Catch organism assemblages along artificial reefs area and adjacent waters in Haizhou Bay

To better understand the community patterns mediated by connectivity in artificial reefs of coastal areas, it is necessary to understand the distribution and coexistence of organisms with artificial reefs area and adjacent waters. This study was conducted to examine main catches assemblages collected by trawls in Haizhou Bay,which included five habitats: the artificial reef area(AR), aquaculture area(AA), natural area(NA), estuary area(EA) and comprehensive effect area(CEA). The result shows that the total abundances of species in the five habitats were highly different(univariate PERMANOVA: P = 0.001, n = 24), but some species were also unique in their habitat(e.g. Scapharca subcrenata and Glossaulax didyma in AA). The body size distribution of specific species between habitats are different. For Collichthys lucidus, their body size in AR(14.63 cm ± 1.64 cm) and EA(14.3 cm ± 0.85 cm) is higher than that in NA(10.65 cm ± 1.64 cm), CEA(11.28 cm ± 1.85 cm) and AA(12.1 cm ±0.43 cm), which indicates the potential connection from AR to EA mediated by their adult population. We concluded that artificial reefs in AR can be considered key components that have the ability to support species assemblages in adjacent habitats. This study has implications for the conservation and monitoring of species assemblages in coastal areas in terms of that artificial reefs can be applied in different stages of habitat protection implementation and in different combinations of scenarios.

Numerical Simulation of Residual Circulation due to Bottom Roughness Variability Under Tidal Flows in A Semi-Enclosed Bay

Nowadays there are some chronic serious environmental problems, such as eutrophication, blue tide and so on, in a complicated coastal zone or a semi-enclosed bay, because the water exchanges between an inner bay and an outer sea is weak compared with the supply of contaminant. Under this situation, a method to improve the water quality by 3-dimensional small unsymmetrical structures has been proposed by Komatsu et al. In this paper, several numerical simulations of the tidal current and concentration for various arrangements of bottom roughness in a semi-enclosed model bay are carfled out with a depth-averaged 2-D numerical model. The model is solved by the hybrid finite analytic method with nonstaggered grid. And the SIMPLES algorithm with Rhie and Chow＇ s momentum interpolation technique is used for the simulation. The effect of Komatsu＇ s method for water purification is examined by numerical simulation. The result of numerical experiment indicates that it is possible to generate a new tidal residual current and to activate a tidal exchange by bottom roughness arrangement only.

Effects of an artificial reef system on demersal nekton assemblages in Xiangshan Bay, China

In 2012,an artificial reef system was deployed in Xiangshan Bay,China,to enhance its fishery resources. To determine the effect of the artificial reef system on the demersal nekton assemblages,a beforeafter-control-impact study design was applied. Comparisons of assemblages from impact and control habitats revealed that the assemblage in the impact area had a gradual response to reef deployment. The assemblages in the impact and control areas changed in different ways after reef deployment. During the study period,total biomass,species richness and average body weight in the control area remained relatively stable,whereas there were significant increases in these indicators in the impact area. Responses to the reefs differed among nekton species,inducing assemblage succession in the reefs post-deployment. Sparus macrocephalus and Cynoglossus abbreviat us benefited most from reef deployment. Conversely,smallsized shrimp Palaemon gravieri showed a progressive decrease in biomass following reef deployment. Overall,the artificial reef system diversified the demersal nekton assemblage,enhanced the total biomass,and increased the proportion of large-sized species.

Influence of Reclamation Works on the Marine Environment in a Semi-Enclosed Bay

The flow and seawater exchange rates have been predicted using a two-dimensional numerical model and a Lagrangian method for a semi-enclosed shallow bay where reclaiming and dredging works are scheduled. The wind effect on the flow and material transport has been emphasized, and a thirty-year mean value of wind has been considered in the numerical simulation. As a whole, even after the reclaiming and dredging are conducted, the flow pattern looks similar to the original state. However, velocity variations up to 20% to 100% appear in the vicinity of the construction area. In the case of summcr wind forcing, the seawater exchange rate increases from 71.6% to 82.9% after the reclaiming and dredging, as indicated by a particle-tracking method. On the contrary, in the case of winter wind forcing, thc seawater cxchange rate appears to be 97.2% under natural conditions but decrcases slightly to 93.2% aftcr the rcclaiming and dredging. Thus, the wind forcing plays an important role in controlling the seawater exchangc rates. The seawater cxchange rate is further improved by 15% if the dredging is simultaneously carried out with the reclaiming. This suggests that the dredging can be an effective means to mitigate the variation of flow.

Sedimentary Environments Can Be Changed by Geotechnology (Case Study: A Morphotectonic Idea for Design of Extensive Artificial Bay on the Iranian Plateau)

Iranian Plateau between the Lesser Caucasus-Alborz Mountains on the north and Zagros-Makran Ranges on the south has several inter-mountainous depressions which were filled by Quaternary deposits. Geologic evidence implied that, the last marine conditions in some depressions such as the Dasht-e Kavir, Dasht-e Lut and Jazmourian basins, had been changed to land conditions in middle Miocene. Based on shape and elevation of the Dasht-e Kavir, Dasht-e Lut and Jazmourian plains related to sea level and geomorphology of Iranian plateau, three semi-connective artificial lakes can be constructed upon the mentioned plains by consideration of many geologic and geotechnical parameters. These artificial lakes can feed by pumping of water from Oman Sea and form a triple artificial bay which they must be connected together by two gated straits. Therefore, a possible morphotectonic idea with many advantages has suggested that it can be present as an international geotechnologic design. This design has the important environmental impacts which can be changed desert to lake sedimentary basins.

Effects of an artificial oyster shell reef on macrobenthic communities in Rongcheng Bay, East China

An artifi cial oyster shell reef was deployed in Rongcheng Bay, East China. However, the effects of this reef on the surrounding macrobenthic communities were unknown. We compared sedimentary factors, macrobenthic biomass, abundance, and community composition and ecological indicators between the reef and non-reef areas over a one year period. The mean values for chlorophyll a(Chl a), total organic matter(TOM), total organic carbon(TOC), and total nitrogen(TN) content in surface sediments in the reef area were slightly higher than those in the non-reef area. The Chl a levels differed signifi cantly between the two areas, but the TOM, TOC, and TN were not signifi cantly different. The abundance of crustaceans was signifi cantly different between the two areas, but the abundance and biomass of polychaetes, echinoderms, mollusk did not differ signifi cantly. The permutational multivariate analysis of variance(PERMANOVA) revealed that the macrobenthic community differed signifi cantly through time and analysis of similarity multivariate analyses(ANOSIM) revealed that the macrobenthic community differed signifi cantly in some months. The ecological indicators revealed that the environmental quality of the reef area was slightly better than that of the non-reef area. Overall, our results suggest that the artifi cial oyster shell reef may change the macrobenthic community and the quality of the environment. Despite the lack of an effect in the short term, long-term monitoring is still needed to evaluate the effects of artifi cial oyster shell reefs on macrobenthic communities.

Investigation of wave characteristics in a semi-enclosed bay based on SWAN model validated with buoys and ADP-observed currents

In this study, the simulating waves nearshore (SWAN) model with a locally refined curvilinear grid system was constructed to simulate waves in Jervis Bay and the neighbouring ocean of Australia, with the aim of examining the wave characteristics in an area with special topography and practical importance. This model was verified by field observations from buoys and acoustic Doppler profilers (ADPs). The model precisions were validated for both wind-generated waves and open-ocean swells. We present an approach with which to convert ADP-observed current data from near the bottom into the significant wave height. Our approach is deduced from the Fourier transform technique and the linear wave theory. The results illustrate that the location of the bay entrance is important because it allows the swells in the dominant direction to propagate into the bay despite the narrowness of the bay entrance. The wave period T p is also strongly related to the wave direction in the semi-enclosed bay. The Tp is great enough along the entire propagating direction from the bay entrance to the top of the bay, and the largest Tp appears along the north-west coast, which is the end tip of the swells’ propagation.

The Community Structure of Macrozoobenthos and Its Temporal Change on the Gapo Artificial Tidal Flat in Masan Bay, Korea

This study was conducted to get some basic information on the community structure of macrozoobenthos and its temporal change at 3 sites on the Gapo artificial tidal flat within Masan Bay from March 2002 to April 2004 when 8 years passed after the construction. The Gapo artificial tidal flat was constructed by filling the dredged contaminated sediments of MasanBayfrom 1990 to 1993. The surface sediment consisted of fine particles, but the grain size at the tidal flat has changed from mud to muddy sand by adding coarse particles for manila clam aquaculture by local fishermen from 2002. A total of 35 faunal species including 23 species at the upper tidal flat, 28 species at the lower tidal flat and 30 species in the tidal channel were collected during the study period. Polychaete worms were the most dominant fauna in species number and total faunal density, but mollusks were the most dominant in biomass. There was a specific species composition along tidal level. At the upper tidal flat, Prionospio japonicus, Sigambra tentaculata, and Neanthes succinea were dominant and at the lower tidal flat, N. succinea, P. japonicus, Corophium sinensis, and Ruditapes philipinarum were dominant while S. tentaculata, Paraprionospio coora, and C. sinensis were dominant at the tidal channel. In the feeding guild composition of the community, the surface deposit feeder (SDF) was the most abundant functional group followed by carnivores. The abundance and biomass showed a seasonal fluctuation;they decreased during summer seasonal and recovered in autumn. The Benthic Pollution Index (BPI) reflecting the trophic composition of macrozoobenthic community at each site remained in a very low level during most study period, which indicates the macrobenthic community of the Gapo artificial tidal flat has been in a disturbed environmental condition. The MDS plots also indicated that the species composition has changed seasonally and a large change in it was shown from spring to summer at all three stations. These results indicated that the benthic community in the constructed mud flat area has not reached on a stable structure until the spring of 2004 for 10 years after the artificial tidal flat construction.

基于人工智能的网络入侵检测与响应机制

针对当前网络入侵检测领域的挑战,提出了一种基于改进型朴素贝叶斯算法的网络入侵检测方法。首先,深入研究了网络入侵检测与响应的整体框架;其次,提出了改进型朴素贝叶斯算法,引入了特征加权和条件概率平滑策略,以提高对入侵行为检测的准确性;最后,利用CIC-IDS2017数据集进行实验验证,并与传统朴素贝叶斯方法进行比较。实验结果表明,改进型朴素贝叶斯方法的多个指标均优于传统方法,充分证明了其在网络入侵检测中的有效性。

Typhoon parameter sensitivity of storm surge in the semi-enclosed Tokyo Bay

In this study,a storm surge model of the semi-enclosed Tokyo Bay was constructed to investigate its hydrodynamic response to major typhoon parameters,such as the point of landfall,approach angle,forward speed,size,and intensity.The typhoon simulation was validated for Typhoon Lan in 2017,and 31 hypothetical storm surge scenarios were generated to establish the sensitivity of peak surge height to the variation in typhoon parameters.The maximum storm surge height in the upper bay adjacent to the Tokyo Metropolitan Area was found to be highly sensitive to the forward speed and size of the passing typhoon.However,the importance of these parameters in disaster risk reduction has been largely overlooked by researchers and disaster managers.It was also determined that of the many hypothetical typhoon tracks evaluated,the slow passage of a large and intense typhoon transiting parallel to the longitudinal axis of Tokyo Bay,making landfall 25 km southwest,is most likely to cause a hazardous storm surge scenario in the upper-bay area.The results of this study are expected to be useful to disaster managers for advanced preparation against destructive storm surges.

Effects of offshore artificial islands on beach stability of sandy shores:case study of Hongtang Bay,Hainan Province

Artificial island-type reclamation often exerts certain impacts on near-shore sandy shoreline resources and coastal ecological landscapes.The relationship between artificial islands and offshore beach evolution has attracted considerable attention in coastal protection and engineering construction.In this study,we consider Hongtang Bay in Hainan Province,China,as the research object.We adopted the Gao-Collins model to investigate the substrate transport trend in this sea area based on the analysis of the measured hydrologic and sediment data.The shore section from Nanshanjiao to Hongtangling(Taling),including the flat and straight shore sections,is dominated by the lateral transport trend of the vertical shore.The near-shore water has a strong lateral sediment transport capacity,while the outer deep-water area exhibits a sediment transport trend consistent with the tidal current movement.Using multi-year topographic data,the shoreline and seabed alterations in Hongtang Bay were analyzed,and the LITLINE beach evolution model was adopted to simulate the effects of three artificial island layouts with different island filling areas,offshore distances,and plan forms on the near-shore shoreline deformation.The results obtained indicate that the artificial island arrangement with a large offshore distance and a small area has relatively substantial advantages,such as minimizing the adverse effects of artificial island implementation on the near-shore beach.

基于贝叶斯网络的不确定性知识的推理方法

贝叶斯网络是不确定性知识表达与推理的一种新方法。它是概率论和图论相结合的产物 ,可用于复杂多因果关系的分析 ,是人工智能领域的研究热点和重要成果之一。由于它的解决方案明确、直观 ,所以近年来在远程医疗、故障诊断以及数据挖掘等领域 ,得到了广泛的应用。本文论述了贝叶斯网络的基本理论、方法和应用 。

一种混合的垃圾邮件过滤算法研究

贝叶斯邮件过滤器具有较强的分类能力,极高的准确率,在内容过滤领域占据主导地位。人工免疫系统具备强大的自学习、自适应,鲁棒性等能力,已发展成为计算智能研究的一个崭新的分支。该文在分析贝叶斯的原理和人工免疫的仿生机理的基础上,将贝叶斯与人工免疫相结合,设计和实现了一种基于贝叶斯和人工免疫的混合垃圾邮件过滤算法,并利用现有的垃圾邮件语料库得到预期的实验结果。

模式分类方法在电能质量扰动信号分类中的应用综述

文中首先将电能质量扰动信号分类方法划分为模式分类法与非模式分类法,然后简要介绍了模式分类法,综述了人工神经网络、贝叶斯分类、专家系统、支持向量机几种典型的模式分类方法在电能质量扰动信号分类中的应用,对比分析了各种方法的利弊,并对现存的问题及以后的发展趋势进行了展望。

基于词典属性特征的粗粒度词义消歧

本文依据《现代汉语语法信息词典》中对词语多义的属性特征描述,对《人民日报》语料中155个词语共4996个同形实例进行了粗粒度词义自动消歧实验,同时用贝叶斯算法进行了比较测试。基于词典属性特征的消歧方法在同形层面上准确率达到90%,但召回率偏低。其优点在于两个方面:1)不受词义标注语料库规模的影响;2)对特定词语意义的消歧准确率可达到100%。本文也讨论了适用于不同词类的消歧特征。

机器翻译系统融合技术综述

该文对机器翻译研究中的系统融合方法进行了全面综述和分析。根据在多系统输出结果的基础上进行融合的层次差异,我们将系统融合方法分为三类:句子级系统融合、短语级系统融合和词汇级系统融合。然后,针对这三种融合方法,该文分别介绍了它们各自具有代表性的研究工作,包括实现方法、置信度估计和解码算法等,并着重阐述了近年来使用广泛的词汇级系统融合方法中用于构造混淆网络的词对齐技术。最后,该文对这三类系统融合方法进行了比较、总结和展望。

人工免疫原理在邮件过滤中的应用

分析在垃圾邮件过滤中应用人工免疫原理的可行性,对应用中的的关键环节和算法进行了深入研究,并实现了基于人工免疫原理的邮件过滤器AISEF。利用SpamAssassin的邮件样本集进行训练和变异样本集进行识别测试,实验结果表明,对具有变异特性的垃圾邮件,AISEF具有比Bayes过滤器更好的适应性和稳定性。

基于贝叶斯和可信度的糖尿病诊疗系统研究

糖尿病是现代疾病中死亡率最高的病症之一,其带来的慢性并发症具有较高的死亡率。因此,帮助病人尽早发现隐藏的糖尿病病情、监控自己的血糖并辅以相应的治疗方案显得尤为必要。文章介绍了基于贝叶斯和可信度的糖尿病诊断以及分型方法,对糖尿病病人的自我诊治、辅助实习医师诊治糖尿病有一定的实用价值。

基于贝叶斯-神经网络筛选矽肺早期标志物及建立诊断模型

应用液体芯片-飞行时间质谱技术检测了79例早期矽肺组和25例非暴露正常对照组的血清蛋白质。以贝叶斯判别法的最小错误率为目标函数,借助遗传算法全局优化搜索能力,筛选出能代表早期矽肺病人分类特征的最小最优差异蛋白质谱峰子集。用选定的差异蛋白质谱峰子集建立早期矽肺的神经网络诊断模型,该模型的特异性为96%,敏感性为96.25%,准确率为96.15%。其中,1 777 u蛋白质谱峰经过二级质谱鉴定其氨基酸序列为补体C3的1个片段C3f(complement C3f),该片段在矽肺暴露人群中异常低,具有潜在的诊断意义。

基于文本分词朴素贝叶斯分类的图书采访机制探索

[目的/意义]依据图书客观特征作为图书采访依据,相比依据读者需求作为图书采访依据,更具有客观基础。[方法/过程]在馆藏图书是否发生过流通的分类划分基础上,对以题名、出版社为特征的馆藏图书的描述信息,通过文本分类技术,形成图书特征划分方法,对馆藏是否发生过流通进行的统计结果,转化为可以利用人工智能的朴素贝叶斯分类等技术,进行分类学习的概率事件。[结果/结论]模型运行的结果,表明基于文本分词朴素贝叶斯分类技术,能够根据图书表征,对图书流通趋势进行分类,可以使图书采访摆脱人工主观因素干扰,并提供客观可靠的量化依据。