Effect of initiation manners on the scattering characteristics of semi-preformed fragment warhead

The lethality of a semi-preformed fragment warhead is closely related to the expand velocity and spatial distribution of the fragments from ruptured metal casing. The topic of how to improve the utilization of charge of have been drawing great attention from researchers and designer in this filed. In present paper,in order to investigate the influence of charge initiation manners on the scattering characteristics of semi-preformed fragment warhead, the numerical simulations and experimental test are conducted.Firstly, the influence of grid density on numerical results is investigated, and a proper numerical model with relatively high accuracy and effectiveness is determined. Then. numerical simulations of three kinds of different initiation position of a semi-preformed fragment warhead are carried out. An experimental test of the explosion of a semi-preformed fragment warhead is carried out. By comparing and analyzing the numerical results and experimental data, it is found that the initiation manners have great influence on scattering characteristics of semi-preformed fragment warhead. The researcher work of this paper would provide an effective alternative method to optimize the design of warhead.

Warhead fragments motion trajectories tracking and spatio-temporal distribution reconstruction method based on high-speed stereo photography

High speed photography technique is potentially the most effective way to measure the motion parameter of warhead fragment benefiting from its advantages of high accuracy,high resolution and high efficiency.However,it faces challenge in dense objects tracking and 3D trajectories reconstruction due to the characteristics of small size and dense distribution of fragment swarm.To address these challenges,this work presents a warhead fragments motion trajectories tracking and spatio-temporal distribution reconstruction method based on high-speed stereo photography.Firstly,background difference algorithm is utilized to extract the center and area of each fragment in the image sequence.Subsequently,a multi-object tracking(MOT)algorithm using Kalman filtering and Hungarian optimal assignment is developed to realize real-time and robust trajectories tracking of fragment swarm.To reconstruct 3D motion trajectories,a global stereo trajectories matching strategy is presented,which takes advantages of epipolar constraint and continuity constraint to correctly retrieve stereo correspondence followed by 3D trajectories refinement using polynomial fitting.Finally,the simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can accurately track the motion trajectories and reconstruct the spatio-temporal distribution of 1.0×10^(3)fragments in a field of view(FOV)of 3.2 m×2.5 m,and the accuracy of the velocity estimation can achieve 98.6%.

Three-dimensional reconstruction of precession warhead based on multi-view micro-Doppler analysis

The warhead of a ballistic missile may precess due to lateral moments during release. The resulting micro-Doppler effect is determined by parameters such as the target's motion state and size. A three-dimensional reconstruction method for the precession warhead via the micro-Doppler analysis and inverse Radon transform(IRT) is proposed in this paper. The precession parameters are extracted by the micro-Doppler analysis from three radars, and the IRT is used to estimate the size of targe. The scatterers of the target can be reconstructed based on the above parameters. Simulation experimental results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in this paper.

Double casing warhead with sandwiched charge:The axial distribution of fragments velocities

The double casing warhead with sandwiched charge is a novel fragmentation warhead that can produce two groups of fragments with different velocity,and the previous work has presented a calculation formula to determine the maximum fragment velocity.The current work builds on the published formula to further develop a formula for calculating the axial distribution characteristics of the fragment velocity.For this type of warhead,the simulation of the dispersion characteristics of the detonation products at different positions shows that the detonation products at the ends have a much larger axial velocity than those in the middle,and the detonation products have a greater axial dispersion velocity when they are closer to the central axis.The loading process and the fragment velocity vary with the axial position for both casing layers,and the total velocity of the fragments is the vector sum of the radial velocity and the axial velocity.At the same axial position,the acceleration time of the inner casing is greater than that of the outer casing.For the same casing,the fragments generated at the ends have a longer acceleration time than the fragments from the middle.The proposed formula is validated with the X-ray radiography results of the four warheads previously tested experimentally and the 3D smoothedparticle hydrodynamics numerical simulation results of several series of new warheads with different configurations.The formula can accurately and reliably calculate the fragment velocity when the lengthto-diameter ratio of the charge is greater than 1.5 and the thickness of the casing is less than 20%its inner radius.This work thus provides a key reference for the theoretical analysis and the design of warheads with multiple casings.

杀爆战斗部破碎形态及破片飞散特性数值模拟研究

针对战斗部威力与毁伤效能评估需求,采用FEM和SPH方法基于相同的结构尺寸和材料参数构建了某型杀爆战斗部的数值模型,研究了杀爆战斗部的弹体破碎形态及破片飞散速度沿轴线分布规律,同时对爆炸能量在各物质之间的传递及分配情况进行了计算。研究结果表明:SPH方法可以较好的模拟弹体裂纹扩展和破片生成,但在破片初速计算上,SPH方法忽略了爆轰产物加载过程,而FEM方法无法计算破片速度牵连作用,两者与试验结果相比分别偏低4.4%和7.5%,SPH方法可以更加准确反映爆炸能量在各物质之间的传递及分配规律,其中破片动能占爆炸总能量的36%,壳体拉伸、断裂的塑性变形能占爆炸总能量的5.7%。

侵彻战斗部-引信宽频域加载特性

为揭示侵彻过程中战斗部对引信边界载荷的影响规律,建立战斗部动力学模型和有限元模型。通过有限元差分法计算和数值模拟分析战斗部在不同频率半正弦信号激励下对引信的瞬态加载特性,并采用数值模拟和打靶试验研究弹靶作用时弹体和引信体的过载时域响应特性,通过冲击响应谱数值计算得到引信过载在频域范围的响应放大倍数。研究结果表明:侵彻战斗部在宽频域范围具有明显的轴向振动放大特性。引信过载频响特性与谐响应分析结果表明,侵彻战斗部在宽频域范围轴向振动放大特性的根本原因是战斗部1阶或多阶轴向振动固有频率的谐振,为指导弹载产品的抗高过载优化设计提供了依据。

圆锥-球缺组合药型罩战斗部侵彻双层水间隔靶板

为提升聚能战斗部毁伤性能,基于组合药型罩战斗部的起爆机理,设计一种圆锥-球缺组合药型罩聚能战斗部及双层水间隔靶板结构,建立该战斗部侵彻双层水间隔靶板的物理模型,进行数值模拟计算,根据计算结果加工战斗部及靶板的1∶3缩比模型样机,展开相应试验,为设计全尺寸战斗部样机奠定了基础。试验结果表明:该战斗部侵彻含水夹层目标时具有独特的优势,对目标的破坏效应显著增强。

两种钛合金半穿甲战斗部侵彻单层钢靶性能试验研究

选取亚稳态β型TB17和高损伤容限α+β型TC4-DT两种高韧钛合金材料,对2种钛合金材料在高应变率条件下动态力学响应特性进行测试分析,并应用125 mm火炮发射装置开展2种钛合金半穿甲战斗部侵彻单层钢靶性能试验研究。结果表明,作为半穿甲战斗部的壳体材料,应选择屈服强度与冲击韧性匹配性好的钛合金,其中更应关注钛合金材料的塑性变形能力和抗冲击韧性;随着侵彻着角的增加,侵彻单层钢靶过程弹体头部侵蚀量及径向墩粗程度更严重,不利于弹体保持侵彻强度及装药安定性。

加强筋位置对半穿甲战斗部侵彻多层钢靶性能影响研究

为了研究加强筋位置对半穿甲战斗部侵彻多层钢靶性能的影响,通过试验及数值仿真,研究了加强筋在弹体轴向不同位置处的2种半穿甲战斗部,以一定速度(710 m/s)、着角(20°)侵彻8层钢靶的弹道偏转、弹孔尺寸、余速的差异。研究结果表明:加强筋位置由弹尖向质心位置逼近时弹道偏转角减小、弹孔长轴减小、穿甲能力提升;弹道偏转角增量与靶间距呈正相关关系;弹道偏转角、侵彻余速、弹头侵蚀量及弹孔仿真结果与试验实测值最大偏差为8.82%,仿真与试验结果符合较好。研究结果可为半穿甲战斗部方案设计提供参考。

应用差分进化-神经网络模型的杀爆弹瞄准点分配方法

为在不增加计算时耗的前提下提升多枚杀爆弹对面目标打击毁伤效能,建立融入动爆威力计算的多瞄准点规划方法.对面目标采用结构化网格划分方法实现多枚杀爆弹对目标毁伤区域的精确计算,并进行计算结果验证,基于多次计算结果采用神经网络方法建立单枚弹药对面目标毁伤区域的计算代理模型,在同样计算条件下,比非代理模型计算时间缩短1000倍;据此,通过差分进化算法实现多枚杀爆弹对面目标打击瞄准点及末端弹道参数的规划.通过实例对比分析表明:该瞄准点规划方法形成的打击方案比传统以毁伤半径为输入的方法毁伤效果大幅提升,最低提升25.5%,且单次规划时间不超过3 s,解决了瞄准点规划中毁伤效能模型复杂度与计算耗时之间的矛盾.

动能侵彻弹装药起爆可靠性试验及敏感因素分析

为研究弹体结构设计对弹体装药起爆可靠性的影响,设计了一种低成本、便捷式引战静态匹配试验装置,开展了不同条件下引信与装药的传爆裕度试验。基于移动最小二乘法,构建了可表征起爆可靠性的多变量响应函数,定量分析了各敏感因素及其耦合作用对起爆可靠性的影响规律。结果表明:传爆间隙和缓冲层厚度对弹体装药起爆影响较大,而隔板厚度在预设3~5 mm范围内的影响较小;为保证动能侵彻弹在使用环境温度范围内可靠作用,引信相对偏离位置、隔板厚度、传爆间隙以及缓冲层厚度分别不应超过25、3.5、25以及22 mm。该试验装置、分析方法及研究成果可为动能侵彻弹结构设计及可靠性验证提供借鉴和指导。

战斗部破片光电测速系统设计

战斗部破片的飞行速度是体现其性能指标的重要参数;针对目前在战斗部破片速度参数测试中存在对测试环境要求高,测试面积小,设备结构易被破片误击而损坏,成本昂贵等问题,设计了非接触式战斗部破片光电测速系统,包含原向反射膜、反射式光电探测装置、光电转换电路、信号处理电路及测速装置;阐述了系统结构组成和测速原理,通过反射式光电探测装置与光电转换电路,将得到的光信号转换为电信号,利用集成信号处理电路对电信号滤波放大,比较整形处理,由FPGA,STM32及其他外设组成的测速装置自动处理数据输出并显示战斗部破片的飞行速度结果;实验结果表明:该系统能够可靠,稳定地完成战斗部破片速度的测量任务;与传统测速系统相比,具有不受限于环境,测试区域大,易维护,低成本,操作简单等优势。

不同组合式聚能战斗部对水下目标的毁伤研究

为研究不同组合药型罩聚能型鱼雷战斗部对含水复合结构的穿透性能,建立了聚能装药侵彻含水复合结构的数值计算模型,分析了射流成型过程和穿靶过程。结果表明:圆柱-球缺组合罩相比于其他2种组合药型罩对含水复合结构的穿透性能更好,对后效靶造成的穿深最大。圆柱-球缺组合罩形成的射流长度相比于其他2种组合药型罩分别长10.4%和28.9%,头部速度分别高20.6%和54.3%。侵彻含水复合结构时,圆柱-球缺组合罩形成的水下空腔、水介质径向扩展速度均最小,所以在侵彻含水复合结构后得以保留最大的剩余动能,从而对后效靶造成的穿深最大。合理匹配圆柱-球缺药型罩圆柱部直径d和高度h可提升其对含水复合结构的穿透能力,当d=22 mm、h=16 mm时,圆柱-球缺组合罩可对后效靶取得最大穿深411 mm。结论可为聚能型鱼雷战斗部的组合药型罩选择提供参考。

Cluster Warhead Dispersing Technique and Its Interior Ballistic Calculation

Cluster warhead dispersing technique is analyzed with gas dynamic theory. It is seen that the front cover opening and two stage dispersing system is suitable for guided sub missiles whose number is not so large. The interior ballistic performances of this system are calculated with numerical calculation method. The performances such as the pressure in the pressure chambers and the velocity of the sub missiles are obtained in curve form.

战斗部头部形状对侵彻钢板影响的试验与理论研究

[目的]旨在探究战斗部头部形状对其侵彻匀质金属板性能的影响。[方法]利用92 mm滑膛炮发射平头型战斗部和尖头型战斗部侵彻Q345B与921A钢材料的靶板,通过测速靶网以及高速摄像方法对战斗部侵彻钢板前后的速度进行测量,分析侵彻靶板后战斗部与靶板的毁伤模式,从而建立起不同头部形状战斗部侵彻下的理论评估方法。[结果]结果表明:战斗部头部形状对侵彻靶板后的毁伤模式以及对不同类型钢板的等效换算均具有重要影响;尖头型战斗部对靶板的毁伤以花瓣型为主,平头型战斗部以剪切冲塞为主;与贝尔金公式相比,采用改进Thomoson公式计算战斗部侵彻靶板后的剩余速度所得结果与试验结果吻合更好。[结论]所提方法及结果可用于后续对战斗部穿甲性能的评估,并可为后续大质量战斗部侵彻金属板研究提供相关依据。

封闭空间内活性毁伤元战斗部爆炸载荷特性研究

为探明活性毁伤元战斗部封闭空间爆炸载荷特性,开展了活性毁伤元战斗部、惰性战斗部和裸装药的舱内爆炸对比试验,结合高速数据采集系统和三维扫描技术,分析了不同类型战斗部的舱内爆炸压力、温度、受载结构的变形响应和活性材料的能量释放特性,结果表明活性毁伤元战斗部大幅度提高了舱内的准静态压力、温度峰值和受载结构的残余变形,相较于惰性战斗部和裸装药,爆炸压力、温度和结构残余变形最大提高了79.7%、93.6%和62.1%。此外,活性材料能量释放速率、能量释放量与爆轰能量之间呈现正相关关系,其中能量释放量随着爆轰能量的增大出现收敛现象。最后基于活性毁伤元战斗部载荷特性以及金属薄板的爆炸响应规律,发现活性材料的持续释能现象导致舱内准静态压力和结构在1 ms内所受冲量大幅度增加,两者共同影响结构的残余变形。

锥形头战斗部动态爆炸破片载荷特性分析

为探究锥形头战斗部在不同运动速度下破片的载荷特性,采用SPH仿真方法模拟锥形头战斗部壳体膨胀形成破片的过程和破片载荷特性,并与静爆试验结果对比,验证数值仿真模拟的准确性,研究锥形头战斗部不同运动速度对破片载荷特性的影响。结果表明,战斗部首端部由于截锥面的存在,提高了端部的破片分布区域,增加了战斗部破片的打击范围;战斗部壳体形成的破片初速度沿战斗部轴向呈现明显的阶梯形分布,基于此破片速度可分为四个区域:截锥壳体部、圆柱壳体中前部、圆柱壳体中部和圆柱壳体中后部;动爆条件下,随着战斗部运动速度的增加,尾端部壳体形成的破片初速度呈现出先减小后增大的不规则“V”形,破片飞散角受战斗部运动速度的影响较小,破片飞散方位角沿着战斗部运动方向移动。

导弹战斗部装药质量监督要点研究

针对导弹战斗部装药质量监督的实际需求,分析目前战斗部典型装药工艺方法(熔铸装药、压装药、PBX浇注装药)的特点。经过对比分析,结合导弹战斗部的发展需求,提出装药质量监督要点,为战斗部装药质量监督拟定较详细的控制措施。结果表明:该质量监督要点及控制措施,可有效指导相关人员把控战斗部装药质量,提高监管效能。

圆柱-双锥结合药型罩结构参数对侵彻性能的影响规律

为提高聚能破甲战斗部的毁伤能力,设计了一种圆柱-双锥结合药型罩。用数值模拟方法,通过对该药型罩的正交优化设计,研究了药型罩圆柱部直径d、高度h、上锥角α、下锥角β对射流头部速度和侵彻深度的影响。研究结果表明,上锥角和圆柱部直径分别是影响射流头部速度和侵彻深度的主要因素。因此,在优化设计中得到了兼顾射流速度和侵彻深度的最佳药型罩结构:d=8 mm、h=12 mm、α=36°和β=56°时,射流头部速度为8 667 m/s,侵彻深度达到173.7 mm。优化设计的研究结果具有一定的实际工程指导意义,可为聚能破甲战斗部的性能提升提供有效的设计方案。

战斗部高速侵彻混凝土靶动态响应数值模拟研究

为研究冲击载荷下侵彻战斗部动态响应特性,基于弹-靶分离方法模拟了战斗部侵彻半无限混凝土靶过程,分析了不同装药与壳体头部曲径比、速度及尺寸下战斗部的动态响应,结果表明:装药的最大过载高于壳体最大过载,且装药最大过载、变形程度与装药头部曲径比正相关,应力波导致的装药变形主要分布于头部端面、头部与圆柱段过渡处。战斗部壳体头部曲径比(CRH_(S))增大,壳体及装药最大过载均呈降低趋势,且二者最大过载差值逐渐缩小,CRH_(S)=4时装药的最大塑性应变约为CRH_(S)=2时的29%,且高应变区域明显减小。侵彻初始速度主要影响过载幅值,初始速度越高,战斗部壳体和装药的过载、塑性变形程度越大。而对于不同尺寸的战斗部而言,在不考虑混凝土骨料尺寸、应变率等因素的影响下,战斗部的最大过载、侵彻深度、应力幅值等参量满足相似律,但装药变形程度不符合,战斗部尺寸越大,装药塑性变形越严重。