Primary seminal vesicle adenocarcinoma with a history of seminal vesicle cyst:A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND Primary seminal vesicle adenocarcinoma is a rare malignancy that is difficult to diagnose.CASE SUMMARY A 54-year-old man with an 18-year history of a seminal vesicle cyst presented with worsening hematospermia that had persisted for one month.Dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography and pelvic magnetic resonance imaging indicated a mass with a cystic-solid component.Robot-assisted seminal vesicle tumor resection was performed,and primary seminal vesicle adenocarcinoma was confirmed pathologically.The patient received pelvic radiotherapy for six weeks,and to date,no evidence of recurrence has been found.CONCLUSION Seminal vesicle cysts should be monitored long-term.Seminal vesicle adenocarcinoma presents with non-specific symptoms and can be diagnosed by immunohistochemistry.

Acute diffuse peritonitis secondary to a seminal vesicle abscess:A case report

BACKGROUND Seminal vesicle abscess(SVA)is the manifestation of a relatively rare urinary system infection.In response to urinary system inflammation,an abscess forms in special locations.However,acute diffuse peritonitis(ADP)induced by SVA is unusual.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of a left SVA in a male patient complicated with pelvic abscess,ADP,multiple organ dysfunction syndrome,infectious shock,bacteremia,and acute appendiceal extraserous suppurative inflammation as a result of a long-term indwelling urinary catheter.The patient received a course of morinidazole+cefminol antibiotics but showed no obvious relief,so the perineal SVA underwent puncture drainage and abdominal abscess drainage+appendectomy was performed.The operations were successful.After the operation,anti-infection,anti-shock,and nutritional support treatments were continued and various laboratory indicators were regularly reviewed.The patient was discharged from the hospital after recovery.This disease is a challenge for the clinician because of the unusual spreading path of the abscess.Moreover,appropriate intervention and adequate drainage of abdominal and pelvic lesions are necessary,especially when the primary focus cannot be determined.CONCLUSION The etiology of ADP varies,but acute peritonitis secondary to SVA is very rare.In this patient,the left SVA not only affected the adjacent prostate and bladder but also spread retrogradely through the vas deferens,forming a pelvic abscess in the loose tissues of the extraperitoneal fascia layer.Inflammation involving the peritoneal layer led to ascites and pus accumulation in the abdominal cavity,and appendix involvement led to extraserous suppurative inflammation.In clinical practice,surgeons need to consider the results of various laboratory tests and imaging examinations to make comprehensive judgments involving the diagnosis and treatment plan.

Profiling of seminal antioxidant indices and sperm quality in Plasmodium bergheiinduced malarial mice treated with Phyllanthus amarus

Objective:To evaluate the antiplasmodial activity of Phyllanthus(P.)amarus crude ethanol leaf extract and its effects on semen quality in male BALB/c mice.Methods:A total of 36 adult mice were divided into six groups,with 6 mice each.Five groups were infected with Plasmodium(P.)berghei,and one group was left uninfeceted.Of the five infected groups,one group was left untreated,three groups were treated with varying doses(100,250 and 400 mg/kg)of P.amarus crude ethanol leaf extract orally for 4 days,and another group was treated with standard drug,artemether and lumefantrine(Lonart®DS).Antiplasmodial activity,seminal quality,some biochemical indices(neutral毩-glucosidase,fructose,and citric acid)in seminal plasma and seminal antioxidant markers(catalase,glutathione peroxidase,reduced glutathione,malondialdehyde,total antioxidant capacity,and acid phosphates)were determined.The mice were euthanized 3 days post treatment and semen was collected from the caudal epididymis and processed for analysis using documented methods and procedures.Results:Malarial infection led to oxidative stress,causing a significant decline in seminal quality(P<0.05).However,treatment with P.amarus crude ethanol leaf extract alleviated oxidative stress and significantly improved seminal quality.The improvement was dose-dependent and compared well with the standard drug,artemether and lumefantrine(Lonart®DS)treatment.Conclusions:The ethanol leaf extracts of P.amarus alleviate male reproductive capacity during malaria infection in murine model by enhancing antioxidant activities.

Rectoseminal vesicle fistula after radical surgery for rectal cancer:Four case reports and a literature review

BACKGROUND A rectoseminal vesicle fistula(RSVF)is a rare complication after anterior or low anterior proctectomy for rectal cancer mainly due to anastomotic leakage(AL).Limited literature documenting this rare complication is available.We report four such cases and review the literature to investigate the etiology,clinical manifestations,and the diagnostic and treatment methods of RSVF in order to provide greater insight into this disorder.CASE SUMMARY Four cases of RSVF were presented and summarized,and a further 12 cases selected from the literature were discussed.The main clinical symptoms in these patients were pneumaturia,fever,scrotal swelling and pain,anal pain,orchitis,diarrhea,dysuria,epididymitis and fecaluria.Imaging methods such as pelvic Xray,computed tomography(CT),sinus radiography,barium enema and other techniques confirmed the diagnosis.CT was the imaging modality of choice.In cases presenting with reduced levels of AL,minimal surrounding inflammation,and controlled infection,the RSVF was conservatively treated by urethral catheterization,antibiotics administration and parenteral nutrition.In cases of severe RSVF,incision and drainage of the abscess or fistula and urinary or fecal diversion surgery successfully resolved the fistula.CONCLUSION This study provides an extensive analysis of RSVF,and outlines,summarizes and examines the causes,clinical manifestations,diagnostic procedures and treatment options,in order to prevent misdiagnosis and treatment errors.

Oxytocin in pig seminal plasma is positively related with in vivo fertility of inseminated sows

Background:Identification of relevant in vivo biomarkers for fertility remains a challenge for the livestock industry.Concentrations of the small peptide hormone oxytocin(OXT),involved in male reproductive function and present in the seminal plasma(SP)of several species could be a robust one.This study characterized concentrations of SPOXT in ejaculates from boars used in artificial insemination(AI)programs aiming to evaluate its relationship with sperm quality variables and in vivo fertility of their liquid-stored AI-semen.Seminal OXT concentrations(ng/mL)were measured in 169 ejaculates from 61 boars of the Duroc,Pietrain,Landrace and Large White breeds using a direct competitive immunoassay test based on AlphaLISA®technology.Ejaculate(ejaculate volume,sperm concentration,total sperm count)and sperm parameters(motility,viability,intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species,plasma membrane fluidity)were assessed at 0 h and 72 h in AI-semen samples stored at 17℃.In vivo fertility included only 18 Large White and Landrace boars whose AI-semen was used to inseminated>100 sows and evaluated both farrowing rate and litter size of 3,167 sows.Results:The results showed that SP-OXT differed between boars and between ejaculates within boar(P<0.05)but not between breeds(Duroc,Pietrain,Landrace and Large White).Ejaculates with higher SP-OXT concentration/mL(hierarchically grouped;P<0.001)had larger volume and came from younger boars(P<0.05).Ejaculates of boars showing positive farrowing rate deviation exhibited higher(P<0.05)SP-OXT concentration/mL than those with negative farrowing rate deviation.Conclusion:The SP concentrations of OXT are boar,ejaculate and age dependent,and positively related with ejaculate volume and farrowing rates of liquid-stored semen AI-doses.

Artificial Induction of Twinning by an Active Immunization of Beef Cows Against Inhibin Partially Purified from Porcine Seminal Plasma

Two hundred and seventy multiparous Chinese Yellow cattle (beef) were selected at 1 to 3months postpartum and divided into three groups (90 cows for each). Animals were given both a primary and booster immunizations with a total dose of 3 mg (Group Th) or 1.5 mg (Group Tl) of seminal preparation containing inhibin activity, emulsified with Freund's complete adjuvant and incomplete adjuvant (for booster), at 3 or 4-week intervals. Other cows were treated with the same volume of seminal preparation without inhibin activity as procedures mentioned above to serve as a control (Group C). Artificial inseminations were given twice at 8 - 12 h intervals when the cow was in heat. Jugular venous blood samples were collected from each cow and used to assay the presence of antibody against seminal preparation by double-diffusion in agar precipitation test and to detect the titer of inhibin antibody by an ELISA method. Data from 247 cows showed that 83.9% (73/87) of cows were in estrus and ovulated 89 ova altogether, of which 19 cows ovulated twin ova and 15 cows produced twins in Group Th (n = 87). However, only 61.1% (44/72) of cows in Group Tl (n=72) and 62.5% (55/88) of cows in Group C were in estrus and ovulated 46 and 52 ova altogether respectively.The ovulation rate (1.27 + 0.03), calving rate ( 126.3% ) and twinning rate (26.3%) in Group Th were greater than those in Groups Tl or C (P＜0.01). Furthermore, the ovulation rate was associated with antibody titer in sera of immunized animals (r = 0.7507, P ＜0.01). These results indicate that active immunization of postpartum cows against inhibin purified from porcine seminal plasma may increase the ovulation rate and induce twinning, suggesting the potential to develop a method to improve fertility in cows.

Phytochromes are Involved in Elongation of Seminal Roots and Accumulation of Dry Substances in Rice Seedlings

Phytochromes have been reported to play important roles in seedling de-etiolation and flowering in rice.To identify the roles of phytochromes in regulating root growth and accumulation of dry substances,the lengths of seminal roots and the dry weights of seedlings were measured in the wild type as well as the phytochrome A(phyA) and phytochrome B(phyB) mutants grown under different conditions.When the whole seedlings were exposed to white light,the elongation of the seminal roots was significantly photoinhibited in the wild type,whereas this inhibitory effect was clearly reduced in the phyA and phyB mutants.When the roots of the seedlings were blocked from white light,the phyA and phyB mutants exhibited significantly longer seminal roots than the wild type.These results suggest that both the root-localized and shoot-localized PHYA and PHYB are involved in the photoinhibition of seminal root elongation in rice seedlings.By measuring the dry weights of roots and shoots,it is revealed that PHYB positively regulates the accumulation of dry substances in shoots,however,PHYA exerts the contrary effects on the accumulation of dry substances in roots and shoots of rice seedlings.

Metabolomic fingerprinting of pig seminal plasma identifies in vivo fertility biomarkers

Background:Metabolomic approaches,which include the study of low molecular weight molecules,are an emerging-omics technology useful for identification of biomarkers.In this field,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy has already been used to uncover(in)fertility biomarkers in the seminal plasma(SP)of several mammalian species.However,NMR studies profiling the porcine SP metabolome to uncover in vivo fertility biomarkers are yet to be carried out.Thus,this study aimed to evaluate the putative relationship between SPmetabolites and in vivo fertility outcomes.To this end,24 entire ejaculates(three ejaculates per boar)were collected from artificial insemination(AI)-boars throughout a year(one ejaculate every 4 months).Immediately after collection,ejaculates were centrifuged to obtain SP-samples,which were stored for subsequent metabolomic analysis by NMR spectroscopy.Fertility outcomes from 1525 inseminations were recorded over a year,including farrowing rate,litter size,stillbirths per litter and the duration of pregnancy.Results:A total of 24 metabolites were identified and quantified in all SP-samples.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis showed that lactate levels in SP had discriminative capacity for farrowing rate(area under the curve[AUC]=0.764)while carnitine(AUC=0.847),hypotaurine(AUC=0.819),sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(AUC=0.833),glutamate(AUC=0.799)and glucose(AUC=0.750)showed it for litter size.Similarly,citrate(AUC=0.743),creatine(AUC=0.812),phenylalanine(AUC=0.750),tyrosine(AUC=0.753)and malonate(AUC=0.868)levels had discriminative capacity for stillbirths per litter;and malonate(AUC=0.767)and fumarate(AUC=0.868)levels for gestation length.Conclusions:The assessment of selected SP-metabolites in ejaculates through NMR spectroscopy could be considered as a promising non-invasive tool to predict in vivo fertility outcomes in pigs.Moreover,supplementing AI-doses with specific metabolites should also be envisaged as a way to improve their fertility potential.

The relationship between sexually transmitted microorganisms and seminal quality in asymptomatic men

Objective:To detect DNA of different microorganisms,in semen samples from apparently healthy men and correlate their presence with seminal quality.Methods:Semensamples from 81 healthy volunteers were collected,and semen parameters were analyzed.DNA extraction was performed using the phenol-chloroform technique,and the micro-organisms were detected by the amplification of specific primers using polymerase chain reaction.Results:DNA from at least one of the microorganisms was detected in 78 samples.The most frequent microorganism found in semen were:Lactobacillus spp.(70%),Neisseria gonorrhoeae(N.gonorrhoeae)(36%),Streptococcus epidermidis(64%),Klebsiella pneumoniae(56%),Staphylococcus aureus(32%),Chlamydia trachomatis(C.trachomatis)(28%),Pseudomonas aeru-ginosa(27%).The seminal parameters of all semen samples were over the lower reference values fornormal semenanalysis.To compare with negative samples,seminal volume was higher for the Escherichia coli positive samples and lower for Pseudomonas aeruginosa positive samples.Semen samples positive for Staphylococcus aureus had worse sperm morphology.The frequency of progressive motility was higher in positive samples for N.gonorrhoeae and C.trachomatis.Positive semen samples for C.trachomatis had a higher concentration per milliliter.Conclusion:It is common to find microorganisms in semen of asymptomatic men,including those responsible for sexually transmitted infections.Antimicrobial treatment is recommended only in those individuals with a sexually transmitted infection(C.trachomatis and N.gonorrhoeae)and always promote condom use.

Determinantion and evaluation of antisperm antibodies and seminal immunosuppressive material in recurrent aborting couples

Circulating antisperm antibodies (AsAb) and immunosuppressive material in seminal plasma (SPIM)were determined by solid-phase enzyme staining assay and anticomplement test respectively in 686 patients with abortion (including 285 couples) . 241 fertile couple served as control. It’s found that the positive rate of AsAb in infertile patients was significantly higher than that in fertile control,being 36.6% vs 3.3% (P【0.001). AsAb was even more offen detected in recurrent aborting patients. Male patients whose spouses aborted 2-6 fetuses had significantly less SPIM than control, sperm count and sperm motility were also significantly decreased. But the incidence of pyospermia was significantly greater than that in control. It is concluded that AsAb and SPIM have played an important role in the development of recurrent abortions.

Solitary seminal vesicle metastasis from ileal adenocarcinoma presenting with hematospermia:A case report

BACKGROUND Although metastatic adenocarcinoma of the ileum is not uncommon,solitary metastasis to the seminal vesicle has not been reported.We report a patient with recurrent hematospermia diagnosed with metastasis to the seminal vesicle following ileal adenocarcinoma resection,his subsequent management and outcome.CASE SUMMARY A 46-year-old man presented with recurrent episodes of painless hematospermia.This was not associated with any lower urinary tract symptoms.He had a past medical history of ileal tumor at the terminal ileum with solitary mesenteric lymph node metastasis on presentation,and underwent partial ileectomy and lymphadenectomy 4 years ago.Subsequent investigations included positronemission tomography and computed tomography imaging confirmed the very unusual diagnosis of a solitary tumor at the left seminal vesicle.Laparoscopic leftsided vesiculectomy was carried out.Histological analysis with immunohistochemistry showed that CDX-2 was positive and CK7 was negative,and the appearance was consistent with the diagnosis of recurrent metastatic adenocarcinoma of his previously treated intestine primary.The patient had an uneventful post-operative recovery.He received adjuvant chemoradiotherapy following surgery.He remained asymptomatic until he developed multiple bone and pulmonary metastases one year after surgery.CONCLUSION Clinicians should be aware of hematospermia as the first symptom of metastatic recurrence in patients with a history of ileal adenocarcinoma.

Characterization of proteins in cryopreserved and non-cryopreserved seminal plasma of dairy bulls of dif-fering fertility

Seminal plasma is composed of secretions from accessory sex glands, which are mixed with sperm at ejaculation and contribute the majority of semen volume. Seminal plasma is considered a transport and support medium for sperm in the female reproductive tract. Because seminal plasma is not required for fertilization, the importance of its constituents to the establishment of normal pregnancy has been overlooked. Four seminal plasma proteins, Osteopontin, Sper-madhesin Z13, BSP 30 kDa and Phospholipase A2, have been identified as markers of fertility in dairy bulls (Cancel et al., 1997;Moura et al., 2006, 2007). The objective of the present study was to characterize the expression patterns of these proteins and other proteins found to be of interest in seminal plasma of cryopreserved and non-cryopreserved bull semen. Seminal plasma samples were obtained from 16 mature Hol-stein-Friesian bulls at Select Sires Inc. Samples were divided into two groups based on assigned fertility score expressed as the percentage point deviation (PD) of the bull’s non-return rate (NRR) from the average NRR of all bulls in the Select Sires Inc. reproductive management program. Group 1 (high fertility bulls, n = 8) 1.9 ≤ PD ≤ 2.7%, and group 2 (low fertility bulls, n = 8) -6.5 ≤ PD ≤ 1.8 %. Additionally, the samples were categorized as processed (cryopreserved) or unprocessed (non-cryopreserved) for protein analysis. Protein expression was analyzed by 2-D fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGETM). Protein spots were picked from a reference gel, analyzed by mass spectrometry and, subsequently identified by MS/MS ion searches performed on the SwissProt database. Protein expression did not differ (P > 0.05) with fertility grouping but displayed two distinct patterns among the processing groups: majority of the functional proteins were highly expressed in seminal plasma of non-cryopreserved semen while the cryopreserved semen contained mainly structural/extender derived proteins. Functional proteins identified included Spermadhesin Z13, BSP A1/2, BSP 30 kDa, Nucleobindin-1 and metalloproteinase inhibitor 2. Some of these proteins have been identified as anti-fertility or fertility enhancing agents in males. Whether this alteration in protein expression after processing might affect semen fertility is worthy of further evaluation.

Heparin-binding proteins from boar seminal plasma affecting the release of prostaglandins and interleukin-6 by porcine endometrial and cervical cells and bovine endometrial cells

The objectives of this study were to explore whether heparin-binding proteins, separated by fast protein liquid chromatography from boar seminal plasma influence the release of prostaglandins F2α, (PGF2α), E2 (PGE2) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by porcine endometrial and cervical cells and even bovine endometrial cells. In Experiment I, we showed that release of PGF2α by endometrial epithelial, endometrial stromal and cervical stromal cells to the medium was inhibited (p α (TNFα) stimulated release of IL-6 by endometrial and cervical stromal cells after 24 h incubation, but in the presence of heparin-binding proteins, this stimulation was attenuated. Release of PGF2α by cryopreserved (Experiment II) and primary (Experiment III) cervical stromal cells was significantly inhibited after 3 h incubation with 66 - 95.4 μg of heparin- binding proteins. A significant inhibition of PGE2 release by cryopreserved and primary cervical stromal cells was already achieved after incubation with 16.5 - 23.9 μg of heparin-binding proteins. The release of IL-6 by cryopreserved cells was stimulated after 3 h incubation with heparin- binding proteins in a dose dependent manner in contrast to the release of IL-6 by freshly isolated cervical stromal cells. We also found (Experiment IV) that porcine heparin-binding seminal plasma proteins inhibited release of PGF2α and stimulated release of IL-6 by bovine endometrial epithelial cells. In conclusion, a group of heparin-binding proteins separated by fast protein liquid chromatography from boar seminal plasma inhibit PGF2α, PGE2 and stimulate IL-6 release by porcine endometrial and cervical cells and even by bovine endometrial cells. Thus, these proteins have a similar effect as the entire seminal plasma.

Tumor Volume Associated with Recurrence in Prostate Cancer Patients with Seminal Vesicle Invasion

Objectives: To examine predictors of progression-free survival in men with seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) following radical prostatectomy (RP) for clinically localized prostate cancer. Methods and Materials: Between 1999 and 2009, 1383 men underwent RP at Indiana University. Among them, 115 men were identified with SVI. Disease progression was defined by a rise in PSA ≥ 0.2 ng/ml, receipt of salvage therapy, progression to metastatic disease, or death. After excluding 13 patients for receiving adjuvant therapy, 102 were stratified according to surgical margin (SM) and lymph node (LN) status for Kaplan-Meier analysis of disease progression. Cox proportional hazards analyses of biochemical progression-free survival were undertaken with respect to margin status, pre-operative prostate specific antigen (PSA), tumor volume, age, and post-operative Gleason sum. Stem and leaf plot was undertaken for tumor volume by biochemical PFS. Results: Mean age was 61 years, median Gleason sum was 7, mean tumor volume was 9.7 ml, and mean pre-operative PSA was 13.6 ng/ml. Mean time to disease progression was 17 months. Mean follow-up was 37 months. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed statistically insignificant differences in progression-free survival stratified by SM and LN status (p = 0.12). Cox univariate analyses revealed tumor volume to be a statistically significant predictor of progression free survival (p = 0.02). Stem and Leaf plot revealed tumor volume to be statistically significantly larger in patients who experienced biochemical recurrence, compared to those who did not. Conclusion: Tumor volume was associated progression-free survival in this cohort of SVI patients, while pathologic Gleason sum, PSA, margin and nodal status were not.

Primary Lymphoma of the Seminal Vesicles Presented with Acute Renal Failure: PET-CT Findings

A 63-year-old male presented with lower abdominal pain and oliguria due to a large mass in the seminal vesicles. Positron emission tomography/CT (PET/CT) examination showed multiple lesions in the seminal Vesicles, parapharyngeal space, mediastinum and spermatic cord. The result of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided biopsy indicated a diffuse, large, B-cell lymphoma of the seminal vesicles. PET-CT and TRUS guided biopsy were very helpful to make the correct diagnosis of this unique case.

The Pattern of Seminal Fluid Analysis among Male Partners Attending an Infertility Clinic in a Nigerian Tertiary Health Institution

Background: Semen analysis has remained an objective, inexpensive and readily available means of assessing male factor infertility. Aim and Objective: This study aims to determine the prevalence of male infertility, the types and semen quality among infertile couples attending infertility clinic at UDUTH, Sokoto. Materials and Method: This is a retrospective study carried out between January, 2012 to December, 2016. All case notes of infertile patients managed were retrieved The data obtained was analysed using SPSS version 20 and the results were presented in text, tables and charts. Results: Eight hundred and seventy-six out of 11,938 total gynaecological consultations over the study period were due to infertility, giving a prevalence of 7.3%. Among them, 34.4% (320) accounted for male factor infertility. The age ranged between 22 to 75 years with a mean of 37.44 years ± 7.44. Majority, 50.2% were within the ages of 35 - 44 years and up to 73.8% of them had at least secondary education and were mostly, 39.7% civil servants. Up to 75.4% had sperm abnormalities, among which 65% (196/301) had primary infertility while, 35% (105/301) had secondary infertility. About half of them (47.5% (153/301)) had Azoospermia, 22.3% (67/301) Oligospermia and only 30.3% (91/301) had a normal sperm count. More than half of them, 121/227 (53.3% had multiple abnormalities). Conclusion: Male factor infertility contributes significantly to the burden of infertility in our environment. Therefore, there is the need to create awareness so that males fully participate in the evaluation, as the blames are mainly on the females.

Isolation of Cell-Free DNA from Seminal Fluid

Cell-flee DNA （cfDNA） is small short double stranded molecule that is also found in seminal fluid. It is a product ofapoptotic cells in different developmental stages during spermatogenesis. To final concentration of total cfDNA in semen contributesalso cfDNA secreted from living cells and cfDNA that is result of different diseases e.g. prostate cancer or infertility. Amendedconcentration （high or low） can be connected to prostate cancer or male infertility and can represent important non-invasive diagnosticbiomarker for detection and prognosis of these pathological conditions. In this paper, I will discuss different approaches for isolation ofcfDNA from seminal fluid, which includes selection of the samples, separation, isolation, extraction, purification and analysis. Today＇smost popular approach for isolation is the use of commercial kits based on selective binding and elution on silica-membrane technology,magnetic-bead technology or extraction with organic solvents and salting out procedure. Furthermore I will present that I tried to isolatecfDNA from semen with QIAamp DNA Mini Kit to confirm the presence of cell-free DNA in our samples. In the end I will describeproblems we are facing during cfDNA measurement which are mainly associated with low concentration of cfDNA in samples.

MRI diagnosis of bone and seminal vesicle metastasis in prostate cancer

Objective:To study the value of MRI in the diagnosis of bone and seminal vesicle metastasis of prostate cancer, and to provide reference for clinical diagnosis.Methods: A total of 136 cases of prostate cancer treated in our hospital in December 2017 December 2015 were collected. MRI prostate and peripheral tissue, pelvic and spinal scan were performed before the puncture biopsy, and systematic biopsy of the prostate was performed at the end. The specificity, accuracy and sensitivity of MRI scan in the diagnosis of bone and seminal vesicle metastasis of prostate cancer were compared with the pathological diagnosis as gold standard. Results: The pathological diagnosis of 136 cases of prostate cancer occurred in 34 cases (25%), including 16 cases of seminal vesicle metastasis (10.3%), and 20 cases of bone metastases (14.7%). A total of 42 cases of metastasis (30.9%) were diagnosed by MRI, of which 20 cases (14.7%) were metastases of seminal vesicle and 22 cases of bone metastases (16.2%). The specificity of MRI for the diagnosis of prostate cancer seminal vesicle and bone metastases was 95.7%, the sensitivity was 76.2%, and the accuracy was 89.7%.Conclusion: Compared with pathological biopsy, MRI has high specificity and accuracy in diagnosing seminal vesicle metastasis and bone metastasis in patients with prostate cancer, but the sensitivity is deficient. It is worth promoting in clinic.

A Pelvic Free-Floating “Intraperitoneal Mice” Mimicking Seminal Vesicle Malignancy: A Case Report

Peritoneal loose bodies or “peritoneal mice” are rare well circumscribed benign masses composed of free-floating organized fat necrosis. They are usually asymptomatic and found as “incidentalomas” during Imaging. Their pathogenesis is not well known. We report a rare case of giant intraperitoneal mice which was clinically misdiagnosed as left seminal vesicle malignancy. A review of the literature is also presented.

Study of Sperm Apoptosis and Seminal Oxidant Capacity in Infertile Patients with Genital Tract Infections Evaluation of the Efficacy of Levofloxacin in Two Therapeutic Protocols

Introduction: Antibiotics are the principal treatment of seminal tract infections Our objective is to determine the efficacy of levofloxacin in the eradication of genital tract patogens in infertile patients comparing 28 with 56 days of treatment and to elucidate different seminal parameters availables as markers of antibiotic efficacy in seminal improvement. Materials and Methods: We studied prospectively 50 males patients with seminal tract infections. All patients were treated with levofloxacin 500 mg orally along 28 or 56 days. Two seminal analysis were performed before and after treatment an seminal parameters included TUNEL and nitric oxide levels in seminal plasma were measured. Results: We observed significative differences between both diagrams of treatment. Sperm count and motility increased significatively after treatment. But, sperm morphology do not improve after antibiotic. Necrospermy index but not leucocitospermy had been reduced after levofloxacin. Nitric oxide levels have a direct correlation with sperm count but inverse with motility. The rate of apoptosis determined by TUNEL technique in the study population was 30.46%. There was no correlation between apoptosis parameters and necrozoospermy and there was no correlation between sperm cell apoptosis and NO levels. Conclutions: Bacteriologic cure in seminal infection is higher with a scheme of 56 days than 28 days. Treatment with levofloxacin improves seminal parameters in infertile patients with spermatic tract infection. Nitric oxide but not TUNEL is a good predictive factor of antibiotic efficacy.