Characterization of blueberry exosome-like nanoparticles and miRNAs with potential cross-kingdom human gene targets

Edible plant derived exosome-like nanoparticles(ELNs)have been shown to have multiple nutraceutical functions.However,the diversity of plant materials makes the plant derived ELN study challenging.More efforts are still needed to explore the feasible isolation methods of edible plant derived ELNs and the possible roles of food-derived ELNs in improving human health.In this study,a size exclusion chromatography based method was compared with the traditional ultracentrifugation method to isolate blueberry derived ELNs(B-ELNs),and the miRNA profile of B-ELNs was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing.A total of 36 miRNAs were found to be enriched in B-ELNs compared with berry tissue,and their potential cross-kingdom human gene targets were further predicted.Results showed that size exclusion chromatography was effective for B-ELN isolation.The most abundant miRNAs in B-ELNs mainly belonged to the miR166 family and miR396 family.Target gene prediction indicated that B-ELNs could potentially regulate pathways related to the human digestive system,immune system and infectious diseases.

Blueberry anthocyanins extract attenuates oxidative stress and angiogenesis on an in vitro high glucose-induced retinopathy model through the miR-33/GLCCI1 axis

Background:Diabetes retinopathy(DR)is a complication of diabetes that affects patients’vision.Previous studies have found blueberry anthocyanins extract(BAE)can inhibit the progression of DR,but its mechanism is not completely clear.Methods:To study the role of BAE in diabetes retinopathy,we treated human retinal endothelial cells(HRCECs)with 30 mM high glucose to simulate the microenvironment of diabetes retinopathy and used BAE to intervene the in vitro high glucose-induced retinopathy model.HRCEC cell viability and apoptosis rates were examined by Cell Counting Kit 8(CCK-8)assay and flow cytometry assay.The binding sites between miR-33 and glucocorticoid-induced transcript 1(GLCCI1)were assessed by luciferase reporter assay.Retinal neovascularization and oxidative stress contribute to diabetic retinopathy.The tubule formation assay was applied to detect the retinal neovascularization.The oxidative stress in the HRCECs was manifested by the reactive oxygen species(ROS)level,the malondialdehyde(MDA)level,and the superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity.Results:Compared with HRCECs cells cultured under normal conditions,high glucose(HG)can induce oxidative stress in HRCRCs,specifically manifested in the increase of ROS and MDA levels,and the decrease of SOD activity.BAE relieved the tubule formation in n the HRCEC.BAE also relieved the ROS and MDA levels and increased the SOD activity.Luciferase reporter assay revealed that GLCCI1 is a target molecule downstream of miR-33.In HRCEC,BAE significantly inhibited the expression of miR-33 induced by HG.miR-33 mimic inhibited the BAE’s effects on oxidative stress and angiogenesis in an in vitro high glucose-induced retinopathy model.Conclusion:BAE alleviated the oxidative stress and microangiogenesis of HRCEC by regulating the miR-33/GLCCI1 axis.

Major Diseases and Pests of Blueberry in Guizhou Province and Progress in Their Prevention and Control

As the blueberry industry continues to evolve,the effective control of its diseases and pests has become an essential component of local agricultural development.This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the principal types of blueberry diseases and pests in Guizhou Province,along with the corresponding control measures,in order to serve as a valuable reference for blueberry growers.

Why Blueberries?

Small berry fruits, like blueberries, are popular due to their appearance, are easy to eat and have a unique taste. Blueberries belong to the Cyanococcus section of the Ericaceae family. They are known to be one of the richest sources of natural antioxidants. Blueberries are a flavorful and colorful fruit, known for their health benefits attributed to numerous bioactive compounds with various therapeutic effects. The research aims to understand the metabolic and genetic factors that influence the nutritional and sensory qualities of blueberries. They can be consumed as either fresh or processed such as snacks, desserts, fruit salads, and with ice cream, yogurt or processed products such as frozen berries into conserves, purees and juices, dried fruit. They are rich in organic acids phenolic compounds that protect human against a wide variety of diseases since blueberry has high antioxidant activity. In this review, blueberry worldwide production trend and the effect of blueberry nutrient content on human health will be discussed. And there are also some studies carried out in recent years to determine the chemical composition such as sugars, organic acids and phenolic compounds by advanced methodologies in blueberry fruits. This review could be beneficial for future studies will be conducted on blueberry production and its nutritional content. .

Genome-Wide Analysis of the F3′5′H Gene Family in Blueberry(Vaccinium corymbosum L.)Provides Insights into the Regulation of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis

The F3′5′H gene family plays an important role in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis,abiotic stress,and hormone signaling.In this study,14 F3′5′H genes were identified from the blueberry genome.The chromosomal distribution,physicochemical properties,F3′5′H domain,conserved motifs,cis-acting elements,and intron/exon compositions were analyzed.The functional prediction analysis of these VcF3′5′Hs indicated that their biological functions included light response and other secondary metabolites.The results of qRT-PCR showed that VcF3′5′Hs(especially VcF3′5′H4)were highly expressed at the ripening stage.Subcellular localization revealed that VcF3′5′H4 may be located in the endoplasmic reticulum.Co-expression analysis showed that the VcF3′5′H gene family was related to anthocyanin.This research provides an overview of the blueberry F3′5′H family and helps verify the role of these genes in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis.

环嗪酮在蓝莓上的残留及其膳食风险评估

为探明环嗪酮在蓝莓上的最终残留量,在我国浙江、吉林、辽宁和北京4地开展了75%环嗪酮水分散粒剂的田间残留实验。采用电喷雾电离正离子模式,建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蓝莓中环嗪酮残留量的方法。样品经乙腈涡旋提取、盐包盐析,再用装有十八烷基键合硅胶(C_(18))和乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷材料的净化管净化后测定。考察方法的线性、基质效应、定量限、正确度和精密度(相对标准偏差)。在0.0001~0.01 mg/L范围内,环嗪酮的标准曲线方程的线性关系良好,r>0.9998;基质效应为-7.7%;方法定量限为0.01 mg/kg。在0.01、0.1mg/kg和1.0mg/kg添加量范围内,环嗪酮在蓝莓中平均回收率为87%~91%,相对标准偏差不高于3.7%。4个实验点(浙江、北京、辽宁、吉林)最终残留实验结果显示:环嗪酮在实验点药后90d和100d的蓝莓样品中残留量均低于0.01mg/kg,低于美国、日本和韩国制定的最大残留限量值(分别为0.6、0.2mg/kg和0.05mg/kg)。膳食风险评估结果表明:普通人群环嗪酮的国家估算每日摄入量为0.0022mg,膳食摄入风险的风险熵为0.084%,膳食风险小。因此,建议75%的环嗪酮水分散粒剂在蓝莓园使用时,最高施药剂量为有效成分1800g/hm^(2),施药1次,安全间隔期为90d。

Optimization of Intermittent Variable Power Microwave Heating Process for Blueberry Pulp

To improve heating uniformity and anthocyanin content of the blueberry pulp under microwave heating,the intermittent variable power microwave heating technology was introduced in the study.The effects of technology parameters in terms of high microwave intensity heating time,intermittent time,low microwave intensity and low microwave intensity heating time on the blueberry pulp quality parameters(heating uniformity,average moisture content,the highest temperature and anthocyanin content)were investigated by using the response surface method.The results showed that the longer heating time under different microwave intensities resulted in the poorer heating uniformity.The intermittent stage promoted heat and mass transfer within the pulp and reduced the temperature difference and moisture gradient within the pulp,which enhanced desired uniformity of temperature and moisture distribution before entering the low microwave intensity heating stage.Therefore,the longer the intermittent time,the greater the heating uniformity.The optimal parameters were developed as high microwave intensity of 4 W·g^(-1),high microwave intensity heating time of 9.86 min,intermittent time of 10 min,low microwave intensity of 2.2 W·g^(-1)and low microwave intensity heating time of 6 min.This research might provide guidance for microwave heating berry fruits.

组合浸渍和超低温冻融预处理对真空冷冻干燥蓝莓品质的影响

为探究组合浸渍冻干保护剂(海藻糖-CaCl_(2))和超低温冻融预处理对蓝莓活性物质和品质的影响,该研究以直接冷冻干燥为对照组,以普通冻融(-20℃)、超低温快速冻融(-80℃)、超声波辅助冻干保护剂浸渍冻融(-20℃)、(-80℃)预处理后进行真空冷冻干燥为试验组,比较分析蓝莓活性物质(多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性)、营养物质(维生素C、花青素、总酚、类黄酮)、质构特性(硬度、咀嚼性)等指标的变化情况,并在此基础上进行BoxBehnken三因素三水平试验设计。结果表明:单一的冻干保护剂浸渍处理或者超低温处理均不如两者组合效果理想,两者组合浸渍后-80℃冻融处理可以有效维持蓝莓硬度,提高蓝莓营养物质的保留度并减少真空冷冻干燥时间。冻融次数为2次,浸渍时间为3.7 h,单次冷冻时间为4.2 d时蓝莓综合指标最高,营养物质保留度最高。该研究阐述了冻干保护剂浸渍预处理与超低温冻融两者联合处理对真空冷冻干燥蓝莓品质提升的机理,探究了冻融次数、冷冻时间、浸渍时间对品质的影响,得出了真空冷冻干燥预处理的最佳参数,为蓝莓真空冷冻干燥技术的发展提供了新思路。

蓝莓不同部位活性成分及抗氧化能力比较分析

以蓝莓全果、蓝莓果皮和蓝莓果肉为原料,采用醇提法和水提法测定其绿原酸、原儿茶酸、槲皮素、香草酸、总黄酮和总酚的含量及其抗氧化能力。结果表明,蓝莓果实不同部位中活性成分和抗氧化能力具有显著差异(P<0.05);蓝莓果皮中总黄酮和总酚含量最高,显著高于其他提取物中总黄酮和总酚含量,分别为32.61 mg/g和26.95 mg/g;蓝莓果实各部位醇提取物中抗氧化能力显著高于水提取物,顺序为蓝莓果皮>蓝莓全果>蓝莓果肉;各部位主要有效成分包括绿原酸、原儿茶酸、槲皮素、香草酸,在蓝莓果皮中的含量显著高于果肉和蓝莓全果中(P<0.05),蓝莓果实中绿原酸和香草酸含量最高。

云南省蓝莓基质栽培发展现状及对策

云南蓝莓凭借口感好、品质优、风味佳的优势一直备受消费者的青睐。云南省蓝莓采用基质栽培后,蓝莓产量、品质得到了进一步提升。截至2021年,云南省蓝莓种植面积已经突破6 667 hm^(2),产量约4.5万t。为了准确掌握云南省蓝莓基质栽培的发展现状,云南省农业科学院高山水果创新团队调研了全省各个州(市)有代表性的种植企业、合作社、农民,通过查阅文献、实地调研等方式,分析了云南省蓝莓基质栽培发展现状、存在的主要问题,并提出了有关对策建议。

基于注意力机制的轻量化YOLO v5s蓝莓检测算法

为实现自然环境下蓝莓的精确快速检测,在YOLO v5s的基础上提出了一种结合轻量级网络和注意力机制的改进算法。首先,在主干网络和检测头的位置去除了最大目标检测层的结构,因而降低模型的参数量,增强模型对小目标的检测能力。其次,将MHSA(Multi‐head self‐attention,多头自注意力)替换了SPPF(Spatial pyramid pooling‐fast,快速空间金字塔池化)前面的C3模块,使模型学习到更全面的特征表示,增强模型对蓝莓图像中复杂空间关系和上下文信息的理解能力。最后,在C3模块中加入了S-PSA(Sequential polarized self‐attention,顺序极化自注意力),以便模型能够更好地捕捉特征图中相邻区域之间的上下文依赖关系。结果表明,改进后的YOLO v5s算法对成熟、半成熟和未成熟蓝莓的检测精度分别提升1.2、4.4、2.6百分点,平均精度提升2.7百分点,模型参数量减少76.0%。与当前主流轻量化目标检测模型相比,改进后的模型性能更加优越,能为自然环境下蓝莓采摘机器人视觉系统提供一种有效的方案。

青岛西海岸新区蓝莓不同栽培模式生产中存在的技术问题

青岛西海岸新区是山东省蓝莓产业的主要生产区,蓝莓栽培模式多样,实现温室、保温式大棚、大棚、露天4种模式。通过调研、分析,归纳出不同生产模式出现的品种、修剪、施肥、病虫害防治等栽培技术方面的问题,形成初步总结与提议,为山东省蓝莓技术提升和产业发展提供参考。

微环境波动对冰温气调贮藏蓝莓品质的影响

为探究冰温气调状态下微环境波动(即温度波动、气体环境波动、温度气调双波动)后蓝莓品质的变化规律,以“蓝丰”蓝莓为试材,预冷处理后分别放入不同的冰温(-2℃和-1℃)气调(CO_(2):10%~14%;O_(2):6%~9%)环境贮藏7 d,分析蓝莓果实的最佳贮藏环境状态。在此基础上,设计3组微环境波动试验,即温度波动、气调波动、温度和气调双波动,分别波动1~6 d,每次波动结束后采取相应措施进行贮藏,测定1~7 d各试验组蓝莓果实的硬度、内聚性、可滴定酸含量、花青素含量、丙二醛含量。结果表明,试验组的保鲜效果更好。微环境波动试验中,蓝莓的最佳贮藏时间1 d。“蓝丰”蓝莓果实的最佳冰温气调环境为-1℃(CO_(2):10%~12%;O_(2):6%~9%),蓝莓果实品质与波动时长呈负相关,采用降温/降氧/双降手段虽有一定效果,但不能使蓝莓果实品质恢复至冰温气调组的最佳状态。

云南蓝莓产业发展现状及建议

在深入调查分析云南省蓝莓产业发展现状的基础上,着重探讨了云南省蓝莓产业的发展前景与优势、蓝莓栽培面积与产量、生产主栽品种与种植模式。通过对蓝莓生产企业现状进行调查,总结相关经验,分析了存在的问题,并提出相应的建议,为关注云南省蓝莓产业研究的理论工作者,从事蓝莓生产和经营的农户、企业提供理论依据。旨在帮助人们全面了解云南省甚至整个中国的蓝莓产业,及时把握蓝莓产业的趋势和发展方向。

安庆地区5个高产蓝莓品种花青素稳定性研究

目的探究安庆地区5个高产蓝莓品种(奥尼尔、灿烂、海岸、巴尔德温、密斯蒂)花青素稳定性。方法以花青素保存率为评价指标,分别研究了环境因素(pH、光照、温度)和添加物(金属离子、氧化剂、还原剂、蔗糖、氯化钠、柠檬酸、山梨酸钾)对5个品种蓝莓花青素稳定性的影响。结果5个品种蓝莓花青素对pH、光照和高温比较敏感;Zn^(2+)、蔗糖、柠檬酸、山梨酸钾能增强花青素稳定性;花青素与Cu^(2+)、Ca^(2+)共存超过5 d,降解速度加快;Fe^(3+)、H_(2)O_(2)、Na_(2)SO_(3)和浓度高于5%的氯化钠能破坏花青素的稳定性。结论奥尼尔蓝莓花青素稳定性最弱,巴尔德温蓝莓花青素稳定性最强。研究结果可以为蓝莓花青素的加工与保藏提供参考。

基于改进YOLOv8的田间复杂环境下蓝莓成熟度检测

为了快速精确识别田间复杂环境下的蓝莓果实的成熟度,该研究基于YOLOv8提出了一种蓝莓成熟度轻量化检测模型(MSC-YOLOv8)。首先,为了有效减少参数量,提高模型的运行速度,采用MobileNetV3为主干特征提取网络进行特征信息的提取,有利于田间复杂环境下的检测。其次,在主干特征提取网络中插入卷积注意力机制模块(convolutional block attention module,CBAM),以提高深度学习网络对蓝莓特征提取的能力。最后,引入SCYLLAIoU(SIoU)作为YOLOv8的边界框回归损失函数,以解决真实框与预测框角度不匹配的问题,进一步提高蓝莓成熟度识别的准确率。通过试验得出改进的MSC-YOLOv8模型相较于YOLOv8平均精度均值(mean average precision,mAP)提升了3.9个百分点,单张图片平均检测时间比原YOLOv8减少了3.97 ms。改进的MSC-YOLOv8模型在蓝莓数据集上取得了较优的结果,与SSD和CenterNet模型对比,mAP分别提升了4.6和1.1个百分点,在检测速度和准确率方面均有优势。该研究可为田间复杂环境下蓝莓机器人采摘提供技术支持。

基于主成分分析和聚类分析麝香草酚微胶囊/魔芋葡甘露聚糖/低酰基结冷胶可食性复合涂膜对蓝莓品质的综合评价

该研究旨在建立综合评价麝香草酚微胶囊/魔芋葡甘露聚糖/低酰基结冷胶(thymol microcapsule/konjac glucomannan/low-acyl gellan gum,TKL)可食性复合涂膜对蓝莓保鲜效果的方法。以晚熟蓝莓品种‘巴尔德温’为试材,从感官、生理生化、营养成分、色泽和质构等角度,采用主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)、聚类分析、相关性分析等综合评价TKL采前喷涂对蓝莓贮藏品质的影响。结果表明,TKL涂膜处理减缓了蓝莓贮藏过程中感官、果形指数、总酸、硬度、L^(*)、b^(*)、H^(*)和弹性的下降;抑制了失重率、腐烂率、丙二醛、a^(*)、C^(*)值的增加;维持较高的可溶性固形物、总酚、总黄酮、花青素含量、咀嚼性和回复性,从而减缓了蓝莓品质的劣变。PCA分析得到2个主成分,累计方差贡献率为86.90%。PCA得分与感官评价拟合呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。聚类分析显示,TKL涂膜处理21~56 d的蓝莓品质与对照组7~35 d聚类同一类。TKL涂膜将贮藏期从42 d延长到63 d。PCA与聚类分析结合,可更准确地评价TKL涂膜对蓝莓采后综合质量的影响,为TKL涂膜在采后果实的保鲜应用提供理论依据。

辽宁省日光温室蓝莓轻简化高效栽培技术

蓝莓是一种新兴的小浆果,因其较高的营养价值和保健功能,越来越受到人们重视和喜爱。辽宁省大部分地区位于北温带,日光温室蓝莓产业起步较早,设施蓝莓发展面积和果品质量在全国位居前列。近年,随着人口老龄化及城市化加剧,青壮劳动力不足、生产成本上涨等问题已成为制约辽宁温室蓝莓产业发展的瓶颈之一,传统的常规生产方式用工量多、劳动强度大、效益低等问题日益凸显。该文从机械化建园、智能温湿度调控、水肥一体化、设施抑草、蜜蜂授粉、简化修剪、病虫害防治、采收等方面进行详细介绍,总结辽宁温室蓝莓部分环节轻简化栽培措施,旨在为辽宁温室蓝莓产业高质量发展提供指导与借鉴。

蓝莓加工副产物资源综合利用及新业态发展趋势

蓝莓因其较高的营养价值,被誉为“浆果之王”,深受消费者喜爱。随着蓝莓加工业的迅速发展,加工过程中产生的副产物资源日益丰富,因此,提升这些副产物资源的利用率成为践行国家“节粮减损”行动的一个重要途径。总结了蓝莓加工副产物在功效成分的提取、功能活性物质的应用、生物质的转化及食品的智能包装等多个方面的应用现状。探讨了制约蓝莓加工副产物行业发展的几个主要问题,包括副产物的开发和利用程度较低,高效保留功效成分的提取技术不够完善,以及功能提取物的加工活性稳态技术不足,且市场上高附加值的功能产品类型较为单一等。针对这些问题,提出了几项关键措施以提升蓝莓加工副产物的资源利用效率,包括对副产物中活性成分的高稳态技术进行攻关,深入挖掘活性成分精准营养功效,开发多元化和个性化的功能性产品,构建完善的加工标准与质量保障体系等。通过对蓝莓加工副产物资源利用现状及存在问题的系统总结,结合合理化的建议和未来发展趋势的展望,希望为蓝莓加工副产物高值化利用及高质量发展提供参考依据。

3个蓝莓品种花芽分化特性比较研究

为探讨云南省蓝莓多次花芽分化的形态变化、花芽分化规律和品种间的差异,对蓝丰、双丰及夏普蓝的物候期进行调查,利用改良的石蜡切片方法对其花芽分化过程进行观察和分析,并采用MRM方法测定了夏普蓝3次花芽分化过程中5种内源激素含量。结果表明,蓝丰一年现蕾和开花结果1次;双丰一年现蕾和开花结果2次,分别表示为双丰第1次、双丰第2次;夏普蓝一年现蕾和开花结果3次,分别表示为夏普蓝第1次、夏普蓝第2次、夏普蓝第3次。双丰第1次的果熟末期与双丰第2次的现蕾期之间的时间间隔比较明显;从现蕾到果熟期,夏普蓝第1次与夏普蓝第2次具有重合的生育期,夏普蓝第2次与夏普蓝第3次也具有重合的生育期。3个蓝莓品种的花芽分化主要阶段有6个,依次为开始分化期、花序原基分化期、萼片原基分化期、花瓣原基分化期、雄蕊原基分化期、心皮原基分化期。3个蓝莓品种完成花芽分化的时间不同,蓝丰完成花芽分化的时间最长,需53 d,其次是双丰,双丰2次花芽分化完成的时间均比夏普蓝3次花芽分化完成的时间长。不同于蓝丰和双丰,夏普蓝在云南省不需要低温诱导,春季自剪之后立刻进入花芽分化。蓝莓花芽孕育期需要的IAA、CKs、GAs含量均较低,但需要的ABA、ACC含量均较高,要想对花器官后期的花芽分化有利,应保持IAA、CKs、GAs含量为平衡状态。