Management of Maillard reaction-derived reactive carbonyl species and advanced glycation end products by tea and tea polyphenols

Tea as the most consumed beverage in the world has received enormous attention for its promoting health benefits.The deleterious effect ofα-dicarbonyls and AGEs formed in Maillard reaction is also a longterm challenge.The connection between the two topics was the main aim of this review,to address and update the antiglycation effect and mechanism of tea and tea polyphenols.By analyzing recent publications,we have covered across chemistry models,cell lines and animal studies.Tea polyphenols,particularly catechins,showed outstanding antiglycation effect by trappingα-dicarbonyl compounds and impeding AGEs formation.Reduction of carbonyl stress brought alleviation to aging,diabetes,and collagen related diseases or complications through regulation of RAGE expression and subsequent MAPK and TGF-βpathway.Therefore,tea polyphenols can serve as promising natural candidates in the treatment and/or prevention of nephropathy,retinopathy,hepatopathy,hyperglycemia and obesity among others,by their potent antiglycation effect.Further studies need to address on aspects like exact mechanisms,solution of detection obstacles,balance of practical usage and harmful effects such as potential flavor damage and toxicity in food,to gain a comprehensive understanding of antiglycation activities of tea polyphenols and its actual application.

Counteraction of Nogo-A and axonal growth inhibitors by green tea polyphenols and other natural products

Neuronal injuries such as stroke,traumatic brain injury,and spinal cord injury are leading causes of major disability and death.Chronic therapy for these neuronal injuries requires the promotion of axonal regeneration from the remaining neurons（Schwab and Strittmatter,2014）.

Impact of Extreme Precipitation Intensity on Tea Production in the North-East of Bangladesh

Bangladesh is a flood prone country where precipitation amount is irregular but sometimes extreme. Among the climatic parameters, precipitation is assumed as one of the vital indicators of ongoing climate change scenarios and is equally important for tea production. In this study, 7 and 9 tea estates of Sylhet and Sreemangal were selected to analyze tea production in relation to extreme precipitation intensity. Precipitation patterns namely 90th, 95th and 99th percentile were analyzed to find out the contribution of extreme precipitation and tea production. To attain the objectives, 3 hourly, daily, monthly, and total precipitation data from 1971 to 2014 were collected from Bangladesh Meteorological Department and Bangladesh Agricultural Development Board. Tea production data were collected from Bangladesh Tea Board, Sylhet. To find out extreme level of precipitation 90th, 95th, 99th percentile precipitation days were identified and analyzed. The analyses show that 1974, 1976, 1977, 1993, 1988, 1990, 2000, 2001, 2002, and 2004 were extreme precipitation years. The average precipitation of Sylhet was higher in 2000 than in 1992 and 2014. In Sreemangal, extreme precipitation was higher in 2014 than in 1992 and 2000. For both the regions, tea production was higher in 2000 and lower in 1992 and 2014. The result shows that more extreme precipitation was responsible for higher amount of tea production. The results suggest that extreme precipitation intensity was one of the responsible factors for higher amount of tea production in Sylhet and Sreemangal.

Green Leaves of Success——Meitan County Shakes off Poverty Through Tea Production

THE villagers of Hetaoba in Meitan County,southwest China’s Guizhou Province,used to say that they eat maize flour mixed with rice every meal,and climb across mountains to get drinking water.Young men cannot wait to escape the distress and seek a livelihood outside,whereas girls do not want to marry people from the mountains.

Evaluation and Analysis for Survey of Tea Production Quality Safety Management and Control

[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate and evaluate the quality safety of tea production in China.[Methods]With the production of famous and high-quality green tea in the western Sichuan tea areas as the investigation object,the practice survey and comprehensive evaluation analysis method were adopted to conduct research on tea production quality safety management and control,and a comprehensive evaluation was carried out in combination with the survey.[Results]Statistical analysis and scoring were carried out according to relevant indices,and the current situation of tea production quality safety was comprehensively evaluated.Four hazards were found,including pesticide residues,heavy metal residues,harmful microorganisms and non-tea impurities,and improvement measures were proposed.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical reference for improving the quality safety of tea production in China.

Effect of Tannin in Green Tea By-Product in Combination with Bio-Char Supplemented into Basal Beef Cattle Diet on Nutrient Digestibility, Methane Production and Animal Performance

The experiment was conducted by using 20 bulls of Lai Sind cattle (a cross breed between Red Sindhi and local Vietnam yellow cattle) from 15 - 16 months of age, weighed approximately 154 - 156 kg, housed individually with provision of adequate feed trough and free access to water to evaluate the effect of tannin sourced from green tea by-product and addition of bio-char on methane production and animal performance. The experimental diets were formulated by replacing elephant grass in basal diet by bio-char and green tea by-product with the replacement of 0.5 - 1 bio-char and 3% - 5% green tea by-products, respectively to make the content of tannin in the diet of 7.3 g and 12.5 g tannin per kg dry matter. Results from this study revealed that bio-char and green tea by-product included into the diet with different levels had significantly affected on the feed intake, as the increasing level of tannin in the diet tended to increase the feed intake. The inclusion of green tea by-product in the diet which resulted in the content of tannin in the diet of 12.5 g/kg DM had significantly reduced methane emission without altering animal performance, thus the inclusion of 0.5% bio-char and 5% of green tea by-product can be applied in order to mitigate methane emission, thus contributed to environment protection.

The Effect of Tea-Cinnamon and <i>Melissa officinalis</i>L. Aqueous Extraction, on Neuropsychology Distress, Biochemical and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Glass Production Workers

Medicinal plants are considered as natural sources of antioxidant compounds which may protect organisms against oxidative stresses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of Cinnamon and Melissa officinalis L. (Lemon balm) on the improvement of oxidative stress in glass production workers. This clinical study was conducted on 32 glass production workers. They were asked to use 0.5 g of tea-Cinnamon and 3 g of Lemon balm as infusion for 30 days in the morning and evening each day. At the beginning and the end of the study, blood samples were taken from individuals to determine the level of fasting blood suger (FBS), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanintransferase (ALT), triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (CL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein(HDL) levels, lipid peroxidation (LPO), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and sillies were measured in workers’ blood. At the end of experiment, data were subjected to the paired t-test analysis. Clinical examination was accomplished to record any abnormal signs or symptoms. After treatment, the high-density lipoprotein and TAC of serum significantly increased while the AST and LPO decreased. There were positive correlations between work history and initiative energy disorder of cognitive test. Probably tea-Cinnamon and Lemon balm possesses marked antioxidant activity and, therefore, it can be used to protect individuals from the oxidative stresses. Using supplementary antioxidants may be helpful in the treatment of workers.

The biodiversity problem in tea-production:the case of Fujian Province,China

Biodiversity is an important concept in ecology, agriculture and also economics. This paper examines the biodiversity problem in tea-production of Fujian Province, China, and tries to improve the biodiversity in Fujian tea industry by illustrating the problem and arousing the public concern about it, which is the main contribution and the purpose of the research. According to the geographical and agricultural conditions in Fujian, this paper describes the problem in detail at fi rst. In the next section it analyzes some factors which contribute to the problem, mainly including natural and historical reasons, economic reasons, institutional reasons and technological reasons. Then this paper tries to propose some suggestions to solve or alleviate the biodiversity problem in Fujian tea-production from the point of government, academic f ield and the producers, as it needs the joint efforts of all those participants. Econometric analyses will be made when necessary with SPSS 11.0.

科技创新推动茶叶质量安全全程管控能力提升

现阶段我国茶叶质量安全水平高,饮茶安全有保障。茶叶饮用安全得益于茶叶科技创新日益发展,茶园绿色防控技术、清洁化茶叶加工技术、茶叶质量安全精准检测技术与风险评估理论创新,将茶叶质量安全从末端监管调整到从茶园到茶杯的全过程,为茶叶质量安全风险监测、风险控制与风险管理提供强有力的科学支撑。性诱剂化学生态防控技术、杀虫灯与诱虫色板物理诱杀技术、茶尺蠖与茶毛虫病毒生物防治技术、以草抑草绿色除草技术等茶园绿色防控技术从源头提升了茶叶农药残留控制水平;清洁化能源加热替代传统的燃煤燃材加热方式,显著降低了茶叶加工中环境污染物和重金属等有害物质的污染;质谱创新技术将茶叶质量安全检测提升到高通量精准检测与非靶向筛查水平,速测创新技术前移了茶叶农药残留的监测环节。文章介绍了近年来我国茶叶质量安全水平,分析了科技创新对茶叶质量安全全程管控能力提升的推动作用。

茶多酚的生物学功能及其在动物生产中的应用

茶多酚是茶叶中的主要成分。茶多酚是一类含有酚羟基结构的多元酚类混合物的总称,主要由黄酮类、花青素、酚酸及儿茶素类等物质组成,具有抗氧化、抗病毒、抗菌抑菌、调节糖脂代谢等生物学功能。茶多酚作为饲料添加剂,能够改善动物机体的免疫力、抗氧化功能,提高机体的抗病力,调节体内多种生理代谢功能,进而改善动物的生产性能,增加养殖利润。文章综述了茶多酚的理化性质、主要成分、生物学功能及其在动物生产中应用研究进展,为茶多酚在动物养殖生产中的高效利用提供参考。

安化黑茶产品及其加工技术

安化黑茶是中国黑茶的重要组成部分,近年来在新产品开发、工艺及装备创新方面取得众多突破。文章分别从安化黑茶的产品类别、传统加工技术、加工技术及装备创新几个维度介绍安化黑茶产品和加工工艺的基本情况及最新研究进展。针对安化黑茶产品及技术创新存在的问题提出建议,旨在为安化黑茶突破产业瓶颈,实现高质量发展提供参考。

浙江省优质颗粒形绿茶产业发展现状与思考

颗粒形绿茶是浙江省绿茶的重要品类,团队在调研浙江省优质颗粒形绿茶生产状况、加工工艺和设备、品质现状及标准建设的基础上,研制了浙江省茶叶学会颗粒形绿茶团体标准,对浙江省优质颗粒形绿茶产业的后续发展进行了思考和建议,可为浙江省颗粒形绿茶产业健康有序发展提供参考。

基于感性工学的吉语瓦当文创茶具设计研究

本研究旨在探究吉语瓦当在文创产品设计中的思路和方法。通过对文物吉语体系中吉语瓦当的形态结构范式以及“书画相应”的语意特征进行深入分析,探索了吉语瓦当与文创产品设计之间的内在联系。在感性工学研究框架下,对文创茶具套装特征进行感性意象分析,并收集具有代表性的文创茶具样本及感性词汇;采用因子分析法对收集到的感性词汇进行降维、聚类,形成三种最具代表性的用户感性语义词汇,即文化的、沉稳的、和谐的;再通过层次化的类别分析,深入挖掘并明确设计的核心情感词汇,构建这些关键词汇与设计元素之间的对应关系。通过文化解读和设计应用的多层面研究,全面探讨了吉语瓦当在文创产品设计中的创新性表达。将吉语瓦当的文化价值与区域资源相融合,实现卓越传统文化的创造性转化和创新性发展,提升区域文化的知名度,促进文化产业的长期繁荣。

大型连续绿茶精制加工生产线研发

茶叶加工技术与装备是茶叶产业发展的基础,对行业发展起着举足轻重的作用。为实现绿茶加工机械自动化生产,设计了大型连续绿茶精制加工生产线,阐述了该生产线系统结构、主要生产环节及安装调试应用。基于PLC控制的大型连续绿茶精制加工生产线,主要由鲜叶上料输送机、大型滚筒杀青机、冷却回潮机、四机协同联动式揉捻机组、并列连续预烘干机组、储料仓、计量分料装置、茶叶炒干与抛光机组、筛分装置、风选装置及配套的测控系统等组成。针对绿茶加工工艺的各个环节,采用模块化设计,根据茶叶加工企业的厂房实际情况,灵活安装组线,满足企业个性化需求。基于模糊PID温度控制的大型滚筒杀青机双模糊控制技术,解决了传统杀青温度与时间无法实现精确控制的难点问题。采用链式刮板输送智能加料装置与多机联动协同连续揉捻控制技术,实现多机协同联动式自动加料连续揉捻,边进料边揉捻,揉捻均匀度高。生产线上杀青机、理条机和烘干机各环节温度采用模糊PID控制,解决了茶叶加工温度、投叶量与杀青、理条、烘干时间实时配合的问题,输入不同等级、不同重量的鲜叶可输出相适应的杀青温度和时间,实现对茶叶生产过程的精确控制,减少人为因素的干扰,实现绿茶的智能化生产。近年来,生产线用户遍布皖、苏、浙、云、贵、川、豫、湘、鄂和陕等10多个省份200余家茶叶生产企业。该生产线的推广应用,实现了茶叶规模化生产,保证了茶叶品质,对茶产业发展具有重要意义。

缅甸茶叶生产与贸易现状分析

为全方位了解缅甸茶叶生产和贸易现状,采用《缅甸统计年鉴》《世界毒品报告》的茶叶种植规模数据和东盟数据库的贸易数据,基于生产集中度、区域比较优势指数和贸易竞争优势指数对缅甸茶叶生产、贸易状况进行分析。结果表明缅甸茶叶生产集中在北部,掸邦占比超80%;缅甸北部地区的茶叶替代种植效果显著,增幅为45.22%;缅甸茶叶单产较低,平均为373.68 kg/hm^(2),各地区单产由低到高依次为克耶邦、内比都、钦邦、曼德勒省、克伦邦、孟邦、掸邦、克钦邦和实皆省。缅甸各地区均不具备茶叶生产的效率比较优势(SEij指数均<0),掸邦、克钦邦具有茶叶生产的综合比较优势(EAIij指数>1)。缅甸茶以出口贸易为主,主要为绿茶。缅甸绿茶对全球和中国的贸易竞争优势指数变化均呈由弱到强的趋势;缅甸红茶对全球不具备竞争优势,但对中国的竞争优势指数为极强竞争优势。

茶叶智能化拼配匀堆除杂生产线控制系统设计

为提高红茶生产工艺水平和产能,通过变频器、PLC、触摸屏及IPC的电气集成,搭建了一套茶叶生产线分布式控制系统,完成了PLC控制程序、现场控制级触摸屏HMI和IPC监控软件的设计,实现了红茶生产线的全过程自动控制、实时数据采集、生产工艺参数设置、历史数据查询及故障自动报警等功能。该系统具有红茶生产线设备的管控一体化功能,满足了现场生产信息可视化监控的要求,智能化程度高,整体技术水平先进。

乳酸菌的健康功效及其在发酵茶叶中的应用进展

乳酸菌在植物基发酵食品中研究应用广泛,对改善并形成发酵产品的独特风味品质、促进营养健康功效多元化等方面具有重要作用。本文介绍了乳酸菌的健康功效,综述了近几年其在发酵茶叶中的应用现状,简述了乳酸菌在发酵茶叶中的应用基础、工艺差异及其对茶叶品质的影响,并对乳酸菌在发酵茶叶中的研究及应用提出了展望,以期为乳酸发酵茶制品的研发和夏秋茶资源高值化利用提供参考。

茶树花的功能成分及相关产品研究进展

茶树花作为茶树生长发育过程中的副产物,具有丰富的保健功能成分和研究利用价值。中国是茶叶大国,茶树花资源丰富且开发潜力巨大。茶树花中存在丰富的保健功能成分,且与茶叶相似,对茶树花进行系统开发利用有助于增加茶农和茶企业的经济收益,实现“变废为宝”进一步提高茶产业的附加值,为茶农创造更多的经济价值。本文主要是通过文献综述的方式,收集、整理并分析近几年茶树花的研究和开发利用现状。从茶树花资源角度出发,对其生化成分的提取及近年茶树花产品开发利用现状进行综述,以期为茶树花资源的开发提供新的思路和参考,对茶产业的可持续发展具有一定的实践和经济价值。

茶多酚对嗜水气单胞菌致病力的抑制作用

针对嗜水气单胞菌污染水产品所致动物感染和消费者食源性疾病等问题,筛选能够抑制嗜水气单胞菌致病力的天然产物茶多酚。溶血试验表明茶多酚对气溶素溶血活性具有直接抑制作用,通过荧光热漂移和七聚体形成试验分析其作用机制。结果表明,茶多酚虽在128μg/mL以下不抑制嗜水气单胞菌的生长,但能在1~8μg/mL直接抑制其主要毒力蛋白气溶素的溶血活性。荧光热漂移和七聚体试验发现,茶多酚通过与气溶素直接结合,降低了气溶素七聚体的形成并抑制其活性。细胞试验结果表明,4~8μg/mL茶多酚能对气溶素导致的人肺癌上皮细胞死亡具有显著的保护作用。此外,50 mg/kg茶多酚治疗可使斑点叉尾鮰嗜水气单胞菌感染模型的存活率提高至60%。综上,茶多酚通过直接与气溶素结合,抑制气溶素形成功能性七聚体而降低其活性,从而显著降低嗜水气单胞菌的体内、外致病力。研究结果提示茶多酚可作为抗生素替代或辅助药物用于治疗嗜水气单胞菌相关感染。

体外产气法评定茶渣替代苜蓿的可行性研究

试验旨在利用体外产气法比较茶渣与苜蓿的肉羊瘤胃体外发酵参数,评价茶渣用作肉羊饲料及替代苜蓿的可行性。选取4只山羊作为瘤胃液供体,利用ANKOM RFS产气测量系统,测定苜蓿、茶渣体外发酵产气量、发酵参数、纤维素酶活性。结果表明:(1)苜蓿组12、24、48 h累计产气量、慢速发酵部分产气量、潜在产气量均显著高于茶渣组(P<0.05);两组间快速发酵部分产气量、产气速率并未见显著差异(P>0.05)。(2)茶渣组pH较苜蓿组显著降低(P<0.05);苜蓿组干物质降解率显著低于茶渣组(P<0.05),氨态氮浓度显著高于茶渣组(P<0.05),苜蓿组可消化有机物、有机物降解率及代谢能均显著高于茶渣组(P<0.05)。(3)两组总挥发性脂肪酸、乙酸、甲烷产量和乙酸/丙酸值差异均不显著(P>0.05),但苜蓿组丙酸、异丁酸、丁酸、异戊酸、戊酸含量均显著高于茶渣组(P<0.05)。(4)两组羧甲基纤维素酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶活性无显著差异(P>0.05),苜蓿组木聚糖酶活性显著高于茶渣组(P<0.05)。由此可见,茶渣可作为肉羊非常规饲料开发利用,但养分可利用程度不如苜蓿,不能完全替代苜蓿。