Investigation on the Natural Modes of A Semi-Closed Floating Tank

Vessels with semi-closed tanks(i.e.,well docks)are widely applied in the military operation and maritime engineer-ing.The water is bound by the semi-closed floating tank and forced by both the incident waves and ship’s motions.The free surface oscillations inside the flooded well dock is thus distinctive and very complicated.So far,the natural modes of semi-closed floating tanks have not yet been studied.This paper investigates the characteristics of natural modes of a floating semi-closed tank by combining a mode-resolving model based on mild-slope equations and a hydrodynamic model based on computational fluid dynamics.Results show that the first three natural periods(i.e.,74,23.6,and 14 s)of the tank fall into the band of swell and infragravity waves and they could be triggered under certain circumstance.Multi-period free surface oscillations are observed inside the tank,including the longest natural period(i.e.,74 s),though the incident waves are monochromatic.A possible generation mechanism for the long-period mode is explained on the basis of liquid sloshing and harbor oscillations.Moreover,a long-period component with a period close to the natural mode of well dock is observed in the ship motions,which is generated by the interaction between the waves and ship.

Quantitative method for calculating spatial release region for laser-guided bomb

The laser-guided bomb(LGB)is an air-to-ground pre-cision-guided weapon that offers high hit rates,great power,and ease of use.LGBs are guided by semi-active laser ground-seek-ing technology,which means that atmospheric conditions can affect their accuracy.The spatial release region(SRR)of LGBs is difficult to calculate precisely,especially when there is a poor field of view.This can result in a lower real hit probability.To increase the hit probability of LGBs in tough atmospheric situa-tions,a novel method for calculating the SRR has been pro-posed.This method is based on the transmittance model of the 1.06μm laser in atmospheric species and the laser diffuse reflection model of the target surface to determine the capture target time of the laser seeker.Then,it calculates the boundary ballistic space starting position by ballistic model and gets the spatial scope of the spatial release region.This method can determine the release region of LGBs based on flight test data such as instantaneous velocity,altitude,off-axis angle,and atmospheric visibility.By more effectively employing aircraft release conditions,atmospheric visibility and other factors,the SRR calculation method can improve LGB hit probabi-lity by 9.2%.

Semi-closed synthesis of nitrogen and oxygen Co-doped mesoporous carbon for selective aqueous oxidation

Heteroatom-doped meso/micro-porous carbon materials are conventionally produced by harsh carbonization under an inert atmosphere involving specific precursors,hard/soft templates,and heteroatom-containing agents.Herein,we report a facile synthesis of N and O co-doped meso/micro-porous carbon(NOMC)by template-free carbonization of a small-molecule precursor in a semi-closed system.The semi-closed carbonizaiton process yields hydrophilic NOMCs with large surface area in a high yield.The porous structure as well as the elemental composition of NOMCs can be modulated by changing the holding time at a particular temperature.NOMCs as metal-free heterogeneous catalysts can selectively oxidize benzyl alcohol and its derivatives into aldehydes/ketones with>85%conversion in aqueous solution,which is much higher than that of the control sample obtained in tube furnace(21%conversion),mainly due to their high N content,high percentage of pyridinic N,and large surface area.The presence of O-containing moieties also helps to improve the hydrophilicity and dispersion ability of catalysts and thus facilitates the mass transfer process during aqueous oxidation.The NOMC catalysts also dispayed excellent activity for a wide range of substrates with a selectivity of>99%.

A Preliminary Study on the Spherical Bombs(Huolei)of the Southern Song Dynasty,Unearthed in Chongqing

The military situation of the thirteenth century required that the Song and the Mongols construct a great number of defensive works,relying on the mountains or facing the rivers,in the mountainous Sichuan Province and Chongqing.In recent years,a special kind of explosive firearms,huolei火雷(bombs),was unearthed in the large-scale excavations of the site of Diaoyu Fortress钓鱼城in Hechuan District合川and the Baidicheng白帝城in Fengjie County奉节,both of which were defensive works constructed in this mountainous area during the Southern Song dynasty.In addition,the ruins of kilns and the clay molds that were relevant to the casting of iron huolei have been discovered at the site of Baidicheng,indicating that these huolei might have been produced locally.The Southern Song iron huolei unearthed in Chongqing are the most direct evidence of the evolvement of gunpowder and firearms,and are of great significance to the history of science and technology,in particular the history of military technology.

Feng Jiasheng’s Diagrams of Iron Bombs(Huopao)and Beyond:On the Academic Significance of the Southern Song Iron Bombs(Huopao)Unearthed in Chongqing

The world’s earliest bomb with an iron casing,the iron huopao鐵火砲(cast-iron bomb,also referred to as zhentian lei震天雷,literally“thunder-crash bomb”),is one of the most important inventions of ancient China relating to gunpowder and firearms.Until recently,however,academics were not able to conduct substantial research on the topic,as no actual remains of a huopao had yet been found.Since 2013,in the excavation of two sites of Southern Song ancient cities(Diaoyu Fortress and Baidicheng)in Chongqing,archaeologists from the Chongqing Cultural Heritage Research Institute have discovered a number of iron huopao of the Southern Song dynasty.This finding not only provides first-hand material for research on the history of the invention of gunpowder and firearms,which has always been lacking,but also offers new physical evidence for an exploration of the history of war and the military history of the thirteenth century(in particular the Mongol-Song war),and is thus historically significant.

Study on Deposition in Semi-Closed Coastal or Estuarine Harbour Basins

A preliminary study on the distribution of sediment transport and siltation within a semi-closed harbour as well as the factors affecting the siltation has been made with a suspended sediment model, in which the Lianyungang port is used as the prototype. Based on the work, this paper describes a tubid water experiment within a typical excavated harbour basin. According to the experimental results some expressions for predicting the average siltation amount for semi-closed harbour basins by means of dimensional analysis have been proposed, with tidal features, harbour geometry and properties of sediment taken into account. Through comparing the calculated results with the laboratory and field measured data, it has been shown that the expressions presented in this paper are reasonable.

How Did Vinh Moc Village, Located near Vietnam DMZ, Protect Their Villagers from United States Air Force Bombardment during the Vietnam War?

The buried village is Vinh Moc where more than 1200 Vietnamese, including soldiers, who lived underground during the Vietnam War (1965 to 1972) were hand dug into red basalt bedrock. The Vinh Moc Village was strategically located on the border of North Vietnam and South Vietnam approximately 14 km north of the DMZ and along the shoreline of the South China Sea. During the Vietnam War, the US Air Force heavily bombed Vinh Moc. The North Vietnamese Army (NVA) had an important military base on nearby Con Co Island. Brave civil volunteers from Vinh Moc would make the 28 km dangerous journey to the island, disguised as fishermen, to deliver supplies to the soldiers stationed there. The people who remained at Vinh Moc dug tunnels into red basalt hills in order to survive this onslaught. The American forces assessed the villagers of Vinh Moc were supplying food and armaments to the NVA garrison on the island of Con Co, which was in turn hindering the American bombers on their way to bomb Hanoi. The US military objective was to force the villagers of Vinh Moc to leave the area. The villagers initially dug the tunnels to a 10 m depth but the American forces designed bombs that burrowed down 10 m before exploding. The soil tunnels were then deepened to 30 m to provide safety for the soldiers and civilians working there during the intense US Air Force bombing. The primary objective of the research study was to determine how the soils and parent material of Vinh Moc Village, protected their villagers from the United States Air Force bombardment during the Vietnam War. In addition, the natural parent material at both the Vinh Moc and Cu Chi were assessed to determine why the tunnels were so resilient. The Cu Chi and Iron Triangle soil tunnels were dug by hand in the Old Alluvium soils and parent material where iron in solution precipitated and became the soil binding material. The Vinh Moc tunnels were hand dug in porous, red basalt (bedrock) hills where the consolidated rock structure itself provided the required binding material. Neither site needed support beams to hold up the ceilings.

From Bombs to Books

WHEN Isnina Jelle wanted to visit a fair, she decided to wait for two days first. It wasn＇t that the 26-year-old livelihood officer with an NGO was inordinately fussy or busy. It was simply that she was living in a country going through an extraordinary situation where even going to a book fair could become a matter of life and death.

Comprehensive bioinformatic analysis of mind bomb 1 gene in stomach adenocarcinoma

BACKGROUND The carcinogenesis of stomach adenocarcinoma(STAD)involves many different molecules and multiple pathways,including the NOTCH signaling pathway.As a key factor that functions as a critical link in the NOTCH pathway,mind bomb 1(MIB1)is upregulated in various tumors and has been reported to promote cell metastasis and invasion.However,studies on the role of MIB1 in STAD are limited.Here,we evaluated the prognostic value of MIB1 in STAD and its association with immune infiltration and copy number variation.AIM To elucidate the relationship between MIB1 gene and gastric cancer(GC)and provide a new idea for the treatment of GC.METHODS We identified mutations in the MIB1 gene by searching the cBioPortal database and then analyzed their relationship with the overall survival rate and diseasefree survival rate using the Kaplan-Meier method.The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database provided transcript levels for MIB1 in STADs and normal tissues.As a method of distinguishing the STAD tissues from adjacent normal tissues,a receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was generated.Kaplan-Meier plotter was used to determine the effect of MIB1 expression on survival.Based on the LinkedOmics database,we were able to identify the coexpressed genes of the MIB1 gene,the top 50 positively correlated genes,and the top 50 negatively correlated genes.STRING was used to construct protein-protein interaction networks related to the MIB1 gene.An analysis of functional enrichment was carried out using the R package“Cluster Profiler”.The relationships between mRNA expression of MIB1 and immune infiltrates were assessed by Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource(TIMER)and the“GSVA package”in R.RESULTS According to the cBioPortal database,the MIB1 mutation rate in 287 patients in the TCGA dataset was approximately 6%.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients with STAD in the mutated group had a worse prognosis than those in the unmutated group(P=0.0156).There was a significant upregulation of MIB1 expression in STAD tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues.A high T stage was associated with increased MIB1 mRNA expression.The ROC curve analysis revealed 59.4%sensitivity and 85.6%specificity of MIB1 for differentiating STAD tissues from adjacent normal tissues at a truncation level of 2.248.Kaplan-Meier plotter indicated that patients with higher MIB1 levels had a worse prognosis than those with lower levels(26.4 mo vs 56.2 mo,P=0.0330).A correlation analysis demonstrated an association between immune infiltrates and MIB1 mRNA expression.CONCLUSION Upregulation of MIB1 expression is significantly associated with poor survival rate and immune infiltration in gastric adenocarcinoma.MIB1 may be a biomarker for the poor prognosis of STAD patients and a potential immunotherapeutic target.

基于正交试验的民用飞机抗爆结构参数敏感性分析

最小风险炸弹位置(LRBL)结构是放置飞机上可疑爆炸物的装置,探究结构尺寸和炸药位置对其抗爆性能的影响程度可为其改进设计提供参考。基于正交试验设计与数值模拟相结合的方法,以LRBL结构各危险部位的最大应变和变形为评价指标,分别运用极差分析法和方差分析法对LRBL结构的罐体壁厚、底盖厚度、连接凸台厚度、剪切销直径和炸药位置5个影响因素开展参数敏感性分析。结果表明:在200 g炸药当量的工况下,各因素对LRBL结构的抗爆性能的影响显著程度从大到小为炸药位置、罐体壁厚、底盖厚度、凸台厚度和剪切销直径;结合评价指标综合分析得到各个因素最优水平下的LRBL结构设计方案。

饲用油脂总能测定条件优化研究

试验选用氧弹量热法进行饲用油脂总能测定条件优化研究。选用豆油、调和油作为试验材料,研究是否添加基质对总能测定结果的影响,进行检测方法优化;选用11种油脂作为试验材料,验证不同试样质量(0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0、1.2 g)对测定结果的影响;选用5种油脂作为试验材料,比对不同仪器对测定结果的影响。结果表明:测定豆油总能,添加基质后测定结果变异系数大,重复性差(P<0.05),不添加基质重复性好(P>0.05);不添加基质方法进行日内、日间试验,测定结果差异不显著(P>0.05),测定结果稳定性好(P<0.05)。不同试样质量对豆油、调和油、椰子油、月桂酸、鱼油、鸡油1#、鸡油2#、猪油1#、猪油2#等9种油脂总能测定结果差异不显著(P>0.05),对棕榈油总能测定结果表现为差异显著(P<0.05),对磷脂总能测定结果表现为差异极显著(P<0.001),试样质量适宜范围为0.6~0.8 g。两种氧弹量热仪测定椰子油、棕榈油、豆油、月桂酸、磷脂5种油脂相同试样质量,测定总能结果差异不显著(P>0.05)。本试验条件下,油脂测定试验无需添加基质,该方法测定总能结果稳定、重复性好。不同试样质量对豆油、调和油、椰子油、月桂酸、鱼油、鸡油1#、鸡油2#、猪油1#、猪油2#等9种油脂表现为差异不显著,适宜试样质量为0.4~1.0 g;对棕榈油表现为差异显著,适宜试样质量为0.6~1.0 g;对磷脂表现为差异极显著,适宜试样质量为0.8~1.0 g。用两种氧弹量热仪测定油脂总能结果无明显差异。

一种套装式子母弹抛撒用燃气发生器的设计研究

为实现子母弹低过载抛撒功能,设计了一种套装式燃气发生器,通过在燃气发生器燃烧室外增加套装壳体形成降压增容辅助室,从而提高抛撒机构的初始作用容积,以达到降低抛撒过载的目的,并通过仿真和试验手段对基于套装式和典型结构燃气发生器的抛撒机构内弹道性能进行了对比研究。结果表明:在相同抛撒速度下,套装式燃气发生器产生的抛撒过载为16.2g,比典型结构燃气发生器的抛撒过载降低了10.4g,降比约39%,过载降低效果明显。本研究为低过载子弹抛撒用燃气发生器设计提供了新的思路。

从“两弹”事业到“科学家精神”

“爱国奉献,艰苦奋斗,协同攻关,求实创新,永攀高峰”,这是我国在核武器事业发展中所形成的“两弹”精神的高度概括。这种精神指引中国人民在“两弹”事业中取得了辉煌成就。如今,立足中国特色社会主义进入新时代的历史方位,“两弹”精神的时代意义愈加重要和深远,对于打造新时代的国家战略科技力量具有重要意义。“两弹”精神可以理解为“科学精神”升华为具有爱国底色的“科学家精神”的具体实践。正是这种在“两弹”事业中孕育出的科学家精神,使得今天的科研工作者有了坚定的时代使命感和严谨的科学态度。他们坚持学术民主和务实作风,成为自主创新的典范和国家安全的科技基石,是中华民族伟大复兴事业的中坚力量。

苏联氢弹研制科学理论基础的奠定——核聚变理论工作(1946—1953)

1946—1953年间,苏联4个科研团队的核聚变理论工作,既是苏联氢弹研制的首要工作,也是苏联核计划的重要组成部分,为氢弹研制奠定了科学理论基础。库尔恰托夫团队负责分析情报信息并向政府提供建议,对其他小组的工作进行管理并开展了少许的理论研究工作;泽利多维奇小组是苏联最早对轻核聚变可行性进行研究的团队,开展了与“管式构型”氢弹相关的核聚变理论工作;朗道小组从工作伊始就探索核聚变理论的实际应用问题,就两种构型的氢弹开展了重要的理论计算工作;塔姆小组提出并完善了“层式构型”氢弹的设计构想,并开展了与此相关的核聚变理论工作,在苏联首枚氢弹的研制中发挥了关键作用。他们开展的核聚变理论工作为苏联氢弹研制的设计理论、技术理论等理论问题提供了科学依据,在热核装药的选择、引爆问题、爆炸过程、能量释放以及试爆工作等实际问题的解决中起到了极其重要的理论指导作用。核聚变理论工作不仅为苏联氢弹研制的成功提供了理论保障,而且在某种程度上还加深了核裂变理论的相关研究,进而构建并强化了苏联核武体系的科学理论基础,而且还进一步改进了对原子弹、氢弹的研发工作,大大增强了苏联的国防力量。

确保民族自决的新中国工业化(1949—1973)

从新中国成立以来至1973年“四三方案”的提出,我国工业化的主要任务一直是确保民族独立和民族自决,即从做好经济建设、提高国防能力、完成战略腹地产业备份等多个方面入手,保障国家安全、确保民族独立。这是通过一系列的战略部署和重大事件来实现的:第一,通过社会主义改造建立社会主义经济制度,为确立国家工业化的社会主义性质奠定基础。第二,做好经济建设,以发展来保安全、保自决,包括确定中国推进工业化是走优先发展重工业的道路,通过以“156项工程”为代表的项目建设、借助技术引进来快速奠定工业体系基础,促进以钢铁工业为代表的基础工业快速发展等。第三,“两弹一星”国防尖端科技产业的突破,一方面从国防实力上真正确保了民族独立;另一方面通过国防尖端产业的引领,带动了整个工业的发展、促进了工业体系的建设。第四,三线建设这个巨大的社会经济工程,一方面通过战略大后方的建设极大地增强了我国面对战争威胁的博弈力量,加大了对国家安全和民族独立的保障能力;另一方面,通过优化地区工业布局推动了区域协调,推进了我国工业化的发展。以上都为下一阶段的发展打下了制度、物质、国际环境的基础。

内生的主体性视角下“两弹一星”精神的弘扬及实践路径探索

自我国科研人员获得“两弹一星”辉煌成就以来,凝聚了那一代人浓郁家国情怀的“两弹一星”精神也应运而生。“两弹一星”精神体现了中国人民在困难时期自力更生、艰苦奋斗、勇往直前的精神风貌。迄今为止,“两弹一星”精神仍然具有突出的时代意义。它不仅是中国科技发展的宝贵财富,更是激励中国人民不断前行、实现中华民族伟大复兴的精神力量。在新时代,我们每一个人要响应党的号召、听从祖国召唤,继续传承弘扬“两弹一星”精神,让其焕发出更加璀璨的光芒。弘扬“两弹一星”精神不仅有助于传承优良传统、激励创新发展,还能增强国家凝聚力、塑造民族精神。文章结合马克思的主体性思想,探讨内生的主体性与“两弹一星”精神之间的关系,从本体论、认识论、价值论和方法论四重维度着手,基于个体对“两弹一星”精神的认知、情感、意志三个心理过程,探索新时代弘扬“两弹一星”精神的实践路径,推进个体自觉弘扬“两弹一星”精神,进而增强国家和民族凝聚力,实现人类社会的共同繁荣与进步。

“两弹一星”精神驱动的国防科技特色学科建设若干思考

该文深入探讨“两弹一星”精神的科学内涵,着眼于国防科技特色学科建设现状与问题。通过分析“两弹一星”精神在国防科技特色学科建设中的引领作用,揭示其在培养爱国主义情感、提升国防科技自主创新能力、推进国防科技创新的整体合力等方面的深远影响。“两弹一星”精神将国防科技特色学科建设相结合,能够激发学生爱国爱军情怀、增强学生的综合国防素养,吸引更多的优秀学生投身国防事业。同时,其中强调的科技创新、学科交叉融合等理念,更为国防科技特色学科体系建设提供坚实基础。通过该研究的深入剖析,将有助于更好地理解“两弹一星”精神驱动下的国防科技特色学科建设,为高校培养国防科技拔尖创新人才提供有益的参考。

李政道的首次美国之行及国籍变迁

1957年,旅美青年才俊李政道和杨振宁一起荣幸地成为最早获得诺贝尔奖的中国人。1946年,李政道受民国政府研制原子弹“种子计划”的派遣赴美研习,1950年获得博士学位,1956年取得美国永久居留权(绿卡),1963年入籍美国。李政道科艺双馨,长期致力于推动科学和艺术的融合,他身在海外,心系祖国,呕心沥血,亲力亲为,竭尽全力地为中国的人才培养以及基础科学的进步与发展出谋划策,贡献卓著。本文介绍了李政道简略生平,借助于家族网(www.familysearch.org)重点梳理了他首次美国之行及国籍变迁的相关情况,澄清了一些常见错讹。

“两弹一星”精神在青海中小学育人教育中的实践路径探索

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