Buddhism was introduced to China during the Han Dynasty and took root in China,integrating with local culture.The classic pattern of honeysuckle in Buddhism,as a type of border decoration,was also introduced to China ...Buddhism was introduced to China during the Han Dynasty and took root in China,integrating with local culture.The classic pattern of honeysuckle in Buddhism,as a type of border decoration,was also introduced to China with the eastward advancement of Buddhism.This article aims to conduct a semiotic study on the patterns of honeysuckle patterns in the Yungang Grottoes.Firstly,the concept of honeysuckle patterns was explained,and typical honeysuckle patterns that appeared in the Yungang Grottoes were systematically organized and classified.Then,with the help of semiotic principles,the production of symbols for honeysuckle patterns in the Yungang Grottoes was analyzed from a semiotic perspective.Based on this,the semiotic characteristics of honeysuckle patterns in the Yungang Grottoes and their signifier and referent systems were analyzed in depth.Finally,the shape and connotation of honeysuckle patterns in their evolution and development were summarized.The honeysuckle pattern occupies an important position in the history of traditional patterns in China,so the honeysuckle pattern in Yungang Grottoes,as a decorative theme,not only has important research significance,but its semiotic value is also worth exploring and studying.展开更多
Reading and writing are the main interaction methods with web content.Text simplification tools are helpful for people with cognitive impairments,new language learners,and children as they might find difficulties in u...Reading and writing are the main interaction methods with web content.Text simplification tools are helpful for people with cognitive impairments,new language learners,and children as they might find difficulties in understanding the complex web content.Text simplification is the process of changing complex text intomore readable and understandable text.The recent approaches to text simplification adopted the machine translation concept to learn simplification rules from a parallel corpus of complex and simple sentences.In this paper,we propose two models based on the transformer which is an encoder-decoder structure that achieves state-of-the-art(SOTA)results in machine translation.The training process for our model includes three steps:preprocessing the data using a subword tokenizer,training the model and optimizing it using the Adam optimizer,then using the model to decode the output.The first model uses the transformer only and the second model uses and integrates the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformer(BERT)as encoder to enhance the training time and results.The performance of the proposed model using the transformerwas evaluated using the Bilingual Evaluation Understudy score(BLEU)and recorded(53.78)on the WikiSmall dataset.On the other hand,the experiment on the second model which is integrated with BERT shows that the validation loss decreased very fast compared with the model without the BERT.However,the BLEU score was small(44.54),which could be due to the size of the dataset so the model was overfitting and unable to generalize well.Therefore,in the future,the second model could involve experimenting with a larger dataset such as the WikiLarge.In addition,more analysis has been done on the model’s results and the used dataset using different evaluation metrics to understand their performance.展开更多
This paper examines the simplification strategy of retaining only the nonhydrostatic effect of local acceleration in a three-dimensional fully nonhydrostatic model regarding the submesoscale wave phenomenon in the oce...This paper examines the simplification strategy of retaining only the nonhydrostatic effect of local acceleration in a three-dimensional fully nonhydrostatic model regarding the submesoscale wave phenomenon in the ocean.Elaborate scale analysis of the vertical component of the Reynold-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)equation was performed,confirming the rationalization of this simplification.Then,the simplification was implemented in a RANS equation-based nonhydrostatic model NHWAVE(nonhydrostatic WAVE)to make a simplified nonhydrostatic model.Numerical examples were taken to test its performance,including surface sinusoidal waves propagating on an idealized East China Sea topography,tidally induced internal lee waves and small-scale solitary waves.The results show that in a considerably wide range of nonlinear strengths,the simplified nonhydrostatic model can obtain similar results as those in the fully nonhydrostatic model,even for smaller-scale solitary waves.Nonlinearity influences the applicability of the simplification.The stronger the nonlinearity is,the worse the simplified model describes the nonhydrostatic phenomenon.In general,the simplified nonhydrostatic model can simulate surface waves better than internal waves.Improvement of computational efficiency in the simplified nonhydrostatic model is reasonable,reducing the central processing unit time duration in the fully nonhydrostatic model by 16.4%–20.6%.The specially designed algorithm based on the simplified nonhydrostatic equation can remarkably reduce the computational time.展开更多
For the current automatic coastline generalization method,only one-line element is considered separately,but the relationship between the nearby elements is not effectively considered.A synergistic simplification meth...For the current automatic coastline generalization method,only one-line element is considered separately,but the relationship between the nearby elements is not effectively considered.A synergistic simplification method for multiple coastlines based on the hierarchical triangulation network partition(HTNP)is proposed in this paper.Firstly,the constrained Delaunay triangulation is constructed to partition the regions that can be simplified.Then,a hierarchical binary tree model to structure the morphological characteristics of the above several coastlines and the spatial proximity between different coastlines is constructed.Finally,the small curved and curved invisible parts of the coastline are deleted according to the visual constraints,and the narrow part between the coastline itself or the different coastlines is exaggerated appropriately,and the automatic simplification of the coastline is realized.The experimental results show that:①Relationships between the different coastlines are considered,and the shortcomings of considering the coastline separately are overcome;②Under the condition of the multiple coastlines in complex sea areas,the problem of collaborative simplification is solved,the quality of the coastlines are improved obviously,and the proposed method can be applied into more types of coastlines.展开更多
The present situation of study of Chinese and English navigation idioms is examined from the perspective of semiotics.Firstly,the author expounds the background of the study on navigation idioms.Secondly,the paper exp...The present situation of study of Chinese and English navigation idioms is examined from the perspective of semiotics.Firstly,the author expounds the background of the study on navigation idioms.Secondly,the paper expounds several core concepts related to research.In the end,the article summarizes the vast majority of navigation idioms from the perspective of language and cultural relations with the relevant published literature,as well as cnki.net and English journals,and rarely studies navigation idi⁃oms systematically from the perspective of semiotics.Therefore,it is necessary to carry out this study and find out the cultural simi⁃larities and differences from another perspective.展开更多
An application of line simplification considering spatial knowledge is described.A method for identifying potential conflict regions,in order to avoid the self_intersection of generalized lines,is also discussed.Furth...An application of line simplification considering spatial knowledge is described.A method for identifying potential conflict regions,in order to avoid the self_intersection of generalized lines,is also discussed.Furthermore,a new progressive line simplification algorithm is presented.From the view point of spatial cognition,a spatial hierarchical structure is proposed,and its application to construction of spatial knowledge related to a line is explained.展开更多
This paper attempts to review the semiotic study of brands.Due to the various traditions of semiotics,the approach in question contains several ways of interpretation,including structural semiotics and Peircean semiot...This paper attempts to review the semiotic study of brands.Due to the various traditions of semiotics,the approach in question contains several ways of interpretation,including structural semiotics and Peircean semiotics.Former researchers mainly focus on the first method and seldom employ the second one.Despite a review of former studies,this paper also puts forward a new pattern of study and points out the significance of the semiotic approach and queries remained to be settled.展开更多
In the teaching of translation and grammar,it is essential that the English sentence structure is analyzed and transformation of sentence structures both in English and Chinese in class and after class. However,many k...In the teaching of translation and grammar,it is essential that the English sentence structure is analyzed and transformation of sentence structures both in English and Chinese in class and after class. However,many kinds of English sentences structures prevent the students who study English from getting the basic idea and concept of a sentence in translation or grammatical analysis. In this paper,the author submitted the basic mould of simplification of English sentence structure,and the students can learn and master the translating technique through the simplified English sentence structure. Thus it helps to improve students' competence of translation.展开更多
Given the framework of incremental mesh simplification based on edgecollapse, the paper proposes a mesh simplification algorithm using an improved approach formeasuring simplification error. The algorithm uses edge co...Given the framework of incremental mesh simplification based on edgecollapse, the paper proposes a mesh simplification algorithm using an improved approach formeasuring simplification error. The algorithm uses edge collapse to simplify the trianglemesh andmaintains surface error approximations using c-error for the faces which have changed after edgecollapse and d-crror for the faces which become degenerated after edge collapse. Also, we reportsome results using a variety of computer graphics models, which can show that the algorithm canachieve the desired simplification effect.展开更多
Augmented reality is the merging of synthetic sensory information into a user's perception of a real environment. As one of the most important tasks in augmented scene modeling, terrain simplification research has...Augmented reality is the merging of synthetic sensory information into a user's perception of a real environment. As one of the most important tasks in augmented scene modeling, terrain simplification research has gained more and more attention. In this paper, we mainly focus on point selection problem in terrain simplification using triangulated irregular network. Based on the analysis and comparison of traditional importance measures for each input point, we put forward a new importance measure based on local entropy. The results demonstrate that the local entropy criterion has a better performance than any traditional methods. In addition, it can effectively conquer the 'short-sight' problem associated with the traditional methods.展开更多
This paper describes some details and procedural steps in the equivalent resistance (E-R) method for simplifying the pier group of the Sutong Bridge, which is located on the tidal reach of the lower Yangtze River, i...This paper describes some details and procedural steps in the equivalent resistance (E-R) method for simplifying the pier group of the Sutong Bridge, which is located on the tidal reach of the lower Yangtze River, in Jiangsu Province. Using a two-dimensional tidal current numerical model, three different models were established: the non-bridge pier model, original bridge pier model, and simplified bridge pier model. The difference in hydrodynamic parameters, including water level, velocity, and diversion ratio, as well as time efficiency between these three models is discussed in detail. The results show that simplifying the pier group using the E-R method influences the water level and velocity near the piers, but has no influence on the diversion ratio of each cross-section of the Xuliujing reach located in the lower Yangtze River. Furthermore, the simplified bridge pier model takes half the calculation time that the original bridge pier model needs. Thus, it is concluded that the E-R method can be use to simplify bridge piers in tidal river section modeling reasonably and efficiently.展开更多
Sound velocity profile(SVP)data is indispensable in the multi-beam data processing.The sampling density is of great importance for SVP to represent the vertical variation of sound velocity accurately and guarantee the...Sound velocity profile(SVP)data is indispensable in the multi-beam data processing.The sampling density is of great importance for SVP to represent the vertical variation of sound velocity accurately and guarantee the accuracy of sound ray tracing(SRT).However,the SVP also affects the SRT efficiency significantly,especially in deep-sea multi-beam sounding data processing.To improve SRT efficiency and ensure SRT accuracy,an adaptive SVP simplification method based on area difference is proposed in this article.Firstly,the relationship between the area difference of the raw SVP and the simplified one and SRT bias is studied,and the relationship model of them is built.Then,by considering the constraint of SRT accuracy,the SVP simplification method and the simplifying SVP procedure SVP are given.Finally,a deep water experiment is conducted to verify the proposed method.Compared to the existing method,the proposed method improves the robustness,feasibility of SVP simplification as well as the accuracy and efficiency of SRT.展开更多
We studied the solid-liquid transformation of low-grade solid potash deposit in Dalangtan Basin and simplified the liquid phase system.We did experiments to optimize conditions of the solid-liquid transformation.The S...We studied the solid-liquid transformation of low-grade solid potash deposit in Dalangtan Basin and simplified the liquid phase system.We did experiments to optimize conditions of the solid-liquid transformation.The Suitable展开更多
Based on the surface energy balance model which is widely used abroad, a temperature and humidity field coupling model of conservatory soil without crop vegetation in full illumination was established. Considering the...Based on the surface energy balance model which is widely used abroad, a temperature and humidity field coupling model of conservatory soil without crop vegetation in full illumination was established. Considering the relatively closed environment in conservatory, weak solar radiation and little surface evaporation of soil, the daily variation of water content in different soil layers may be neglected, then the temperature and humidity field coupling model was simplified to a one-dimensional thermal diffusion model. The simplified model and the temperature and humidity field coupling model adopted the same computational method of soil physical parameters and discrete format of heat diffusion differential equations, and were applied to the continuous simulation of temperature field in conservatory soil without crop vegetation in full illumination. Through the comparison between simulation results and experimental data, the precision of the simplified model was verified. The typical rule of soil heat flux variation in a 24 h cycle was also obtained.展开更多
Semiotics is the meta-science of researching the general theories of symbols.Design is the result of the production practice of the human society,and what are designed is to meet the first demand of the human society ...Semiotics is the meta-science of researching the general theories of symbols.Design is the result of the production practice of the human society,and what are designed is to meet the first demand of the human society and is the most important cultural creation;i.e.,the material cultural creation.All the cultural phenom ena are symbol phenomena,so the design phenomenon is also a kind of symbol phenomenon.The ecological aesthetics is a new aesthetic form,studying ecology itself,and it develops from the ecological aesthetic standard.This paper attempts to illustrate the relation of the two fields and find out how to realize sustainable development with the lead of the social values and the mainstream culture.展开更多
Literature visualization has particular characteristics:multimodality in production;multimediality in the means of distribution;visualization of language forms.The basic changes of literature lie in mode- choosing ori...Literature visualization has particular characteristics:multimodality in production;multimediality in the means of distribution;visualization of language forms.The basic changes of literature lie in mode- choosing orientation and potentials that language and image offer for making meaning.Under the framework of multimodal semiotics,image and language are two modes nestled among a multimodal ensemble.Each mode and the interactions between them have the potential to contribute equally to meaning.Elucidating "image-language relation" from multimodality can make it clear that the particular characteristics of image and language don't change;the former describes visual effect,the latter constructs image with imagination.展开更多
文摘Buddhism was introduced to China during the Han Dynasty and took root in China,integrating with local culture.The classic pattern of honeysuckle in Buddhism,as a type of border decoration,was also introduced to China with the eastward advancement of Buddhism.This article aims to conduct a semiotic study on the patterns of honeysuckle patterns in the Yungang Grottoes.Firstly,the concept of honeysuckle patterns was explained,and typical honeysuckle patterns that appeared in the Yungang Grottoes were systematically organized and classified.Then,with the help of semiotic principles,the production of symbols for honeysuckle patterns in the Yungang Grottoes was analyzed from a semiotic perspective.Based on this,the semiotic characteristics of honeysuckle patterns in the Yungang Grottoes and their signifier and referent systems were analyzed in depth.Finally,the shape and connotation of honeysuckle patterns in their evolution and development were summarized.The honeysuckle pattern occupies an important position in the history of traditional patterns in China,so the honeysuckle pattern in Yungang Grottoes,as a decorative theme,not only has important research significance,but its semiotic value is also worth exploring and studying.
文摘Reading and writing are the main interaction methods with web content.Text simplification tools are helpful for people with cognitive impairments,new language learners,and children as they might find difficulties in understanding the complex web content.Text simplification is the process of changing complex text intomore readable and understandable text.The recent approaches to text simplification adopted the machine translation concept to learn simplification rules from a parallel corpus of complex and simple sentences.In this paper,we propose two models based on the transformer which is an encoder-decoder structure that achieves state-of-the-art(SOTA)results in machine translation.The training process for our model includes three steps:preprocessing the data using a subword tokenizer,training the model and optimizing it using the Adam optimizer,then using the model to decode the output.The first model uses the transformer only and the second model uses and integrates the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformer(BERT)as encoder to enhance the training time and results.The performance of the proposed model using the transformerwas evaluated using the Bilingual Evaluation Understudy score(BLEU)and recorded(53.78)on the WikiSmall dataset.On the other hand,the experiment on the second model which is integrated with BERT shows that the validation loss decreased very fast compared with the model without the BERT.However,the BLEU score was small(44.54),which could be due to the size of the dataset so the model was overfitting and unable to generalize well.Therefore,in the future,the second model could involve experimenting with a larger dataset such as the WikiLarge.In addition,more analysis has been done on the model’s results and the used dataset using different evaluation metrics to understand their performance.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.41676003.
文摘This paper examines the simplification strategy of retaining only the nonhydrostatic effect of local acceleration in a three-dimensional fully nonhydrostatic model regarding the submesoscale wave phenomenon in the ocean.Elaborate scale analysis of the vertical component of the Reynold-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)equation was performed,confirming the rationalization of this simplification.Then,the simplification was implemented in a RANS equation-based nonhydrostatic model NHWAVE(nonhydrostatic WAVE)to make a simplified nonhydrostatic model.Numerical examples were taken to test its performance,including surface sinusoidal waves propagating on an idealized East China Sea topography,tidally induced internal lee waves and small-scale solitary waves.The results show that in a considerably wide range of nonlinear strengths,the simplified nonhydrostatic model can obtain similar results as those in the fully nonhydrostatic model,even for smaller-scale solitary waves.Nonlinearity influences the applicability of the simplification.The stronger the nonlinearity is,the worse the simplified model describes the nonhydrostatic phenomenon.In general,the simplified nonhydrostatic model can simulate surface waves better than internal waves.Improvement of computational efficiency in the simplified nonhydrostatic model is reasonable,reducing the central processing unit time duration in the fully nonhydrostatic model by 16.4%–20.6%.The specially designed algorithm based on the simplified nonhydrostatic equation can remarkably reduce the computational time.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41871369,41901320,41471380)。
文摘For the current automatic coastline generalization method,only one-line element is considered separately,but the relationship between the nearby elements is not effectively considered.A synergistic simplification method for multiple coastlines based on the hierarchical triangulation network partition(HTNP)is proposed in this paper.Firstly,the constrained Delaunay triangulation is constructed to partition the regions that can be simplified.Then,a hierarchical binary tree model to structure the morphological characteristics of the above several coastlines and the spatial proximity between different coastlines is constructed.Finally,the small curved and curved invisible parts of the coastline are deleted according to the visual constraints,and the narrow part between the coastline itself or the different coastlines is exaggerated appropriately,and the automatic simplification of the coastline is realized.The experimental results show that:①Relationships between the different coastlines are considered,and the shortcomings of considering the coastline separately are overcome;②Under the condition of the multiple coastlines in complex sea areas,the problem of collaborative simplification is solved,the quality of the coastlines are improved obviously,and the proposed method can be applied into more types of coastlines.
文摘The present situation of study of Chinese and English navigation idioms is examined from the perspective of semiotics.Firstly,the author expounds the background of the study on navigation idioms.Secondly,the paper expounds several core concepts related to research.In the end,the article summarizes the vast majority of navigation idioms from the perspective of language and cultural relations with the relevant published literature,as well as cnki.net and English journals,and rarely studies navigation idi⁃oms systematically from the perspective of semiotics.Therefore,it is necessary to carry out this study and find out the cultural simi⁃larities and differences from another perspective.
文摘An application of line simplification considering spatial knowledge is described.A method for identifying potential conflict regions,in order to avoid the self_intersection of generalized lines,is also discussed.Furthermore,a new progressive line simplification algorithm is presented.From the view point of spatial cognition,a spatial hierarchical structure is proposed,and its application to construction of spatial knowledge related to a line is explained.
文摘This paper attempts to review the semiotic study of brands.Due to the various traditions of semiotics,the approach in question contains several ways of interpretation,including structural semiotics and Peircean semiotics.Former researchers mainly focus on the first method and seldom employ the second one.Despite a review of former studies,this paper also puts forward a new pattern of study and points out the significance of the semiotic approach and queries remained to be settled.
文摘In the teaching of translation and grammar,it is essential that the English sentence structure is analyzed and transformation of sentence structures both in English and Chinese in class and after class. However,many kinds of English sentences structures prevent the students who study English from getting the basic idea and concept of a sentence in translation or grammatical analysis. In this paper,the author submitted the basic mould of simplification of English sentence structure,and the students can learn and master the translating technique through the simplified English sentence structure. Thus it helps to improve students' competence of translation.
基金Supported by the Key Science Technology Project of China (2001BA102A04 02 03)
文摘Given the framework of incremental mesh simplification based on edgecollapse, the paper proposes a mesh simplification algorithm using an improved approach formeasuring simplification error. The algorithm uses edge collapse to simplify the trianglemesh andmaintains surface error approximations using c-error for the faces which have changed after edgecollapse and d-crror for the faces which become degenerated after edge collapse. Also, we reportsome results using a variety of computer graphics models, which can show that the algorithm canachieve the desired simplification effect.
基金This paper is supported by the State Key Laboratory for Image Processing & Intelligent Control (No. TKLJ9903) National Defe
文摘Augmented reality is the merging of synthetic sensory information into a user's perception of a real environment. As one of the most important tasks in augmented scene modeling, terrain simplification research has gained more and more attention. In this paper, we mainly focus on point selection problem in terrain simplification using triangulated irregular network. Based on the analysis and comparison of traditional importance measures for each input point, we put forward a new importance measure based on local entropy. The results demonstrate that the local entropy criterion has a better performance than any traditional methods. In addition, it can effectively conquer the 'short-sight' problem associated with the traditional methods.
基金supported by the Innovation Project of Graduate Education in Jiangsu Province during 2011 (Grant No. CXZZ11_0449)the Research Plan Project of Transportation Science in Jiangsu Province (Grant No. 20100714-30HDKY001-2)
文摘This paper describes some details and procedural steps in the equivalent resistance (E-R) method for simplifying the pier group of the Sutong Bridge, which is located on the tidal reach of the lower Yangtze River, in Jiangsu Province. Using a two-dimensional tidal current numerical model, three different models were established: the non-bridge pier model, original bridge pier model, and simplified bridge pier model. The difference in hydrodynamic parameters, including water level, velocity, and diversion ratio, as well as time efficiency between these three models is discussed in detail. The results show that simplifying the pier group using the E-R method influences the water level and velocity near the piers, but has no influence on the diversion ratio of each cross-section of the Xuliujing reach located in the lower Yangtze River. Furthermore, the simplified bridge pier model takes half the calculation time that the original bridge pier model needs. Thus, it is concluded that the E-R method can be use to simplify bridge piers in tidal river section modeling reasonably and efficiently.
文摘Sound velocity profile(SVP)data is indispensable in the multi-beam data processing.The sampling density is of great importance for SVP to represent the vertical variation of sound velocity accurately and guarantee the accuracy of sound ray tracing(SRT).However,the SVP also affects the SRT efficiency significantly,especially in deep-sea multi-beam sounding data processing.To improve SRT efficiency and ensure SRT accuracy,an adaptive SVP simplification method based on area difference is proposed in this article.Firstly,the relationship between the area difference of the raw SVP and the simplified one and SRT bias is studied,and the relationship model of them is built.Then,by considering the constraint of SRT accuracy,the SVP simplification method and the simplifying SVP procedure SVP are given.Finally,a deep water experiment is conducted to verify the proposed method.Compared to the existing method,the proposed method improves the robustness,feasibility of SVP simplification as well as the accuracy and efficiency of SRT.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant NO. 21373252)
文摘We studied the solid-liquid transformation of low-grade solid potash deposit in Dalangtan Basin and simplified the liquid phase system.We did experiments to optimize conditions of the solid-liquid transformation.The Suitable
文摘Based on the surface energy balance model which is widely used abroad, a temperature and humidity field coupling model of conservatory soil without crop vegetation in full illumination was established. Considering the relatively closed environment in conservatory, weak solar radiation and little surface evaporation of soil, the daily variation of water content in different soil layers may be neglected, then the temperature and humidity field coupling model was simplified to a one-dimensional thermal diffusion model. The simplified model and the temperature and humidity field coupling model adopted the same computational method of soil physical parameters and discrete format of heat diffusion differential equations, and were applied to the continuous simulation of temperature field in conservatory soil without crop vegetation in full illumination. Through the comparison between simulation results and experimental data, the precision of the simplified model was verified. The typical rule of soil heat flux variation in a 24 h cycle was also obtained.
文摘Semiotics is the meta-science of researching the general theories of symbols.Design is the result of the production practice of the human society,and what are designed is to meet the first demand of the human society and is the most important cultural creation;i.e.,the material cultural creation.All the cultural phenom ena are symbol phenomena,so the design phenomenon is also a kind of symbol phenomenon.The ecological aesthetics is a new aesthetic form,studying ecology itself,and it develops from the ecological aesthetic standard.This paper attempts to illustrate the relation of the two fields and find out how to realize sustainable development with the lead of the social values and the mainstream culture.
基金funded by 2013 humanistic and social science research project of the Education Department of Anhui Province(2013AJRW0150)2014 Planning Project of Philosophy and Social Sciences of Anhui Province(AHSKY2014D140)+1 种基金Project No.(JS2015HGXJ0074)Supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘Literature visualization has particular characteristics:multimodality in production;multimediality in the means of distribution;visualization of language forms.The basic changes of literature lie in mode- choosing orientation and potentials that language and image offer for making meaning.Under the framework of multimodal semiotics,image and language are two modes nestled among a multimodal ensemble.Each mode and the interactions between them have the potential to contribute equally to meaning.Elucidating "image-language relation" from multimodality can make it clear that the particular characteristics of image and language don't change;the former describes visual effect,the latter constructs image with imagination.