Finite Element Model Updating of Bridge Structures Based on Sensitivity Analysis and Optimization Algorithm

The dynamic characteristics of bridge structures, such as the natural frequencies, mode shapes and model damping ratio, are the basis of structural dynamic computation, seismic analysis, vibration control and structural health condition monitoring. In this paper, a three-dimensional finite-element model is established for a highway bridge over a railway on No.312 National Highway and the ambient test is carried out in site, the dynamic characteristics of the bridge are studied using the finite-element analysis and ambient vibration measurements. Comparison between the theoretical and experimental results shows that the frequency differences of the modes range between 0.44% and 8.77%. If the measurement is more reliable, the finite element model updating is necessary. Thus, a set of design variables is selected based on sensitivity analysis, then the finite element model of the bridge is updated based on optimization algorithm. The results of model updating show that the proposed updating method in this paper is more simple and effective, the updated finite element model can reflect the dynamic characteristics of the bridge better, the analytical results can provide the theoretical basis for damage identification and health condition monitoring of the bridge.

Dynamic Modeling and Sensitivity Analysis for an MEA-Based CO_(2) Capture Absorber

The absorber is the key unit in the post-combustion monoethanolamine(MEA)-based carbon dioxide(CO_(2))capture process.A rate-based dynamic model for the absorber is developed and validated using steady-state experimental data reported in open literature.Sensitivity analysis is performed with respect to important model parameters associated with the reaction,mass transport and phy-sical property relationships.Then,a singular value decomposition(SVD)-based subspace parameter estimation method is proposed to improve the model accu-racy.Finally,dynamic simulations are carried out to investigate the effects of the feed rate of lean MEA solution and the flue inlet conditions.Simulation results indicate that the established dynamic model can reasonably reflect the physical behavior of the absorber.Some new insights are gained from the simulation results.

Modeling and Parameter Sensitivity Analysis of Valve‑Controlled Helical Hydraulic Rotary Actuator System

As a type of hydraulic rotary actuator,a helical hydraulic rotary actuator exhibits a large angle,high torque,and compact structure;hence,it has been widely used in various fields.However,its core technology is proprietary to several companies and thus has not been disclosed.Furthermore,the relevant reports are primarily limited to the component level.The dynamic characteristics of the output when a helical rotary actuator is applied to a closed-loop system are investigated from the perspective of driving system design.Two main aspects are considered:one is to establish a reliable mathematical model and the other is to consider the effect of system parameter perturbation on the output.In this study,a detailed mechanical analysis of a helical rotary hydraulic cylinder is first performed,factors such as friction and load are considered,and an accurate dynamic model of the actuator is established.Subsequently,considering the nonlinear characteristics of pressure flow and the dynamic characteristics of the valve,a dynamic model of a valve-controlled helical rotary actuator angle closed-loop system is described based on sixth-order nonlinear state equations,which has never been reported previously.After deriving the system model,a sensitivity analysis of 23 main parameters in the model with a perturbation of 10%is performed under nine operating conditions.Finally,the system dynamics model and sensitivity analysis results are verified via a prototype experiment and co-simulation,which demonstrate the reliability of the theoretical results obtained in this study.The results provide an accurate mathematical model and analysis basis for the structural optimization or control compensation of similar systems.

DYNAMIC FINITE ELEMENT MODEL UPDATING BASED ON GLOBAL INFORMATION OF STRUCTURES

Finite element model updating method based on global information is proposed.Prior investigation upon design space of structural parameters is performed before updating usingstatistic analysis, including parameter screening using variance analysis and response surfacefitting using regression analysis. The parameter screening method selects the design parametersconsidering the result of hypothesis testing, which is a kind of global information. Meanwhile, thetraditional updating method considers local sensitivity which only gives the information at solepoint in the design space. Response surface fitting constructs a close-form multinomial whichdescribes the relationship between concerned structural feature and selected updating parameters. Itis an approximation to finite element models(FEM) and used as a substitution in the updatingiterations. The presented updating method can be applied without the restriction of linearassumption. In addition, there is no data exchange between the updating program and the finite-element analysis program in the updating iterations. This makes the method practical inengineering. An aircraft test structure, GARTEUR, is employed to verify the effectiveness of themethod. After updating, the error of modal frequencies is less than 3 percent.

Dynamical Model Updating Based on Modal Tests with Changed Structure

A new approach to modifying the stiffness and mass matrices of finite element models is presented to improve the calculation precision.By measuring the mode frequencies and shapes of both of the original and the new structures with changed stiffness and mass,the stiffness and mass matrices of the finite element model can be updated through matrices calculation and solving algebra equations.Taking a multi-freedom model as an example,the relation between the number of the modes and the correction precision of stiffness and mass matrix elements is researched.The facility and precision of the method are totally confirmed especially when the modeling error is known limited to a definite local range.The feasibility of the approach is proven by an effective engineering application to the model updating of a wing piece used in flutter test.

Sensitivity Analysis of Pollutants and Pattern Factor in a Gas Turbine Model Combustor due to Changes in Stabilizing Jets Characteristics

In the present paper,a sensitivity analysis of pollutants and pattern factor in a model combustor due to changes in the geometrical characteristics of stabilizing jets has been carried out.The exhaust pollutants including NO_(x),CO and soot have been chosen due to their harmful effect on the environment.The pattern factor has been also considered owing to its impact on turbine blades.The geometrical characteristics comprise diameter,angle and position of stabilizing jets.Eulerian-Lagrangian approach has been employed to model liquid fuel injection and distribution,breakup and evaporation of droplets.For the analysis of reactive-spray flow characteristics,RANS approach,realizable k-εturbulence model,discrete ordinates radiative heat transfer model and steady flamelet combustion model together with the chemical reaction mechanism of diesel fuel(C_(10)H_(22))have been applied.NO_(x) modeling has been performed via post-processing.Sensitivity analysis is such that by making variations in the problem inputs(diameter,angle and position of jets)in an organized manner,the effects on the outputs(NO_(x),CO,soot and pattern factor)are predicted.The number and order of simulations are predicted by design of experiments and full factorial model.Results have been analyzed using analysis of variance.It has been observed that if interactions among the characteristics of jets are considered,it is possible to analyze the exhaust pollutants more accurately.In fact,by using the interactions,it is likely to find a point where all output parameters are improved.Results show that by considering interactions of stabilizing jet characteristics,the maximum values of NO_(x),CO,soot and pattern factor change from 13.927 ppm,11.198%mole fraction,2.877 ppm and 0.043 to 26.233 ppm,14.693%mole fraction,142.357 ppm and 0.060,respectively.Furthermore,the minimum values change from 5.819 ppm,7.568%mole fraction,0.013 ppm and 0.029 to 6.098 ppm,5.987%mole fraction,0.002 ppm and 0.027,respectively.

Rigid body dynamics modeling, experimental characterization, and performance analysis of a howitzer

A large caliber howitzer is a complex and cumbersome assembly. Understanding its dynamics and performance attributes' sensitivity to changes in its design parameters can be a very time-consuming and expensive exercise, as such an effort requires highly sophisticated test rigs and platforms. However, the need of such an understanding is crucially important for system designers, users, and evaluators. Some of the key performance attributes of such a system are its vertical jump, forward motion, recoil displacement, and force transmitted to ground through tires and trail after the gun has been fired. In this work, we have developed a rigid body dynamics model for a representative howitzer system, and used relatively simple experimental procedures to estimate its principal design parameters. Such procedures can help in obviating the need of expensive experimental rigs, especially in early stages of the design cycle. These parameters were subsequently incorporated into our simulation model,which was then used to predict gun performance. Finally, we conducted several sensitivity studies to understand the influence of changes in various design parameters on system performance. Their results provide useful insights in our understanding of the functioning of the overall system.

Estimation of failure probability in braced excavation using Bayesian networks with integrated model updating

A probabilistic model is proposed that uses observation data to estimate failure probabilities during excavations.The model integrates a Bayesian network and distanced-based Bayesian model updating.In the network,the movement of a retaining wall is selected as the indicator of failure,and the observed ground surface settlement is used to update the soil parameters.The responses of wall deflection and ground surface settlement are accurately predicted using finite element analysis.An artificial neural network is employed to construct the response surface relationship using the aforementioned input factors.The proposed model effectively estimates the uncertainty of influential factors.A case study of a braced excavation is presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach.The update results facilitate accurate estimates according to the target value,from which the corresponding probabilities of failure are obtained.The proposed model enables failure probabilities to be determined with real-time result updating.

Analysis of dynamic wave model for flood routing in natural rivers

Flooding is a common natural disaster that causes enormous economic, social, and human losses. Of various flood routing methods, the dynamic wave model is one of the best approaches for the prediction of the characteristics of floods during their propagations in natural rivers because all of the terms of the momentum equation are considered in the model. However, no significant research has been conducted on how the model sensitivity affects the accuracy of the downstream hydrograph. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of the input parameters 9f the dynamic wave model was performed through field applications in natural rivers and routing experiments in artificial channels using the graphical multi-parametric sensitivity analysis （GMPSA）. The results indicate that the effects of input parameter errors on the output results are more significant in special situations, such as lower values of Manning＇s roughness coefficient and/or a steeper bed slope on the characteristics of a design hydrograph, larger values of the skewness factor and/or time to peak on the channel characteristics, larger values of Manning＇s roughness coefficient and/or the bed slope on the space step, and lower values of Manning＇s roughness coefficient and/or a steeper bed slope on the time step and weighting factor.

Lightweight Design of Commercial Vehicle Cab Based on Fatigue Durability

To better improve the lightweight and fatigue durability performance of the tractor cab,a multi-objective lightweight design of the cab was carried out in this study.First,the finite element model of the cab with counterweight loading was established and then confirmed by the physical testing,and use the inertial reliefmethod to obtain stress distribution under unit load.The cab-frame rigid-flexible couplingmulti-body dynamicsmodelwas built by Adams/car software.Taking the cab airbag mount displacement and acceleration signals acquired on the proving ground as the desired signals and obtaining the fatigue analysis load spectrum through Femfat-Lab virtual iteration.The fatigue simulation analysis is performed in nCode based on the Miner linear fatigue cumulative damage theory.Then,with themass and fatigue damage values as the optimization objectives,the bending-torsional stiffness and first-order bending-torsional mode as constraints,the thickness variables are screed based on the sensitivity analysis.The experimental design was carried out using the Optimal Latin hypercube method,and the multi-objective optimal design of the cab was carried out using theKriging approximationmodel fitting and particle swarmalgorithm.The weight of the optimized cab is reduced by 7.8%on the basis of meeting the fatigue durability performance.Finally,a seven-axis road simulation test rig was designed to verify its fatigue durability.The results show the optimized cab can consider both lightweight and durability.

Design and Analysis of Tapered Stress Joint for Top Tensioned Riser System

Stress Joint （SJ） plays a key role in the Top Tensioned Riser （TTR） system for deep water engineering. A preliminary design method of tapered SJ is proposed in the paper, which could help designers obtain accurate design data. After a further sensitive analysis is carried out, the related parameters choice and control methods are recommended in the engineering practice. By taking the extreme environment conditions into consideration, the effects of bending stress reduction and curve control are analyzed, and the 3-D FE models are established by ABQOUS for numerical evaluation to verify the correctness of design results. At last, dynamic analysis and fatigue analysis, based on actual project, are carried out with designed stress joint. The analysis results prove the feasibility and guidance of this method in the practical engineering applications.

Global Transmission Dynamics of a Schistosomiasis Model and Its Optimal Control

Drug treatment, snail control, cercariae control, improved sanitation and health education are the effective strategies which are used to control the schistosomiasis. In this paper, we consider a deterministic model for schistosomiasis transmission dynamics in order to explore the role of the several control strategies. The global stability of a schistosomiasis infection model that involves mating structure including male schistosomes, female schistosomes, paired schistosomes and snails is studied by constructing appropriate Lyapunov functions. We derive the basic reproduction number R0 for the deterministic model, and establish that the global dynamics are completely determined by the values of R0. We show that the disease can be eradicated when R0?≤1;otherwise, the system is persistent. In the case where ?R0?>1, we prove the existence, uniqueness and global asymptotic stability of an endemic steady state. Sensitivity analysis and simulations are carried out in order to determine the relative importance of different control strategies for disease transmission and prevalence. Next, optimal control theory is applied to investigate the control strategies for eliminating schistosomiasis using time dependent controls. The characterization of the optimal control is carried out via the Pontryagins Maximum Principle. The simulation results demonstrate that the insecticide is important in the control of schistosomiasis.

基于火箭简化模型的多状态模型修正研究

火箭发射过程中燃料的不断减少导致火箭结构不断变化,结构的固有频率和模态振型也会随之变化。针对有限元模型的不准确性,以截面惯性矩为修正参数,不同状态下数值仿真结果与试验测试结果的误差最小为目标函数,建立多状态模型修正的优化模型。通过灵敏度分析和一阶泰勒展开对目标函数进行显式化处理,并利用序列线性规划求解得到设计变量的最优解。同时对于多状态结构,以多截面简支梁模型为例,利用锤击法对简支梁进行试验,设计磁吸重物方案模拟多状态模型,以单截面简支梁试验的前4阶频率为目标函数建立优化模型,经过修正将多截面简支梁模型修正为单截面简支梁模型,并且符合截面惯性矩与面积的比例,验证了多状态模型修正方法的准确性。

基于灵敏度分析与响应面模型的机床主轴箱优化设计

针对机床主轴箱结构优化设计中模型复杂及计算量大的问题,提出一种将灵敏度分析与响应面模型相结合的优化办法。以箱体壁厚和筋板尺寸为输入参数,主轴箱质量、最大变形、最大应力、1阶固有频率作为目标参数进行灵敏度分析,筛选出6个关键尺寸作为优化参数;采用最佳填充空间设计法和Kriging函数法构建主轴箱响应面模型,通过多目标遗传算法对响应面模型进行求解计算。最后对优化后的主轴箱进行有限元分析来验证求解的准确性,优化后的主轴箱质量减轻了13.58%。

考虑动态腐蚀的输流管道时变共振可靠性及灵敏度分析

考虑输流管道受到环境动态腐蚀,壁厚变化引发输流管道固有频率变化,从而可能导致共振。因此,考虑时间变化以及输流管道结构参数、流体参数和外部激励频率的不确定性,采用Galerkin法求解输流管道固有频率,建立时变防共振功能函数,引入基于自适应Kriging模型的时变可靠性算法对时变失效概率进行高效求解,并与MCS法和SL-ALK法对比验证了方法的准确性,采用变量灵敏度指标评估各随机变量对时变失效概率的影响,分析了流体密度和流速对于时变共振失效概率的影响规律。

考虑随机和认知混合不确定性的CFD模型修正方法

针对随机和认知混合不确定性下的CFD模型修正问题,提出了一种融合混合不确定性量化、全局灵敏度分析、参数修正的模型修正架构,建立了基于证据理论的混合不确定性量化方法,在此基础上构建了基于概率包络面积变化率的混合不确定性灵敏度分析指标,提出了基于似然样本策略的参数修正方法。针对三维机翼ONERA M6的CFD数值模拟,在考虑湍流模型封闭系数认知不确定性和来流条件随机不确定性的情况下,通过混合不确定性量化得到升力系数的概率分布包络,并开展全局灵敏度分析发掘影响较大的封闭系数,降低模型修正的复杂度和计算量,并根据似然样本策略对关键系数加以修正。经过参数迭代修正,修正后的CFD仿真结果与试验数据高度吻合,证明了提出的CFD模型修正方法的有效性。

不确定性下的低轨卫星激光星间链路误差模型修正方法

在工程应用中,激光链路构建过程不可避免地会受到各种不确定性的影响,导致激光建链在扫描过程中对指向区域估计不准,降低星间激光建链的准确性.因此,应多方面考虑不确定因素来修正低轨激光星间链路的动力学指向误差模型,为后期的扫描捕获提供基础.提出一种考虑不确定性因素的低轨卫星激光星间链路动力学指向误差模型修正方法,激光星间链路系统以及不确定参数进行描述,建立系统动力学模型;对不确定参数进行了灵敏度分析,并基于灵敏度指标,使用Kriging方法建立了原有系统动力学的代理模型,并验证模型预测精度;确定不确定性量化指标,使用贝叶斯随机模型修正技术对系统动力学模型不确定参数进行修正;通过数值仿真验证了不确定性下的星间链路指向误差动力学模型修正方法的有效性和可行性.

VSC并网逆变器振荡的频率耦合导纳建模及影响因素分析

随着双高电力系统的发展,并网逆变器与交流电网之间的振荡问题频发。近年来,此类振荡问题逐渐表现出振荡频率互相耦合的特性,正负序解耦的导纳模型不再适用于这种情况下的振荡分析。频率耦合的导纳模型以及不同因素是如何影响频率耦合的,尚需进一步研究。首先建立了考虑频率耦合的并网逆变器导纳模型,随后基于灵敏度方法分析了不同因素对于频率耦合的影响,并给出了1个可以定量描述系统频率耦合程度的参数。对影响较大的锁相环带宽进行了优化设计,最后通过仿真验证了影响因素的灵敏度分析以及优化设计的正确性。

On Frequency Sensitivity and Mode Orthogonality of Flexible Robotic Manipulators

This paper presents sensitivity analysis of vibration frequencies of flexible manipulators with respect to variations of systems parameters such as rotational inertia of hub,and mass,moment,and side of tip load.Both Euler-Bernoulli and Timoshenko dynamical models of flexible manipulators are discussed.By using variational method,sensitivity indices are obtained with explicit expressions for measuring the sensitivity of frequencies.Based on variational formulations,a novel method for deriving the orthogonal relations among vibration modal shape functions of flexible manipulators is introduced.With this method,the orthogonal relations can be derived easily without invoking the tedious process of differentiation and integration by part,as commonly used in their derivation.