Sensitive skin syndrome: Research progress on mechanisms and applications

Sensitive skin is a clinical syndrome characterized by a hyper-reactive state of the skin,primarily on the face.It is accompanied by subjective symptoms such as burning,stinging,itching,and tightness when exposed to physical,chemical,or psychological stimuli.Objective signs,such as erythema,scales,and dilated blood vessels,may or may not be present.The discomfort associated with sensitive skin can be triggered by various endogenous and exogenous factors,which usually have no significant effect on the individual and do not induce irritant reactions.Sensitive skin often presents as a subjective state without clinical signs and exhibits diversity,posing challenges in sensitive skin research and care.This review summarizes the prevalence,key factors,pathophysiological mechanisms,diagnosis,and progress in daily care for sensitive skin.The aim is to provide a clearer and more systematic understanding of sensitive skin and offer guidance for sensitive skin care.

Evidence-Based Nursing Practice of Reducing Immune-Related Skin Toxicity of Tumor Patients Guided by Sensitive Indicators

Purpose research on nursing sensitive indicators in tumor Patients application effect in immune-related skin toxicity management. Method select our hospital April to June, 202360 cases patients with immune therapy settings as the control group. August-October, 2023 60 cases the patients treated with immune therapy were the experimental group. The control group adopted regular nursing methods, while the experimental group sensitive Indicators, evidence-based give preventive care. The social situation, psychological state, physical function, quality of life score, incidence of skin toxicity caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors, moderate and above of the two groups of patients were compared. Incidence of skin toxicity. Result: experience group SAS score, SDS score higher than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05);The incidence of skin toxic reactions caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors and the incidence of moderate and above skin toxic reactions in the experimental group are lower than those in the control group, and the difference is statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: sensitive indicator guidance evidence-based preventive care can reduce the degree of immune-related skin toxicity, improve the psychological state and quality of life of tumor patients treated with immune therapy and reduce the incidence of adverse reactions, improve nursing quality and patient satisfaction.

Impact of skin sensitivity mechanisms on sebum secretion: Management strategies for oily sensitive skin

Recent epidemiological surveys based on Baumann's classification have revealed a notable rise in the prevalence of oily sensitive skin.The development of oily sensitive skin is primarily linked to the abnormal function of sebaceous glands.The function of sebaceous glands is regulated by several factors,including inflammatory mediators,neurotransmitters,and endocrine signals.Sensitive skin,particularly oily sensitive skin,is prone to local inflammation,which in turn disrupts the normal functioning of sebaceous glands.This creates a loop wherein increased oil production exacerbates sensitivity,while heightened sensitivity further stimulates sebum secretion,perpetuating a vicious cycle.This article summarizes our understanding of the four primary mechanisms underlying skin sensitivity and their impact on sebaceous gland activity.Accordingly,it proposes management strategies for oily sensitive skin and seeks to guide the development of skin care regimens for this skin type.

Influencing Factors and Solutions of Oily Sensitive Skin

The influence factors of oily sensitive skin were reviewed.Some solutions were proposed for the development of skin care formulations that aim at solving the oily sensitive skin problems more effectively,such as repairing the skin permeability barrier,controlling oil,inhibiting sebum oxidation,relieving keratinization abnormalities,regulating the skin microecology and alleviating skin inflammatory reactions.It was concluded that future research should focus on precise skin care by designing targeted product formulations according to the characteristics of oily sensitive skin.

Research Progress on Causes and Pathogenesis of Sensitive Skin

The causes and pathogenesis of sensitive skin are relatively complex.Herein,the causes and pathogenesis of sensitive skin are summarized based on previous research results.The causes of sensitive skin mainly include various external factors,internal factors,and other dermatological factors.The mechanisms are complex,including skin barrier function injury,changes in epidermal microbial status,abnormal sensory nerve fiber function,activation of TRPV1 channel,neurovascular-immune-inflammatory pathway,transcriptome,etc.Sensitive skin is often induced by multiple mechanisms.The analysis and discussion of the causes and mechanisms of sensitive skin will be helpful to guide clinical practice.

Infrared sensing based sensitive skin

Developed robotics sensitive skin is a modularized, flexible, mini-type array of infrared sensors with data processing capabilities, which can be used to cover the body of a robot. Depending on the infrared sensors and periphery processing circuit, robotics sensitive skin can in real-time provide existence and distance information about obstacles for robots within sensory areas. The methodology of designing sensitive skin and the algorithm of a mass of IR data fusion are presented. The experimental results show that the multi-joint robot with this sensitive skin can work autonomously in an unknown environment.

Sensitive Skin in China

Background: Many consumers in the USA and Europe define themselves as having sensitive skin, a phenomenon whose etiology appears to include both physiological and psychosocial factors. Objectives: Sensitive skin data from the developing world is sparse. This study evaluates the prevalence and characteristics of sensitive skin in China and compares data collected to existing data from the western world. Patients/Materials/Methods: A total of 408 Chinese women voluntarily completed a survey on sensitive skin. Results: Some degree of skin sensitivity was claimed by 94 (23%) of respondents;most (90.4%) said their skin was only slightly or moderately sensitive. Facial sensitivity was claimed by 21% of Chinese women, sensitivity of the body surface by 9% and genital sensitivity by only 6%. Small numbers of respondents reported a history of skin allergy (3%) or a familial history of sensitive skin (2%). Many reported making buying decisions based on product claims. Conclusions: Only 23% of Chinese women claimed any degree of sensitive skin, a prevalence substantially lower than that observed in most Western countries. Sensitivity of the genital skin, in particular, was dramatically lower, suggesting at least some cultural component to perceptions of sensitive skin.

Improving Skin Aging, Skin Hydration and Sensitive Skin with Four Specific Skin Care Products: Results from a Single-Centre, Observational, Prospective Study

In this study, we assessed the efficacy and safety of four skin care products indicated for skin hydration (Aqua Therapy? and Perfecta? ), skin aging (Unica Resurfacing Therapy? ) and sensitive skin (Comfort Therapy? ), in four groups of 7 volunteers with different skin types. These products belong to four skin care ranges (Aqua? , Perfecta? , Unica? and Comfort? ) and are formulated with a specific combination of active compounds (Dermo28? ). Evaluation of sebum secretion, hydration and pH of the skin (all groups), wrinkle severity (Unica Resurfacing Therapy? ) and erythema (Comfort Therapy? ) was performed at baseline and after 4 weeks of treatment. A significant increase in hydration was recorded in subjects with dry skin receiving Aqua Therapy? for facial hydration and Perfecta? for body hydration, respectively (p ? group. In subjects with sensitive skin (Comfort Therapy? ), a decrease in erythema (p = 0.012), an increase in sebum secretion (p = 0.001) and hydration (p < 0.001), and a reduction in pH (p = 0.005) were detected at the end of treatment. Only one patient reported a minor adverse event. This specific combination of active ingredients was clinically effective and safe, and contributed to skin surface hydrolipidic film regeneration, improvement of wrinkle depth and reduction of redness.

Prevalence of sensitive skin and its biophysical response in a Mexican population

AIM: To describe the frequency and biophysical response of sensitive skin in Mexican subjects, using the lactic acid test.METHODS: The lactic acid stinging test was applied to 250 healthy volunteers, both sexes, 18 years of age or older, without any active dermatoses on the test site. Volunteers were university students, workers of public institutions, and general population from San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Participants were not excluded based on socioeconomic status. Demographic data were obtained through a questionnaire. Skin phototype was obtained through colorimetry. Subjects were randomized to receive 10% lactic acid on one nasolabial fold and placebo on the other side. The presence and intensity of adverse sensations, such as itching, burning, or stinging, was evaluated through a 10-point VisualAnalogue Scale(VAS) prior to treatment and at 3, 5, 8 and 10 min after the intervention. Subjects with a VAS of 2 or higher were considered positive for the test. A VAS lower than 2 was considered a normal response to skin manipulation. Simultaneously, biophysical changes and barrier function were assessed by colorimetry, transepidermal water loss(TEWL), and capacitance. To decrease measurement variations by skin manipulation, the nasolabial fold was segmented in four areas of 1 cm2 for each time measurement. Descriptive analyses were made using central tendency measures. Analyses of data were performed using two-tailed c2 test, Fisher's test, t-test, logistic regression, or Mann-Whitney U test for non-parametric values between groups. RESULTS: Of the included 246 subjects, 68% were women and the mean age was 32 years. The most frequent skin phototype was Ⅴ(ranges Ⅱ-Ⅴ). Thirty-six percent of the subjects identified themselves as having sensitive skin. Fifty-two percent of the subjects were positive to the lactic acid stinging test, with a mean VAS of 4.5 at 3 min. Subjects with the self-diagnosis of sensitive skin were more likely to be positive for the test(80% vs 36%, P < 0.001). Lighter skin phototypes(types Ⅱ and Ⅲ) showed a higher response to the test compared to darker skin tones(type Ⅴ; OR = 0.88, P < 0.001). There were no statistical differences in baseline biophysical measurements. At 3 min, TEWL was significantly higher in subjects positive to the test(27.5 vs 23.7, P < 0.05). At 5 min, TEWL and capacitance showed statistical differences(26.0 vs 22.4, P < 0.05, and 239 vs 179, P < 0.05, respectively). After 5 min, values tended to return to baseline levels in both groups.CONCLUSION: Sensitive skin is frequent in our population. Darker skin phototypes have a lower prevalence of this syndrome, probably due to inherent differences in skin barrier function.

Study on the Repairing Effect of Cosmetics Containing <i>Artemisia annua</i>on Sensitive Skin

In view of the increasing sensitivity of consumer skin in recent years, cosmetics containing Artemisia annua extract was tested to evaluate its effectiveness in repairing sensitive skin. Through the experiment of xylene-induced ear swelling in mice, it was found that the inhibition rates of ear swelling in mice induced by xylene in three groups of cosmetics containing Artemisia annua extract reached 60.40%, 73.36% and 74.01%, respectively, close to the positive drug group. Twenty-five sensitive skin volunteers were selected for human clinical trial, and the skin TEWL value, cuticle hydration degree and skin heme (ultra-high concentration) were tested. The results showed that using cosmetics containing Artemisia annua extract for four weeks could effectively increase the hydration degree of cheek cuticle by 63.90% and reduce transepidermal waterloss (TEWL) by 21.51%. The skin heme (ultra-high concentration) decreased by 69.14% and the affected area decreased by 77.47%. The results show that the cosmetics containing Artemisia annua extract can inhibit inflammation, repair skin barrier, improve damaged skin, and reduce redness and other sensitive skin symptoms.

High-resolution polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography for zebrafish skin imaging

Zebrafish is an important animal model,which is used to study development,pathology,and genetic research.The zebrafish skin model is widely used in cutaneous research,and angiogenesis is critical for cutaneous wound healing.However,limited by the penetration depth,the available optical methods are difficult to describe the internal skin structure and the connection of blood vessels between the skin and subcutaneous tissue.By a homemade high-resolution polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography(PS-OCT)system,we imaged the polarization contrast of zebrafish skin and the zebrafish skin vasculature with optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA).Based on these OCT images,the spatial distribution of the zebrafish skin vasculature was described.Furthermore,we monitored the healing process of zebrafish cutaneous wounds.We think the high-resolution PS-OCT system will be a promising tool in studying cutaneous models of zebrafish.

Skin Sensitive Difference of Human Body Sections under Clothing— Smirnov Test of Skin Surface Temperatures' Dynamic Changing

Skin sensitive difference of human body sections under clothing is the theoretic foundation of thermal insulation clothing design. By a new method of researching on clothing comfort perception, the skin temperature live changing procedure of human body sections affected by the same cold stimulation is inspected. Furthermore with the Smirnov test the skin temperatures dynamic changing patterns of main human body sections are obtained.

Thermal Effect of a Revolving Gaussian Beam on Activating Heat-Sensitive Nociceptors in Skin

We consider the problem of inducing withdrawal reflex on a test subject by exposing the subject’s skin to an electromagnetic beam. Heat-sensitive nociceptors in the skin are activated wherever the temperature is above the activation temperature. Withdrawal reflex occurs when the activated volume reaches a threshold. Previously we studied static beams with 3 types of power density distribution: Gaussian, super-Gaussian, and flat-top. We found that the flaptop is the best and the Gaussian is the worst in their performance with regard to 1) minimizing the time to withdrawal reflex, 2) minimizing the energy consumption and 3) minimizing the maximum temperature increase. The less-than-desirable performance of Gaussian beams is attributed to the uneven distribution of power density resulting in low energy efficiency: near the beam center the high power density does not contribute proportionally to increasing the activated volume;outside the beam effective radius the low power density fails to activate nociceptors. To overcome the drawbacks of Gaussian beams, in this study, we revolve a Gaussian beam around a fixed point to make the power density more uniformly distributed. We optimize the performance over two parameters: the spot size of static beam and the radius of beam revolution. We find that in comparison with a static Gaussian beam, a revolving Gaussian beam can reduce the energy consumption, and at the same time lower the maximum temperature.

Ultraconformable Integrated Wireless Charging Micro-Supercapacitor Skin

Conformable and wire-less charging energy storage devices play important roles in enabling the fast development of wearable,non-contact soft electronics.However,current wire-less charging power sources are still restricted by limited flexural angles and fragile connection of components,resulting in the failure expression of performance and constraining their fur-ther applications in health monitoring wearables and moveable artificial limbs.Herein,we present an ultracompatible skin-like integrated wireless charging micro-supercapacitor,which building blocks(including electrolyte,electrode and substrate)are all evaporated by liquid precursor.Owing to the infiltration and permeation of the liquid,each part of the integrated device attached firmly with each other,forming a compact and all-in-one configuration.In addition,benefitting from the controllable volume of electrode solution precursor,the electrode thickness is easily regulated varying from 11.7 to 112.5μm.This prepared thin IWC-MSC skin can fit well with curving human body,and could be wireless charged to store electricity into high capacitive micro-supercapacitors(11.39 F cm-3)of the integrated device.We believe this work will shed light on the construction of skin-attachable electronics and irregular sensing microrobots.

Skin Sensitive Difference of Human Body Sections under Clothing - Multiple Analysis of Skin Surface Temperature Changes

A new researching method on clothing comfort perception is developed.By it the skin surface temperature changes and subjective psychological perception of human body sections stimulated by the same cold stimulation are studied.With the multiple comparison analysis method the changing laws of skin temperature of main human body sections is obtained.

A Study on the Relationship Between Skin Sensitivity and Lifestyle, Skin Conditions

Investigate the self-assessment of the skin sensitivity degree of Chinese cosmetic consumers,and explore the differences in lifestyle and skin conditions among consumers with different degrees of skin sensitivity.The study selected 716 female participants from different cities,and collected relevant data through questionnaire surveys,instrument tests,and other methods.The results found that the participants who self-assessed as having sensitive skin had a lower average age,frequency of skin care,frequency of makeup,and years of makeup.The proportion of choosing medical cosmetology and staying up late was higher,the skin was more elastic,the skin tone was more biased towards red,there were more red areas,and the skin texture was better(p<0.05).The research results can be used to guide the development of cosmetics to meet the needs of consumers with different degrees of skin sensitivity.

The Domestic Sensitive Skincare Market and Product Trends

During the last twenty years,China has been the second largest cosmetics market in the world,behind the United States.In 2019,the size of domestic skincare market(excluding China Taiwan,Hong Kong and Macao)has been up to 244.4 billion.With the rapid development of cosmetics industry,the domestic market is awash with cosmetics of noncompliance and poor quality due to the lagged market supervision and lack of professional identification.Making use of customers’demand for getting beautiful quickly,fraudulent sellers add prohibited ingredients such as hormones,lead and mercury into cosmetics,which damages consumers’skin.As we all know,the pathological change of sensitive skin is that stratum corneum gets thin and redness appears on the face when blood congests after angiotelectasis,whose results range from sensitive skin to the incurability.

Numerical analysis of downward progressive landslides in long natural slopes with sensitive clay

Landslides occurring in sensitive clay often result in widespread destruction,posing a significant risk to human lives and property due to the substantial decrease in undrained shear strength during deformation.Assessing the consequences of these landslides is challenging and necessitates robust numerical methods to comprehensively investigate their failure mechanisms.While studies have extensively explored upward progressive landslides in sensitive clays,understanding downward progressive cases remains limited.In this study,we utilised the nodal integration-based particle finite element method(NPFEM)with a nonlinear strain-softening model to analyse downward progressive landslides in sensitive clay on elongated slopes,induced by surcharge loads near the crest.We focused on elucidating the underlying failure mechanisms and evaluating the effects of different soil parameters and strainsoftening characteristics.The simulation results revealed the typical pattern for downward landslides,which typically start with a localised failure in proximity to the surcharge loads,followed by a combination of different types of failure mechanisms,including single flow slides,translational progressive landslides,progressive flow slides,and spread failures.Additionally,inclined shear bands occur within spread failures,often adopting distinctive ploughing patterns characterised by triangular shapes.The sensitive clay thickness at the base,the clay strength gradient,the sensitivity,and the softening rate significantly influence the failure mechanisms and the extent of diffused displacement.Remarkably,some of these effects mirror those observed in upward progressive landslides,underscoring the interconnectedness of these phenomena.This study contributes valuable insights into the complex dynamics of sensitive clay landslides,shedding light on the intricate interplay of factors governing their behaviour and progression.

A Comprehensive Systematic Review: Advancements in Skin Cancer Classification and Segmentation Using the ISIC Dataset

The International Skin Imaging Collaboration(ISIC)datasets are pivotal resources for researchers in machine learning for medical image analysis,especially in skin cancer detection.These datasets contain tens of thousands of dermoscopic photographs,each accompanied by gold-standard lesion diagnosis metadata.Annual challenges associated with ISIC datasets have spurred significant advancements,with research papers reporting metrics surpassing those of human experts.Skin cancers are categorized into melanoma and non-melanoma types,with melanoma posing a greater threat due to its rapid potential for metastasis if left untreated.This paper aims to address challenges in skin cancer detection via visual inspection and manual examination of skin lesion images,processes historically known for their laboriousness.Despite notable advancements in machine learning and deep learning models,persistent challenges remain,largely due to the intricate nature of skin lesion images.We review research on convolutional neural networks(CNNs)in skin cancer classification and segmentation,identifying issues like data duplication and augmentation problems.We explore the efficacy of Vision Transformers(ViTs)in overcoming these challenges within ISIC dataset processing.ViTs leverage their capabilities to capture both global and local relationships within images,reducing data duplication and enhancing model generalization.Additionally,ViTs alleviate augmentation issues by effectively leveraging original data.Through a thorough examination of ViT-based methodologies,we illustrate their pivotal role in enhancing ISIC image classification and segmentation.This study offers valuable insights for researchers and practitioners looking to utilize ViTs for improved analysis of dermatological images.Furthermore,this paper emphasizes the crucial role of mathematical and computational modeling processes in advancing skin cancer detection methodologies,highlighting their significance in improving algorithmic performance and interpretability.

Synthesis and Charcterization of Silane Crosslinked Hydrogel to pH Sensitive Study

Eco-friendly and biodegradable novel hydrogel were prepared by blending and solution casting method. The designed hydrogel is based on chitosan/ PEG600/Gurgam with carbon nanofiller along silane crosslinked (TEOS) with pH sensitive response to controlled release of drug in biomedical materials and agriculture industry. The various concentration of carbon nanofiller is used to analyze its effect on the fabricated hydrogel characteristics by using FTIR, SEM, TGA, swelling studies (water, buffer and ionic solution). Spectra of FTIR reflected both established and newly developed groups (like hydrogel). COOH group presence is clearly observed in this range in the carbon filler reinforced hydrogel. The SEM micrographs show that CPG0.003 had a collection of polysaccharide chains as thin helices, which is attributed to the increase in the size of porosity. TGA shows to increase concentration of nanofiller enhanced the thermal stability of the designed hydrogels at temperature 25˚C to 550˚C mass loss percentage decrease upto 20% and increase thermal stability. This pH response made these resultant hydrogels as fruitful competitor against the many reported controlled release application.