During the construction of an underground excavation, damage occurs in the surrounding rock mass due in large part to stress changes. While the predicted damage extent impacts profile selection and support design, the...During the construction of an underground excavation, damage occurs in the surrounding rock mass due in large part to stress changes. While the predicted damage extent impacts profile selection and support design, the depth of damage is a critical aspect for the design of permeability sensitive excavations, such as a deep geological repository(DGR) for nuclear waste. Review of literature regarding the depth of excavation damage zones(EDZs) indicates three zones are common and typically related to stress induced damage. Based on past developments related to brittle damage prediction using continuum modelling, the depth of the EDZs has been examined numerically. One method to capture stress induced damage in conventional engineering software is the damage initiation and spalling limit(DISL) approach. The variability of depths predicted using the DISL approach has been evaluated and guidelines are suggested for determining the depth of the EDZs around circular excavations in brittle rock masses. Of the inputs evaluated, it was found that the tensile strength produces the greatest variation in the depth of the EDZs. The results were evaluated statistically to determine the best fit relation between the model inputs and the depth of the EDZs. The best correlation and least variation were found for the outer EDZ and the highly damaged zone(HDZ) showed the greatest variation. Predictive equations for different EDZs have been suggested and the maximum numerical EDZ depths, represented by the 68% prediction interval, agreed well with the empirical evidence. This suggests that the numerical limits can be used for preliminary depth prediction of the EDZs in brittle rock for circular excavations.展开更多
It is stressed in this paper that the seismic hazard analysis is a complex system with multi parameters and its parameter sensitivity should be studied as a whole. We have inspected the effects of parameters continui...It is stressed in this paper that the seismic hazard analysis is a complex system with multi parameters and its parameter sensitivity should be studied as a whole. We have inspected the effects of parameters continuing variation on the result and the effects of exceeding probability and upper bound magnitude of potential source on the parameter sensitivity. Some useful cognitions were got. We have overall calculated the interactions among the parameters including spatial distribution function of earthquake and suggested the concept of relative interaction. The relative interaction is not great than 10% with annual exceeding probability 2×10 -3 . The relative interaction between upper bound magnitude and annual mean rate and the one between upper bound magnitude and space distribution function are 17% and 22% respectively for potantial sources higher upper bound magnitudes in annual exceeding probability 10 -4 . It is convenient to judge whether considering the interactions in actual application. The importance and necessity of calculating the result of the probabilistic distribution are indicated. The effect of the result distribution by different parameter level weights is analyzed. The whole picture of multi parameter sensitivity is revealed. It makes necessary preparation for the reasonable uncertainty correction.展开更多
致密含水气藏具有低压、低孔、低渗、非均质性强、含气饱和度低以及孔喉细小等储层特征。为了研究提高配产对致密含水气藏气井开发效果的影响,对比分析了提高配产前后不同提高配产比例和不同液气比气井的压力、单井最终可采储量(EUR)及...致密含水气藏具有低压、低孔、低渗、非均质性强、含气饱和度低以及孔喉细小等储层特征。为了研究提高配产对致密含水气藏气井开发效果的影响,对比分析了提高配产前后不同提高配产比例和不同液气比气井的压力、单井最终可采储量(EUR)及阶段累产气等开发参数。研究结果表明:1)提高配产比例及气井液气比越大,气井EUR下降幅度也越大;当气井提高配产比例大于50%或液气比大于5 m^(3)/(×10^(4) m ^(3))时,EUR下降比例可达40%。2)致密含水储层应力敏感程度增幅7%~12%,且含水饱和度越高,应力敏感程度越强,渗透率急剧降低。3)生产压差增大,参与流动的地层水增多,近井地带更易积液且积液范围将扩展至地层中部,造成采收率大幅下降。4)井筒内液滴回落,流体侵入储层容易引起近井地带水锁,造成气相渗流能力大幅下降。该研究成果对同类型含水气藏科学合理开发有指导意义。展开更多
基金funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canadaby the Nuclear Waste Management Organization(NWMO)of Canada
文摘During the construction of an underground excavation, damage occurs in the surrounding rock mass due in large part to stress changes. While the predicted damage extent impacts profile selection and support design, the depth of damage is a critical aspect for the design of permeability sensitive excavations, such as a deep geological repository(DGR) for nuclear waste. Review of literature regarding the depth of excavation damage zones(EDZs) indicates three zones are common and typically related to stress induced damage. Based on past developments related to brittle damage prediction using continuum modelling, the depth of the EDZs has been examined numerically. One method to capture stress induced damage in conventional engineering software is the damage initiation and spalling limit(DISL) approach. The variability of depths predicted using the DISL approach has been evaluated and guidelines are suggested for determining the depth of the EDZs around circular excavations in brittle rock masses. Of the inputs evaluated, it was found that the tensile strength produces the greatest variation in the depth of the EDZs. The results were evaluated statistically to determine the best fit relation between the model inputs and the depth of the EDZs. The best correlation and least variation were found for the outer EDZ and the highly damaged zone(HDZ) showed the greatest variation. Predictive equations for different EDZs have been suggested and the maximum numerical EDZ depths, represented by the 68% prediction interval, agreed well with the empirical evidence. This suggests that the numerical limits can be used for preliminary depth prediction of the EDZs in brittle rock for circular excavations.
文摘It is stressed in this paper that the seismic hazard analysis is a complex system with multi parameters and its parameter sensitivity should be studied as a whole. We have inspected the effects of parameters continuing variation on the result and the effects of exceeding probability and upper bound magnitude of potential source on the parameter sensitivity. Some useful cognitions were got. We have overall calculated the interactions among the parameters including spatial distribution function of earthquake and suggested the concept of relative interaction. The relative interaction is not great than 10% with annual exceeding probability 2×10 -3 . The relative interaction between upper bound magnitude and annual mean rate and the one between upper bound magnitude and space distribution function are 17% and 22% respectively for potantial sources higher upper bound magnitudes in annual exceeding probability 10 -4 . It is convenient to judge whether considering the interactions in actual application. The importance and necessity of calculating the result of the probabilistic distribution are indicated. The effect of the result distribution by different parameter level weights is analyzed. The whole picture of multi parameter sensitivity is revealed. It makes necessary preparation for the reasonable uncertainty correction.
文摘致密含水气藏具有低压、低孔、低渗、非均质性强、含气饱和度低以及孔喉细小等储层特征。为了研究提高配产对致密含水气藏气井开发效果的影响,对比分析了提高配产前后不同提高配产比例和不同液气比气井的压力、单井最终可采储量(EUR)及阶段累产气等开发参数。研究结果表明:1)提高配产比例及气井液气比越大,气井EUR下降幅度也越大;当气井提高配产比例大于50%或液气比大于5 m^(3)/(×10^(4) m ^(3))时,EUR下降比例可达40%。2)致密含水储层应力敏感程度增幅7%~12%,且含水饱和度越高,应力敏感程度越强,渗透率急剧降低。3)生产压差增大,参与流动的地层水增多,近井地带更易积液且积液范围将扩展至地层中部,造成采收率大幅下降。4)井筒内液滴回落,流体侵入储层容易引起近井地带水锁,造成气相渗流能力大幅下降。该研究成果对同类型含水气藏科学合理开发有指导意义。
