Evaluation method for assessing the auxiliary service transaction mechanism in regional power markets

Accurate and seamless auxiliary services in the power market can guarantee smooth and continuous power system operation. China’s new round of power system reform has entered a critical period, and reform implementation requires comprehensive improvements in the maturity of the supporting auxiliary service market. This study reviews the development status and evolution path of the European unified power market and the US regional power market, provides experience for the development of China’s regional power market, then identifies the key influencing factors of auxiliary service trading mechanism design in regional power markets. To analyze the rationality of the auxiliary service trading evaluation index, this paper established an evaluation model for assessing regional power markets. Using combined weight optimization, the gray correlation TOPSIS method was applied to comprehensively evaluate auxiliary service trading in the regional power market. Finally, the application of the proposed evaluation method was briefly analyzed to examine four regional power markets in China and evaluate the effectiveness of current market construction in different regions and provide suggestions for future market construction.

Inter-Provincial Transaction Model in Two-Level ElectricityMarket Considering Carbon Emission and Consumption Responsibility Weights

In the context of the joint operation of China’s intra-provincial markets and inter-provincial trading,how to meet the load demand and energy consumption using inter-provincial renewable energy trading is a key problem.The combined operation of intra-provincial and inter-provincial markets provides a new way for provincial power companies to optimize and clear the intra-provincial power market,complete the intra-provincial consumption responsibility weight index,and consume renewable energy across provinces and regions.This paper combines power generation and consumption within the province,uses inter-provincial renewable energy trading tomeet the load demand within the province and completes the index of intra-provincial consumption responsibility weights.The intra-provincial market trading and inter-provincial market clearing are respectively taken as the upper and lower levels of the model.Under the two-level electricity market operation framework,the upper-level model aims to minimize the expected total operating cost within the province considering the carbon emission cost and the weight of the consumption responsibility,while the lower-level model aims to minimize the inter-provincial renewable energy purchasing cost.Finally,the influence of inter-provincial transaction mechanism,risk aversion coefficient,voucher price,and responsibility weight on operating cost is analyzed.Simulation is used to verify that the proposed model can meet the requirements of the provincial load power consumption and the consumption responsibility weight index,and promote the consumption of renewable energy.

Annual Report of SGCC on Transactions of Electric Power Market in 2009

Market construction Overview In 2009, the electric power market expanded continuously. New installed capacity put into production within the coverage of the State Grid Corporation

Securing Stock Transactions Using Blockchain Technology: Architecture for Identifying and Reducing Vulnerabilities Linked to the Web Applications Used (MAHV-BC)

This paper deals with the security of stock market transactions within financial markets, particularly that of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA). The confidentiality and integrity of sensitive data in the stock market being crucial, the implementation of robust systems which guarantee trust between the different actors is essential. We therefore proposed, after analyzing the limits of several security approaches in the literature, an architecture based on blockchain technology making it possible to both identify and reduce the vulnerabilities linked to the design, implementation work or the use of web applications used for transactions. Our proposal makes it possible, thanks to two-factor authentication via the Blockchain, to strengthen the security of investors’ accounts and the automated recording of transactions in the Blockchain while guaranteeing the integrity of stock market operations. It also provides an application vulnerability report. To validate our approach, we compared our results to those of three other security tools, at the level of different metrics. Our approach achieved the best performance in each case.

2008 Annual Report of SGCC on Electricity Market Transactions

On April 14,2009,the State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC) held the press conference in Beijing on electricity market transactions and then released the "2008 Annual Report of SGCC on Electricity Market Transactions".

A Transaction Cost Analysis on the Acquisition of Rice Seed by Small-Scale Farmers in ECA Region： Generating Empirical Evidence in Tanzania

The present study is an attempt to develop empirical evidence of transaction costs that rice farmers incur in production and other factors that affect farmers＇ demand for seed and estimating the proportion of costs accounted for by transaction costs due to quality seed in the formal and informal sectors, and analyze how these costs affect sourcing decision. An agricultural household model was developed from the study area. To test the model, information was collected in a survey of 387 households. There is now empirical evidence that transaction cost in rice seed acquisition in Tanzanian agriculture is an added cost to the farmer in the process of purchasing seed. Descriptive analysis shows that about 18% of the total seed cost is accounted for transaction cost, which is 2% of the total variable cost in farmers＇ rice farming. Econometric model was fitted to the household data to determine the factors hindering farmers to use purchased quality seed. Factors that were significant in influencing transaction cost include information search, seed source, farmers＇ seed arrangements, trust, and distance from farmers＇ homestead to the seed source, location and age of the farmer. We recommend that, policy amendments inclined towards reduction of the transaction costs can improve the profitability of the rice enterprise by increasing the demand for inputs.

Impact of International Networks on Standardization Process in Banking Industry： Example of Secure Electronic Transaction （SET） Initiative

The purpose of this article is to present and interpret the case study of the secure electronic transaction （SET） scheme of Internet security, as an illustration of the necessary construction of interoperability solutions for financial services. The interpretation of case data with actor network theory （ANT） provides an illustration of power coalitions among banks to create a de facto standard for transnational electronic payment security on the Internet. After a step of protecting its political interests and well-known technological solutions, the coalition understands that its mission becomes a matter of life and death for its members： Brand-new currency has been invented on the Web and one could develop business and monetary transactions without the banks. This interpretative stage tells us much about the transnational mechanisms of regulation and standardization as well as the ＂translation＂ steps regarding these transnational organizations. However, an additional step has to be added to this interpretative step, a step of framework construction. The aim is to help managers of the transnational firms involved in regulations and standardization to anticipate the evolutions and make relevant decisions. The framework has three distinctive characteristics： the ability to help conception, the ability to help conceive problems ＂ex ante＂, and the ability to facilitate collective conception of strategic maneuvers.

统一大市场促进形成强大国内市场的机理与路径——基于交易成本的视角

促进形成强大国内市场是新发展格局下我国经济高质量发展的重大战略部署。建设统一大市场是形成强大国内市场的重要举措,降低交易成本是建设统一大市场促进形成强大国内市场的关键。为此,基于交易成本的视角,分别从促进市场流通、交易环节精简、交易基础制度规则保障与多地域文化认同四个方面剖析建设统一大市场促进形成强大国内市场的机理,进而提出其实现路径:加快建设现代流通体系,促进流通业数字化转型;推进交易平台共享,打造全国统一交易平台;降低制度性交易成本,实现全国产权交易市场互联互通;强化文化认同,形成建设全国统一大市场的共有理念。

智慧物流与企业可持续发展——基于经济绩效与环境绩效的双重验证

在“双碳”战略目标和可持续发展背景下,智慧物流为促进企业可持续发展提供了新契机。利用2009—2021年我国地级及以上城市数据,测度城市层面智慧物流水平,并将其与A股制造业上市公司数据进行匹配,考察了智慧物流对企业经济绩效和环境绩效的影响。结果表明,智慧物流对企业经济绩效和企业环境绩效具有显著的正向影响,这意味着智慧物流可以促进企业可持续发展。机制检验表明,智慧物流通过发挥成本效应、市场整合效应以及学习效应三种机制促进企业可持续发展。异质性分析表明:智慧物流的可持续发展效应主要存在于交通条件便利地区和外部媒体关注度高的企业;对于市场激励型环境规制地区,智慧物流仅发挥了经济效应。拓展研究发现,智慧物流对企业可持续发展的影响具有网络效应,现代物流创新发展试点政策的激励作用尚未实现经济与环境“和谐共生”。研究结论为我国政府优化智慧物流政策和“双碳”愿景下制造业企业实现可持续发展提供了路径选择。

我国数据要素市场治理的模式、现状与对策

要推动数据要素市场高质量发展,首先需要构建科学高效的市场治理机制。本文对数据要素市场治理素现状进行了梳理,提出市场化治理、垂直型治理和关系型治理等三种治理模式,并比较其特点,分析其现状与瓶颈。在此基础上,本文指出我国需要同时采用多种治理模式,形成以市场化治理为主、垂直型治理为辅、关系型治理作为重要补充的数据要素市场治理格局,并就三种治理模式的进一步完善提出了对策建议。

公共数据进入数据要素市场模式研究

公共数据是数据要素市场的重要组成部分,其如何进入数据要素市场以及其参与数据要素市场的模式分为几类,学界对此少有研究。通过梳理和比较,深入挖掘国内外公共数据参与数据要素市场的模式类型,归纳得出公共数据进入数据要素市场有两大类、五种模式,包括一级市场(授权运营)+二级市场(场内交易)模式,公共数据开发利用+场外交易模式,依托数据平台构建公共数据流通市场模式,借助数据经纪商、数据中介的交易模式,以及通过(公共)数据信托参与数据市场模式等。在此归纳基础上,演绎出公共数据进入数据要素市场的理想模式,这一理想模式分为数据获取、数据产品生产、数据产品交易三个各有其独特特征的环节,可为我国公共数据进入数据要素市场的策略选择提供参考。

面向电力市场的用户侧电力电量预测综述

对电力电量准确预测,把握其不确定性和随机性对电力市场的管理和发展具有重要意义。该文首先对电力市场及其环境下电力电量预测进行了简要概述;其次,从数据预处理、预测方法和预测场景3个角度出发,对面向电力市场的用户侧电力电量预测研究现状进行了总结与分析,详细阐述了新兴负荷、考虑分布式电源的接入、考虑需求响应、面对特殊事件与极端环境和面对综合能源系统5个场景下用户电力电量预测现状;最后,对现有研究面临的挑战进行了分析,并对未来研究方向进行了展望。

农业水权交易发展影响因素分析——基于宏观、中观、微观视角

我国现阶段农业水权交易分散且规模较小,农业水权交易市场活跃度不高。随着水资源供需矛盾的日益紧张,需要激发市场在水资源配置中的决定性作用,进一步为农业水权创造更大的交易空间。农业水权涉及多层级管理制度,却少有从全局到细节不同维度分析农业水权交易发展影响因素的研究,无法具有系统性地推动农业水权交易发展。为此,本文将影响农业水权交易发展的关键因素划分为宏观社会经济、中观市场主体及相互关系和微观交易要素三个维度,定性分析不同维度各因素指标的实质属性以及对农业水权交易发展的影响效果,找准农业水权交易发展的宏观支撑,明确农业水权交易市场的发展思路,进而聚焦到微观交易要素在水权交易过程中的作用,从三个维度分别提出加大农业水权交易政策和多途径推进农村水系连通的建设力度、明确政企角色定位、鼓励农业水权交易与土地实现同步流转等活跃农业水权交易市场的建议,以期为完善农业水权交易市场提供建设基础和思路。

中国碳市场运行状况与对策分析

气候变化是当今世界各国关注的焦点。碳排放权交易将二氧化碳排放的负外部性内部化,建设碳市场是中国实现减排目标的重要举措。碳市场通过价格信号促使减排任务在控排企业间转移,控排企业基于市场机制以成本最小化实现减排目标。对中国碳市场运行现状进行了系统分析,分别从碳价、交易规模以及交易集中度等方面入手,考察了中国碳市场存在的主要问题,并对当前碳价低和交易集中度高等问题针对性提出了发展对策建议,以期为完善中国碳市场提供决策参考。

市场的经济解释

经济社会发展中,市场伴随左右,发挥着重要作用,并且表现出强大的生机与活力。世界上不同的市场运行实践、不同地区同一市场运行实践成效千差万别,其背后的逻辑值得研究。以此为起点,可从知识、创造力、权利、价格、竞争、货币、第三方力量等与市场密切相关因素的本质特征与内在联系两个方面对市场的运行逻辑进行深入探究。市场是从知识中获取创造力的人们创造出来的以价格、竞争、货币等为核心要素,在第三方力量的保障下,通过产权让渡来提高经济品交易效率,从而更好地满足与交易者创造力匹配的需求的一种制度。市场的发展水平是以交易者需求满足程度为根本标志的,市场中经济品、权利、第三方力量、创造力的供求失衡本质是交易者需求满足度的下降。交易者的创造力是市场发展的根本动力,交易者的创造力与其在市场中的需求满足度是完全匹配的,专门化的知识会不断激发交易者的创造力。价格的弹性区间生成了竞争的弹性区间,两种区间是市场保持活力的重要支撑。第三方力量除了可以保障市场交易,还可以用配置权利的方式对市场进行纠错与提速。市场要素构建出的不同结构市场运行机制无优劣之分,符合实际的市场机制才能实现其提高交易者需求满足度的功能。

数字化转型能够提升产业链韧性吗?

数字经济时代,通过数字化转型提升产业链韧性,是推动制造业高质量发展、增强制造业国际竞争力的重要举措,也是保障国家产业安全的重要路径。本文分析数字化转型不同阶段对产业链韧性的差异化作用机制,从要素市场化和降低交易成本两大视角探讨如何提升产业链韧性。在理论分析的基础上,基于驱动力、压力、状态、响应(DPSR)模型构建产业链韧性测度指标体系,并采用2002—2020年中国制造业行业面板数据和企业微观数据测度产业链韧性,实证检验数字化转型对提升产业链韧性的影响机制和路径。研究发现,数字化转型整体上能够提升产业链韧性,二者之间呈现非线性的马鞍型关系;要素市场化程度在数字化转型与产业链韧性提升中起到正向调节作用;数字化转型可以通过影响市场渠道性交易成本和融资性交易成本对产业链韧性发挥作用,而监督性交易成本暂无作用。数字化转型与产业链韧性之间的马鞍型关系在不同要素密集度的产业链和产业链韧性不同维度均表现出异质性。加快数字基础设施建设、推动制造业数字化转型,能够提高要素市场化程度、降低交易成本,进而提升产业链韧性和现代化水平。

具象表现观:在线技术交易系统创新设计方法研究

目的从可见与不可见的技术哲学思考出发,探讨如何促使实验室里的技术走出象牙塔,更好、更快地实现信息传达乃至转化,提供一种更直观、立体的技术交易系统创新思路。方法以具象表现观重新思考技术信息的传递、链接、交互、内化与持续生长的可能,以及其外在表现的形式与方式。结果从非物的交易与交流的工具、交织的网络等方面解析技术交易的本质表征,梳理在线技术交易系统用户需求,提出并形成多方用户群组化链接、技术可视化转译、全链路智能服务的在线技术交易系统创新方法。结论在各种新技术喷涌式发展的今天,如何建构与淘宝、亚马逊等交易平台不同的非物交易系统成为一个重要的时代命题,技术的表达如何从抽象而晦涩的技术词汇转向简明且形象的大众语言成为一个技术转移、转化的关键环节,以期形成充满活力的“高科技更需要高情感”技术交易创新生态系统,搭建从专业技术研究到万众创新的沟通之桥。

考虑多能源同台竞价的电力中长期融合交易机制设计与实践

新能源的入市可加速新型电力系统建设,针对新能源发电的随机性和波动性而导致上网电量与市场交易电量偏差较大的问题,设计了一种多能源同台竞价的融合交易机制。通过设计融合交易机制的组织流程与出清方式构建了新能源发电商(NEP)在不同交易模式下的结算模型,以江西电力中长期市场为背景设置算例参数,对NEP在几种交易模式下的收益进行分析,并对采用融合交易机制的江西电力中长期市场运行情况进行了对比分析。结果显示所提交易机制能促进新NEP达成交易,明显提升NEP的经济效益,有效推动新能源的入市进程并显著减少交易偏差率。

可再生能源配额制下风光储联合参与现货市场的交易决策

可再生能源配额制与现货市场建设的并行推进引起风电发电商、光伏发电商及储能电站(风光储)联合参与现货市场的交易决策发生变化。通过构建双层交易决策模型,对可再生能源配额制下风光储联合参与日前电能量及调频辅助服务市场的交易决策进行求解分析。模型上层以风光储总利润最大化为目标,同时考虑到风光储的内部调控,求解风光储最优交易策略;下层实现日前电能量和调频辅助服务市场的联合出清及绿色证书市场的清算。通过库恩-塔克(Karush-Kuhn-Tucker,KKT)条件、强对偶定理等方法将双层模型转换为混合整数线性规划问题进行求解。最后,通过算例验证了所提模型的有效性。结果表明:所提框架与模型能够优化风光储报量报价决策;可再生能源配额制的引入丰富了风光储的套利手段,风光储内部调控更加活跃;风光渗透率及配额制考核权重的变化对风光储的交易决策有重要影响。

跨境电商改革对企业供应链韧性的影响——来自跨境电商综合试验区的准自然实验

着力提升产业链供应链韧性与安全水平是中国构建新发展格局、实现高质量发展的关键举措。文章以跨境电商综合试验区设立为准自然实验,基于2010—2021年沪深A股上市企业数据,实证考察跨境电商改革对企业供应链韧性的影响。结果显示:(1)跨境电商改革能够提升企业供应链韧性,该结论在进行一系列稳健性检验后仍然成立;(2)跨境电商改革可以帮助企业提高风险承担水平、降低交易成本、促进市场多元化,从而提升供应链韧性;(3)对于非国有企业和非劳动密集型行业的企业,跨境电商改革对其供应链韧性的提升效应更显著;(4)对于小规模企业、高科技企业及竞争激烈行业的企业,跨境电商改革对其供应链韧性的提升效应更强。研究结论为跨境电商改革增强企业供应链韧性提供了经验证据。