In this paper, the environmental factors are surveyed of the mariculture waters of the Honghai Bay from the late spring to the early summer (June) in 1998. The distributional features and variation laws of dissolved o...In this paper, the environmental factors are surveyed of the mariculture waters of the Honghai Bay from the late spring to the early summer (June) in 1998. The distributional features and variation laws of dissolved oxygen, salinity, pH value and nutrient salts in the sea water are expounded. Also discussed are their relationships between each other. The results show that the contents of dissolved oxygen and pH value in the sea water increase with the increasing temperature from north (except for No.15~17 stations) to south (expect for No.6 station). At the same time it is affirmed that photosynthesis is the major cause of the high contents of dissolved oxygen and pH value. And the nutrient salt shows a negative correlation with salinity. The total content of phytoplankton obviously increased with the reduction of nutrient salts from north to south.展开更多
Analysis of cold tolerance on mangrove Kandelia candel leaf growing in different soil salinity along Jiulong River Estuary in South China showed that the cold tolerance decreased as the increase of soil salinity. The ...Analysis of cold tolerance on mangrove Kandelia candel leaf growing in different soil salinity along Jiulong River Estuary in South China showed that the cold tolerance decreased as the increase of soil salinity. The lethal temperatures of K. candel leaf were -10.4, -9.9 and -8.6 ℃ in Liaodong, Baijiao and Aotou, respectively. Under 1–2℃ cold stress treatment on detached leaves of K. candel, their caloric value gradually decreased, while electrolyte leakage gradually increased. The leaf’s caloric value and electrolyte leakage in Aotou with higher soil salinity varied more largely than those in Liaodong with lower soil salinity. In K. candel leaf, total water content lowered a little, bound water content rose significantly and free water content dropped significantly with duration of cold stress. At the same time, reduction sugar, soluble sugar and starch content gradually decreased and sucrose content gradually increased. Bound water, free water and sucrose content in K. candel leaf from Aotou with higher soil salinity changed more slowly than those from Liaodong with lower soil salinity, but reduction sugar, soluble sugar and starch content in K. candel leaf from Aotou had faster variations than those from Liaodong. These data indicated that soil salinity can reduce cold tolerance of K. candel leaf by increasing negative effect of salt ions in cell membrane, inhibiting variations of water content, and aggravating consumption of material and energy.展开更多
Salinization of soil is a worldwide problem concerning resources and ecology,especially serious in coastal areas.Testing of 26 sorts of data or parameters are carried out on leaves of 22 plant species(in 24 plant vari...Salinization of soil is a worldwide problem concerning resources and ecology,especially serious in coastal areas.Testing of 26 sorts of data or parameters are carried out on leaves of 22 plant species(in 24 plant variety) of existing main salt-tolerant plant of the Yellow River Delta region.Data or parameters include the following ele-ments:contents of K+,Na+,Ca2+,Mg2+ and Cl-,contents of protein,fat,total energy,ash and contents of 17 amino acids.The results show that these tested plants have economic values.For example,according to their uses,they can be divided into edible plants,forage plants,medicine or health plants,and some of them can be used for multipurposes.These plants have played important roles in the sustainable utilization of plant resources in coastal areas.This paper has taken evaluations on the economic uses of salt-tolerant plants and given suggestions for saline soil improvement and resource utilization in coastal areas.Based on the results of investigation and experiments,we suppose that the salt-tolerant plants in coastal areas can be grouped into 9 main groups according to their economic value:pioneer plants for saline land improvement,medicine,edible and forage plants,industry material,forestation,breeding material,energy plants and eco-tourism resources.展开更多
Background:Soil and water salinity are increasing problems worldwide,causing significantly reduced crop yields.Alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)is often listed as salt-sensitive,but field testing of improved cultivars is li...Background:Soil and water salinity are increasing problems worldwide,causing significantly reduced crop yields.Alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)is often listed as salt-sensitive,but field testing of improved cultivars is limited.Forage systems and improved high-quality alfalfa varieties are needed to enable crop production under high salinity(HS)conditions.Methods:The objective of this study was to measure the yield and quality response of alfalfa to high saline conditions in the field and to document the relative saline tolerance of its varieties.HS irrigation water(electrical conductivity of water,or ECw 8.0–11.0 dS m−1)was applied to 33 nondormant alfalfa cultivars and were compared with low salinity(LS)treatments(ECw 0.5–1.2 dS m−1)over 4 years in a Mediterranean environment on a clay loam soil utilizing a split-plot design.Crops were harvested seven to eight times per year,and the forage quality was measured on selected harvests utilizing near-infrared spectroscopy.Results:The average yield loss due to HS treatment was 23.9%compared with LS treatment,but yields averaged 23.4 Mg ha−1 under HS over the 3 full years of production.This level of production is considered to be economically viable in this region.Differences in salinity tolerance between lines were identified in the field;individual cultivars lost 5%–35%of their LS yield when grown under HS conditions.Forage quality was significantly improved under HS versus LS conditions,but improvements were negatively correlated with biomass yield(R2>0.81),similar to responses observed in drought-stressed alfalfa.Conclusions:These yield results confirm greenhouse studies,indicating that alfalfa is highly salt tolerant once established in the field,with potential for further improvement with tolerant cultivars.Salinity tolerance should be chosen based on total biomass yield as well as on the salinity tolerance index(HS yield relative to LS yield).Agronomic practices to mitigate salinity and sodicity are critical,along with improved cultivars.展开更多
The geochemical analysis and experimental simulation are comprehensively used to systematically study the hydrocarbon generation material,organic matter enrichment and hydrocarbon generation model of Paleogene source ...The geochemical analysis and experimental simulation are comprehensively used to systematically study the hydrocarbon generation material,organic matter enrichment and hydrocarbon generation model of Paleogene source rock in the Western Qaidam Depression,Qaidam Basin,NW China.Three main factors result in low TOC values of saline lacustrine source rock of the Qaidam Basin:relatively poor nutrient supply inhibits the algal bloom,too fast deposition rate causes the dilution of organic matter,and high organic matter conversion efficiency causes the low residual organic carbon.For this type of hydrogen-rich organic matter,due to the reduction of organic carbon during hydrocarbon generation,TOC needs to be restored based on maturity before evaluating organic matter abundance.The hydrocarbon generation of saline lacustrine source rocks of the Qaidam Basin is from two parts:soluble organic matter and insoluble organic matter.The soluble organic matter is inherited from organisms and preserved in saline lacustrine basins.It generates hydrocarbons during low-maturity stage,and the formed hydrocarbons are rich in complex compounds such as NOS,and undergo secondary cracking to form light components in the later stage;the hydrocarbon generation model of insoluble organic matter conforms to the traditional“Tissot”model,with an oil generation peak corresponding to Ro of 1.0%.展开更多
文摘In this paper, the environmental factors are surveyed of the mariculture waters of the Honghai Bay from the late spring to the early summer (June) in 1998. The distributional features and variation laws of dissolved oxygen, salinity, pH value and nutrient salts in the sea water are expounded. Also discussed are their relationships between each other. The results show that the contents of dissolved oxygen and pH value in the sea water increase with the increasing temperature from north (except for No.15~17 stations) to south (expect for No.6 station). At the same time it is affirmed that photosynthesis is the major cause of the high contents of dissolved oxygen and pH value. And the nutrient salt shows a negative correlation with salinity. The total content of phytoplankton obviously increased with the reduction of nutrient salts from north to south.
基金Supported by the Found for Outstanding Young Teacher, the Ministry of Education, China.
文摘Analysis of cold tolerance on mangrove Kandelia candel leaf growing in different soil salinity along Jiulong River Estuary in South China showed that the cold tolerance decreased as the increase of soil salinity. The lethal temperatures of K. candel leaf were -10.4, -9.9 and -8.6 ℃ in Liaodong, Baijiao and Aotou, respectively. Under 1–2℃ cold stress treatment on detached leaves of K. candel, their caloric value gradually decreased, while electrolyte leakage gradually increased. The leaf’s caloric value and electrolyte leakage in Aotou with higher soil salinity varied more largely than those in Liaodong with lower soil salinity. In K. candel leaf, total water content lowered a little, bound water content rose significantly and free water content dropped significantly with duration of cold stress. At the same time, reduction sugar, soluble sugar and starch content gradually decreased and sucrose content gradually increased. Bound water, free water and sucrose content in K. candel leaf from Aotou with higher soil salinity changed more slowly than those from Liaodong with lower soil salinity, but reduction sugar, soluble sugar and starch content in K. candel leaf from Aotou had faster variations than those from Liaodong. These data indicated that soil salinity can reduce cold tolerance of K. candel leaf by increasing negative effect of salt ions in cell membrane, inhibiting variations of water content, and aggravating consumption of material and energy.
文摘Salinization of soil is a worldwide problem concerning resources and ecology,especially serious in coastal areas.Testing of 26 sorts of data or parameters are carried out on leaves of 22 plant species(in 24 plant variety) of existing main salt-tolerant plant of the Yellow River Delta region.Data or parameters include the following ele-ments:contents of K+,Na+,Ca2+,Mg2+ and Cl-,contents of protein,fat,total energy,ash and contents of 17 amino acids.The results show that these tested plants have economic values.For example,according to their uses,they can be divided into edible plants,forage plants,medicine or health plants,and some of them can be used for multipurposes.These plants have played important roles in the sustainable utilization of plant resources in coastal areas.This paper has taken evaluations on the economic uses of salt-tolerant plants and given suggestions for saline soil improvement and resource utilization in coastal areas.Based on the results of investigation and experiments,we suppose that the salt-tolerant plants in coastal areas can be grouped into 9 main groups according to their economic value:pioneer plants for saline land improvement,medicine,edible and forage plants,industry material,forestation,breeding material,energy plants and eco-tourism resources.
基金USDA NIFA,Grant/Award Number:CA-D-PLS-2482-CGUS Alfalfa Farmer Research Initiative(National Alfalfa&Forage Alliance)+1 种基金California State University Agricultural Research Institute(CSU-ARI),Grant/Award Number:17-01-002California Crop Improvement Association。
文摘Background:Soil and water salinity are increasing problems worldwide,causing significantly reduced crop yields.Alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)is often listed as salt-sensitive,but field testing of improved cultivars is limited.Forage systems and improved high-quality alfalfa varieties are needed to enable crop production under high salinity(HS)conditions.Methods:The objective of this study was to measure the yield and quality response of alfalfa to high saline conditions in the field and to document the relative saline tolerance of its varieties.HS irrigation water(electrical conductivity of water,or ECw 8.0–11.0 dS m−1)was applied to 33 nondormant alfalfa cultivars and were compared with low salinity(LS)treatments(ECw 0.5–1.2 dS m−1)over 4 years in a Mediterranean environment on a clay loam soil utilizing a split-plot design.Crops were harvested seven to eight times per year,and the forage quality was measured on selected harvests utilizing near-infrared spectroscopy.Results:The average yield loss due to HS treatment was 23.9%compared with LS treatment,but yields averaged 23.4 Mg ha−1 under HS over the 3 full years of production.This level of production is considered to be economically viable in this region.Differences in salinity tolerance between lines were identified in the field;individual cultivars lost 5%–35%of their LS yield when grown under HS conditions.Forage quality was significantly improved under HS versus LS conditions,but improvements were negatively correlated with biomass yield(R2>0.81),similar to responses observed in drought-stressed alfalfa.Conclusions:These yield results confirm greenhouse studies,indicating that alfalfa is highly salt tolerant once established in the field,with potential for further improvement with tolerant cultivars.Salinity tolerance should be chosen based on total biomass yield as well as on the salinity tolerance index(HS yield relative to LS yield).Agronomic practices to mitigate salinity and sodicity are critical,along with improved cultivars.
基金Supported by the PetroChina Science and Technology Project(2021DJ1808).
文摘The geochemical analysis and experimental simulation are comprehensively used to systematically study the hydrocarbon generation material,organic matter enrichment and hydrocarbon generation model of Paleogene source rock in the Western Qaidam Depression,Qaidam Basin,NW China.Three main factors result in low TOC values of saline lacustrine source rock of the Qaidam Basin:relatively poor nutrient supply inhibits the algal bloom,too fast deposition rate causes the dilution of organic matter,and high organic matter conversion efficiency causes the low residual organic carbon.For this type of hydrogen-rich organic matter,due to the reduction of organic carbon during hydrocarbon generation,TOC needs to be restored based on maturity before evaluating organic matter abundance.The hydrocarbon generation of saline lacustrine source rocks of the Qaidam Basin is from two parts:soluble organic matter and insoluble organic matter.The soluble organic matter is inherited from organisms and preserved in saline lacustrine basins.It generates hydrocarbons during low-maturity stage,and the formed hydrocarbons are rich in complex compounds such as NOS,and undergo secondary cracking to form light components in the later stage;the hydrocarbon generation model of insoluble organic matter conforms to the traditional“Tissot”model,with an oil generation peak corresponding to Ro of 1.0%.
