaviour of geomaterials relies significantly on suitable and reliable dynamic fracture testing methods.One of such methods is the notched semi-circle bend(NSCB)test combined with the advanced split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)system,which has been recommended by the International Society for Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering(ISRM)as the standard method for the determination of dynamic fracture toughness.The dynamic NSCB-SHPB method can provide detailed insights into dynamic fracture properties including initiation fracture toughness,fracture energy,propagation fracture toughness and fracture velocity.This review aims to fully describe the detailed principles and state-of-the-art applications of dynamic NSCB-SHPB techniques.The history and principles of dynamic NSCB-SHPB tests for rocks are outlined,and then the applications of dynamic NSCB-SHPB method(including the measurements of initiation and propagation fracture toughnesses and the limiting fracture velocity,the size effect and the digital image correlation(DIC)experiments)are discussed.Further,other applications of dynamic NSCB-SHPB techniques(i.e.the thermal,moisture and anisotropy effects on the dynamic fracture properties of geomaterials,and dynamic fracture toughness of geomaterials under pre-loading and hydrostatic pressures)are presented.展开更多
This paper presents an attempt at the application of catastrophe theory to the stability analysis of J-controlled crack growth in three-point bending specimens. By introducing the solutions of J-integral in the comple...This paper presents an attempt at the application of catastrophe theory to the stability analysis of J-controlled crack growth in three-point bending specimens. By introducing the solutions of J-integral in the completely yielding state for the ideal plastic material, the critical condition of losing stability for the crack propagation in the specimen is obtained, based on the cusp catastrophe theory. The process of the crack growth from geometrical sense is described.展开更多
The asymmetric semi-circular bend(ASCB)specimen has been proposed to investigate the cracking behavior in different geo and construction materials and attracted the attention of researchers due to its advantages.Howev...The asymmetric semi-circular bend(ASCB)specimen has been proposed to investigate the cracking behavior in different geo and construction materials and attracted the attention of researchers due to its advantages.However,there are few studies on the fracture toughness determination of rock materials.In this work,a series of fracture tests were performed with the ASCB specimens made of granite.The onset of fracture,crack initiation angle and crack propagating trajectory was analyzed in detail combined with several mixed mode fracture criteria.The influence of the crack length on the mode Ⅰ/Ⅱ fracture toughness was studied.A comparison between the fracture toughness ratios predicted by varying criteria and experimental results was conducted.The relationship between experimentally determined crack initiation angles and curves of the generalized maximum tangential stress(GMTS)criterion was obtained.The fracture process of the specimen was recorded with the high-speed camera.The shortcomings of the ASCB specimens for the fracture toughness determination of rock materials were discussed.The results may provide a reference for analysis of mixed mode I and II fracture behavior of brittle materials.展开更多
A single three point bend specimen compliance method for determining JIC of high strength high fracture toughness steels is presented and a formula for calculatinff J-integral is proposed as follows.It is simple and v...A single three point bend specimen compliance method for determining JIC of high strength high fracture toughness steels is presented and a formula for calculatinff J-integral is proposed as follows.It is simple and valid for high strength high fracture toughness steels. The values of JIC and KIC measured by this method are in good agreement with those measured by standard test method.展开更多
To investigate the influence of loading rate and high temperature on the dynamic fracture toughness of rock,dynamic fracture tests were carried out on notched semi-circular bend specimens under four temperature condit...To investigate the influence of loading rate and high temperature on the dynamic fracture toughness of rock,dynamic fracture tests were carried out on notched semi-circular bend specimens under four temperature conditions based on the split Hopkinson pressure bar system.Experimental and analytical methods were applied to investigating the effect of temperature gradient on the stress waves.A high-speed camera was used to check the fracture characteristics of the specimens.The results demonstrate that the temperature gradient on the bars will not significantly distort the shape of the stress wave.The dynamic force balance is achieved even when the specimens are at a temperature of 400°C.The dynamic fracture toughness linearly develops with the increase of loading rate within the temperature range of 25-400°C,and high temperature has a strengthening effect on the dynamic fracture toughness.展开更多
为研究3D打印混凝土弯曲疲劳性能,通过216根3D打印试件弯曲疲劳试验,分析不同钢纤维体积率ρ_(f)和纤维长度l_f对构件弯拉强度和弯曲疲劳性能的影响规律,基于双参数Weibull分布理论推导不同失效概率下的疲劳寿命计算公式,提出不同失效...为研究3D打印混凝土弯曲疲劳性能,通过216根3D打印试件弯曲疲劳试验,分析不同钢纤维体积率ρ_(f)和纤维长度l_f对构件弯拉强度和弯曲疲劳性能的影响规律,基于双参数Weibull分布理论推导不同失效概率下的疲劳寿命计算公式,提出不同失效概率下的疲劳方程lg S=lg a-b lg N,并进一步分析钢纤维ρ_(f)l_(f)/d_(f)对构件疲劳性能的影响规律。研究结果表明:3D打印混凝土构件疲劳破坏实际是钢纤维发挥阻裂作用的过程,在裂缝产生、扩展、收缩、再扩展、再收缩直至破坏的过程中,裂缝的宽度、长度和深度一直在发生变化,从宏观角度是材料强度和弹性模量不断下降的过程,而微观角度是材料内部组织结构不断劣化的过程。3D打印构件中掺入的钢纤维能够有效阻止横向裂缝的产生和扩展,显著提升混凝土构件的抗弯拉强度、阻裂能力和耐疲劳性能,使其破坏形式由突然脆性破坏过渡为具有韧性的塑性破坏。钢纤维ρ_(f)l_(f)/d_(f)是影响构件抗弯拉疲劳性能的重要因素,在相同的应力比S=0.65作用下,钢纤维ρ_(f)l_(f)/d_(f)由0增至0.60时,构件疲劳次数N提高了252%;相同的疲劳次数N=10^(6)作用下,钢纤维ρ_(f)l_(f)/d_(f)由0增至0.60时,应力比提高了9.15%。3D打印混凝土试件中,钢纤维体积率ρ_(f)比钢纤维长度l_f对疲劳性能的影响程度更明显。研究结果为进一步推动3D打印技术在道路、桥梁等基础设施领域的应用,促进交通行业智能化、工业化发展具有重要意义。展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)through the Discovery Grant No.72031326supported by Mitacs through the Mitacs Accelerate Programme
文摘Rocks are increasingly used in extreme environments characterised by high loading rates and high confining pressures.Thus the fracture properties of rocks under dynamic loading and confinements are critical in various rock mechanics and rock engineering problems.Due to the transient nature of dynamic loading,the dynamic fracture tests of rocks are much more challenging than their static counterparts.Understanding the dynamic fracture behaviour of geomaterials relies significantly on suitable and reliable dynamic fracture testing methods.One of such methods is the notched semi-circle bend(NSCB)test combined with the advanced split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)system,which has been recommended by the International Society for Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering(ISRM)as the standard method for the determination of dynamic fracture toughness.The dynamic NSCB-SHPB method can provide detailed insights into dynamic fracture properties including initiation fracture toughness,fracture energy,propagation fracture toughness and fracture velocity.This review aims to fully describe the detailed principles and state-of-the-art applications of dynamic NSCB-SHPB techniques.The history and principles of dynamic NSCB-SHPB tests for rocks are outlined,and then the applications of dynamic NSCB-SHPB method(including the measurements of initiation and propagation fracture toughnesses and the limiting fracture velocity,the size effect and the digital image correlation(DIC)experiments)are discussed.Further,other applications of dynamic NSCB-SHPB techniques(i.e.the thermal,moisture and anisotropy effects on the dynamic fracture properties of geomaterials,and dynamic fracture toughness of geomaterials under pre-loading and hydrostatic pressures)are presented.
文摘This paper presents an attempt at the application of catastrophe theory to the stability analysis of J-controlled crack growth in three-point bending specimens. By introducing the solutions of J-integral in the completely yielding state for the ideal plastic material, the critical condition of losing stability for the crack propagation in the specimen is obtained, based on the cusp catastrophe theory. The process of the crack growth from geometrical sense is described.
基金Projects(52004182,51804110,51904101)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2020JJ5188)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China。
文摘The asymmetric semi-circular bend(ASCB)specimen has been proposed to investigate the cracking behavior in different geo and construction materials and attracted the attention of researchers due to its advantages.However,there are few studies on the fracture toughness determination of rock materials.In this work,a series of fracture tests were performed with the ASCB specimens made of granite.The onset of fracture,crack initiation angle and crack propagating trajectory was analyzed in detail combined with several mixed mode fracture criteria.The influence of the crack length on the mode Ⅰ/Ⅱ fracture toughness was studied.A comparison between the fracture toughness ratios predicted by varying criteria and experimental results was conducted.The relationship between experimentally determined crack initiation angles and curves of the generalized maximum tangential stress(GMTS)criterion was obtained.The fracture process of the specimen was recorded with the high-speed camera.The shortcomings of the ASCB specimens for the fracture toughness determination of rock materials were discussed.The results may provide a reference for analysis of mixed mode I and II fracture behavior of brittle materials.
文摘A single three point bend specimen compliance method for determining JIC of high strength high fracture toughness steels is presented and a formula for calculatinff J-integral is proposed as follows.It is simple and valid for high strength high fracture toughness steels. The values of JIC and KIC measured by this method are in good agreement with those measured by standard test method.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41972283)。
文摘To investigate the influence of loading rate and high temperature on the dynamic fracture toughness of rock,dynamic fracture tests were carried out on notched semi-circular bend specimens under four temperature conditions based on the split Hopkinson pressure bar system.Experimental and analytical methods were applied to investigating the effect of temperature gradient on the stress waves.A high-speed camera was used to check the fracture characteristics of the specimens.The results demonstrate that the temperature gradient on the bars will not significantly distort the shape of the stress wave.The dynamic force balance is achieved even when the specimens are at a temperature of 400°C.The dynamic fracture toughness linearly develops with the increase of loading rate within the temperature range of 25-400°C,and high temperature has a strengthening effect on the dynamic fracture toughness.
文摘为研究3D打印混凝土弯曲疲劳性能,通过216根3D打印试件弯曲疲劳试验,分析不同钢纤维体积率ρ_(f)和纤维长度l_f对构件弯拉强度和弯曲疲劳性能的影响规律,基于双参数Weibull分布理论推导不同失效概率下的疲劳寿命计算公式,提出不同失效概率下的疲劳方程lg S=lg a-b lg N,并进一步分析钢纤维ρ_(f)l_(f)/d_(f)对构件疲劳性能的影响规律。研究结果表明:3D打印混凝土构件疲劳破坏实际是钢纤维发挥阻裂作用的过程,在裂缝产生、扩展、收缩、再扩展、再收缩直至破坏的过程中,裂缝的宽度、长度和深度一直在发生变化,从宏观角度是材料强度和弹性模量不断下降的过程,而微观角度是材料内部组织结构不断劣化的过程。3D打印构件中掺入的钢纤维能够有效阻止横向裂缝的产生和扩展,显著提升混凝土构件的抗弯拉强度、阻裂能力和耐疲劳性能,使其破坏形式由突然脆性破坏过渡为具有韧性的塑性破坏。钢纤维ρ_(f)l_(f)/d_(f)是影响构件抗弯拉疲劳性能的重要因素,在相同的应力比S=0.65作用下,钢纤维ρ_(f)l_(f)/d_(f)由0增至0.60时,构件疲劳次数N提高了252%;相同的疲劳次数N=10^(6)作用下,钢纤维ρ_(f)l_(f)/d_(f)由0增至0.60时,应力比提高了9.15%。3D打印混凝土试件中,钢纤维体积率ρ_(f)比钢纤维长度l_f对疲劳性能的影响程度更明显。研究结果为进一步推动3D打印技术在道路、桥梁等基础设施领域的应用,促进交通行业智能化、工业化发展具有重要意义。